Dentatosoma

Antić, Dragan Ž. & Makarov, Slobodan E., 2016, The Caucasus as a major hotspot of biodiversity: Evidence from the millipede family Anthroleucosomatidae (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida), Zootaxa 4211 (1), pp. 1-205 : 102-107

Dentatosoma magnum gen. et sp. nov.

Figs 83–86 , 91 B

Diagnosis. Differs from the other two species of the genus by the presence of laterally extended, nearly rounded coxal processes of the anterior gonopods.

Etymology. An adjective; to emphasize its presence only in the Greater Caucasus (= Caucasus Major).

Material studied (total: 47 males, 10 females, 22 juveniles). Holotype. RUSSIA: male, Krasnodar Province, Caucasian Nature Reserve, Pslukh ca 20 km E of Krasnaya Polyana, Mt Kogot , Abies & Fagus forest, up to timberline, 1650–1850 m asl, litter, under bark and stones 18–20 May 1985, S. Golovatch leg. ( ZMUM ρ3323).

Paratypes (total: 3 males, 6 females, 3 juveniles). All from RUSSIA, Krasnodar Province, Caucasian Nature Reserve : 5 females, 1 juvenile, same data as holotype ( ZMUM ρ3324) ; 1 male, same data as holotype, except: 1400 m asl ( ZMUM ρ3325) ; 2 males, 1 female, 2 juveniles, same data as holotype, except: 1000 m asl ( ZMUM ρ3326).

Other material (total: 43 males, 4 females, 19 juveniles). ABKHAZIA : 8 males, 1 female (ZMUM ρ3327), 3 males, 1 female ( IZB), Myussera Nature Reserve , 20–130 m asl, mixed deciduous forest ( Castanea , Alnus , ect), litter, under bark and stones, 8–10 Apr. 1983, S. Golovatch leg. ; 2 males, near Sukhumi, near Cave Kelassuri , litter, 11 Apr. 1983, S. Golovatch leg. ( ZMUM ρ3328) ; 1 male, near Lake Ritsa , Picea & Abies forest with Polygonatum , 12 Sep. 1985, I. A. Ushakov leg. ( ZMUM ρ3329) ; 1 male, 2 juveniles, Lake Ritsa , 950–1100 m asl, Fagus , Abies , Picea , Acer , etc. forest, litter, under bark and stones, 13–14 Aug. 1986, S. Golovatch leg. ( ZMUM ρ3330) ; 3 males, SE of the Lake Ritsa, Pass Anchkho , 2000 m asl, Betula & Rhododendron , litter, 16 Aug 1986, S. Golovatch leg. ( ZMUM ρ3331).

GEORGIA: 5 males, 1 female, 10 juveniles ( ZMUM ρ3332), 2 males ( IZB), 40 km W of Mestia, Kherkhvashi , E of Nakra (= Naki), 1250–1700 m asl, Quercus , Fagus , Carpinus , Picea , Abies , etc. forest, litter and bark, 21 Aug–21 Sep. 1986, S. Golovatch leg. ; 7 males, 1 juvenile, Mestia , 1500 m asl, Betula & Rhododendron on moraine, litter and under stones, 16 Sep. 1986, S. Golovatch leg. ( ZMUM ρ3333) ; 9 males, 1 female, 5 juveniles, 40 km W of Mestia, above Kherkhvashi , 1900–2200 m asl, timber-line ( Azalea , Picea , Abies ) and subalpine meadows, 21 Sep. 1986, S. Golovatch leg. ( ZMUM ρ3334) ; 1 male, 1 juvenile, eastern part of Mingrelian (= Egrissian) Mt. Range, NW slope of Mt Tsekhuri, 1500–1800 m asl, Fagus forest, litter, 18 & 19 Aug. 1988, I. Belousov leg. ( ZMUM ρ3335).

RUSSIA: 1 male, Adygea, Caucasian State Nature Reserve, Pasture Abago , 1770 m asl, near timber-line, pitfall trapping, 4 Jun.–02 Jul. 2009, Y. Chumachenko leg. ( ZMUM ρ3336).

Type locality. RUSSIA: Krasnodar Province, Caucasian Nature Reserve, Pslukh ca 20 km E of Krasnaya Polyana, Mt Kogot , Abies & Fagus forest.

Description. Body with 30 segments (including telson) in adults.

MEASUREMENTS. Males 10–11.5 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest pleurotergite0,9– 1 mm. Females 13–14.5 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest pleurotergite 1.3–1.4 mm.

COLORATION ( Fig. 83 ). Prozonites with paler greyish, while metazonites with darker greyish paramedical stripes. Laterally, prozonites greyish, metazonites brownish. Some specimens with brownish patterns on prozonites and metazonites. Dorsomedially, dorsolaterally and ventrolaterally yellowish.

HEAD. Flattened in males. Labrum with three medial teeth and 6+6 labral and 2+2 supralabral setae. Promentum triangular, without setae. Lingual plates with 5+5 setae, on each plate arranged in one irregular row. Stipites with ca 15+15 setae. Antennae 1.55 mm long in holotype. Length of antennomeres (in mm): I (0.06), II (0.19), III (0.37), IV (0.22), V (0.37), VI (0.2), VII (0.12) and VIII (0.02). Length/breadth ratios of antennomeres I– VII: I (0.7), II (1.7), III (3.7), IV (2), V (2.6), VI (1.3) and VII (1.2). Antennomeres II, IV, V, VI and VII with one, three, one, four and one sensillum, respectively. Number of ocelli 20–29, arranged in 6–8 rows in males; 25–29 in 7–8 rows in females.

COLLUM. Narrower than head, with six macrochaetae. Anterior edge semi-circular, posterior margin gently concave.

BODY SEGMENTS ( Figs 83 , 84 ). Lateral keels or swellings completely absent, only first few segments with barely visible swellings. Limbus very characteristic, dentate. Some limbus denticles with one short seta.

Macrochaetae medium-sized and trichoid. CIX (pleurotergite 15) = 1; MIX (pleurotergite 15) = 1; PIX (pleurotergite 15) = 0; MA (pleurotergite 15) = 180˚.

TELSON. Epiproct with a pair of spinnerets and 3+3 setae (1+1 paramedian, 2+2 marginal). Hypoproct with 1+1 apical setae. Paraprocts with 3+3 marginal setae.

WALKING LEGS. In both sexes, leg-pairs 1 and 2 with tarsal combs; prefemora with several long and robust setae; femora and postfemora with a group of several long and robust setae.

MALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS ( Fig. 91 B). Leg-pairs 3–7 only slightly enlarged; leg-pair 7 the most enlarged with sabre-like tarsi. Leg-pairs 3–6 resembling normal walking legs. Leg-pair 10 with coxal glands, no other peculiarities. Leg-pair 11 with coxal glands and a well-developed, posterior, coxal horn.

ANTERIOR GONOPODS ( Figs 85 A–C, 86A–C). Simple. Sternal plate (sp) anteriorly with a medial, hairy, sternal sac (ss). Coxal processes (cp) completely divided, extended laterally, nearly rounded. Posteriorly, both coxal processes with a medial, longitudinal, denticulate lamella (lol) and a pair of coxal vesicles (cv) with a long triangular process (trp) in-between. Above triangular process, a wing-like structure (ws) present.

POSTERIOR GONOPODS ( Figs 85 D, 86D–F). Coxites (c) divided. Telopodites (t) present on posterior side, consisting of a pigmented membranous part with setae. Coxal processes (cp) simple, curved anteriorly, with a shallow notch apically. Coxal vesicles (cv) situated mesally.

Distribution. Abkhazia, Georgia, Russia ( Fig. 170 , orange circle).

Figures

FIGURE 83. Dentatosoma magnum gen. et sp. nov., male from Myussera Reserve, Abkhazia, habitus. Scale line = 1 mm.

FIGURE 84. Dentatosoma magnum gen. et sp. nov., male from Kherkhvashi, 40 km W of Mestia, Georgia. A. Pleurotergite 16, posterior view. B. Pleurotergites 15 and 16, lateral view. C. Prozonite of pleurotergite 15, dorsal view. D. Limbus of pleurotergite 16, dorsal view. E. Pleurotergite 15, dorsal view.

FIGURE 85. Dentatosoma magnum gen. et sp. nov., holotype male gonopods. A. Anterior gonopods, anterior view. B. Anterior gonopods, lateral view. C. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. D. Posterior gonopods, anterior view. c = coxite; t = telopodite; cp = coxal process; cv = coxal vesicle; ss = sternal sac; ws = wing-like structure; lol = longitudinal lamella; trp = triangular process. Scale line = 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 86. Dentatosoma magnum gen. et sp. nov., male from Kherkhvashi, 40 km W of Mestia, Georgia, gonopods. A. Anterior gonopods, anterior view. B. Anterior gonopods, lateral view. C. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. D. Posterior gonopods, anterior view. E. Posterior gonopods, lateral view. F. Posterior gonopods, posterior view. c = coxite; t = telopodite; cp = coxal process; cv = coxal vesicle; sp = sternal plate; ss = sternal sac; ws = wing-like structure; lol = longitudinal lamella; trp = triangular process.

FIGURE 91. Leg-pair 11., holotype males. A. Dentatosoma denticulatum gen. et sp. nov. B. Dentatosoma magnum gen. et sp. nov. C. Dentatosoma zeraboseli gen. et sp. nov. Scale lines = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 170. Distribution of the Caucasian Anthroleucosomatidae: the Dentatosoma, the Herculina, the Ratcheuma and the Vegrandosoma complexes.