Progonyleptoidellus Piza, 1940

Benedetti, Alípio R. & Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo, 2019, Description of two new species of Progonyleptoidellus (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae), with a cladistic analysis of the genus, an overview of relationships in the K 92 group, and taxonomic notes on Deltaspidium, Zootaxa 4691 (5), pp. 461-490 : 472-473

Progonyleptoidellus Piza, 1940

Ampheres (part): Roewer, 1913: 334 (desc)

Progonyleptoidellus Piza, 1940:63 (desc); Soares & Bauab-Vianna, 1972: 205 (syst) [revalidated from the synonymy of Geraeocormobius ]; Soares & Soares, 1985: 181 (rdesc, syst); Kury & Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997: 109 (diag, syst); Kury, 2003 (cat); Kury & Alonso-Zarazaga, 2011: 58 (cat).

Laneius B. Soares, 1942: 6 (desc); Soares & Soares, 1985: 184 (rdesc, syst) [revalidated from the synonymy of Gonazula Roewer, 1930 ] (type species Laneius fuscopictus B. Soares, 1942 , by original designation). Synonymy established by Kury & Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997.

Gonazula (part): Soares & Soares, 1949: 173 (diag, syst).

Piraquara Piza, 1943: 258 (desc); Soares & Soares, 1949: 167 (cit) (type species Piraquara schubarti Piza, 1943 , by original designation). Synonymy established by Soares & Bauab-Vianna, 1972.

Cadeadoius (part): Roewer, 1943: 45 (desc).

Gonyleptoides (part): B. Soares, 1944a: 257 (syst).

Geraecormobius (part): Soares & Soares, 1949: 167 (syst).

Type species. Progonyleptoidellus androgynus Piza, 1940 , by original designation.

Etymology. The genus name derives from the pre-existing genus Progonyleptoides + masculine form of Latin suffix – ellus. Gender masculine.

Included species. Progonyleptoidellus bocaina sp. nov., Progonyleptoidellus fuscopictus ( Soares, 1942) , Progonyleptoidellus picinguaba sp. nov. and Progonyleptoidellus striatus ( Roewer, 1913) .

Diagnosis. Progonyleptoidellus can be distinguished from the other genera of Progonyleptoidellinae by the following combination of characters: Dorsal scutum outline ( Figs. 2–7 ) gamma pyriform (γP); mesotergum divided into 3 scutal areas; posterior margin of DS convex or sub straight; scutal areas I–II unarmed ( Figs. 2–7 ); area III armed with two paramedian large backwards-pointing spines (larger in some females), except in P. striatus ; coxa IV with large proapical apophysis in males ( Figs. 2–7 ) and females, generally larger and with curved apex in males (except P. picinguaba sp. nov., straight and equal-sized in both sexes); femur IV with ( P. fuscopictus and P. striatus ) or without DBA ( P. bocaina sp. nov. and P. picinguaba sp. nov.); femur IV of females armed (usually with an armature different than males except P. picinguaba sp. nov.); tarsus IV with more than 16 tarsomeres; carapace dark colored and DS yellowish, with black spots or bands on scutal areas. Penis ( Fig. 6 ) with deep cleft on VP, lateral lobes placed sub-basally; VP rounded, without globular base in lateral view; MS A + B placed forming an arch; MS B smaller than MS A (except in P. striatus ); MS C with helicoidal apex; flabellum fan-like; stylus sub sigmoid, with apex inclined to the axis of stylus.

Nomenclatural history. Roewer (1913) described Ampheres striatus in Caelopyginae .Later, Piza (1940) created the new genus Progonyleptoidellus , which was placed in Gonyleptinae , with a single species Progonyleptoidellus androgynus , based on a female from Alto da Serra, São Paulo. Two years later, B. Soares (1942) described the monotypic genus Laneius , for Laneius fuscopictus B. Soares, 1942 , based on a female holotype and a male allotype from Boracéia, Salesópolis, São Paulo state, placing it in Gonyleptinae too. In the following year, Piza (1943) created in Gonyleptinae the new monotypic genus Piraquara , with the single species Piraquara schubarti Piza, 1943 from Serra da Piraquara, Itanhaém , São Paulo. In the same year, Roewer (1943) described Cadeadoius atroluteus Roewer, 1943 in Goniosomatinae . One year later, B. Soares (1944a) synonymized Progonyleptoidellus and Piraquara under Gonyleptoides Roewer, 1913 , a formerly monotypic genus from Rio de Janeiro. Soares & Soares (1949) synonymized Laneius with Gonazula Roewer, 1930 , a formerly monotypic genus from Santa Catarina, producing the new combination Gonazula fuscopicta . In the same paper, Soares & Soares (1949: 167) synonymized Gonyleptoides with Geraeocormobius Holmberg,1888 , making the new combinations Geraeocormobius androgynus and G. schubarti ; as pointed out by Acosta et al. (2007a), the correct (original) spelling of the generic name is Geraeocormobius , while the majority of subsequent authors employed the incorrect spelling “ Geraecormobius ”. Still in the same contribution, Soares & Soares (1949) transferred Cadeadoius atroluteus to Geraeocormobius .

Five years later, Soares & Soares (1954) described Geraeocormobius orguensis based on a female from Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro state. Later, Soares & Bauab-Vianna (1972) revalidated Progonyleptoidellus and considered Piraquara as its junior subjective synonym. Thirteen years later, Soares & Soares (1985) synonymized Piraquara schubarti and Cadeadoius atroluteus with Progonyleptoidellus androgynus , and revalidated Laneius . Furthermore, Soares&Soares(1985) also erected the new subfamily Progonyleptoidellinae , with Progonyleptoidellus as the type genus, and included the genera Iguapeia Mello-Leitão, 1935b , Laneius , Heliella B. Soares, 1945b , Cadeadoius Mello-Leitão, 1936 , Moreiranula Roewer, 1930 , Gonyleptoides , Opisthoplites Sørensen, 1884 and Stylopisthos Roewer, 1930 .

Several years later, Kury & Pinto-da-Rocha (1997) considered the monotypic genus Laneius as a junior subjective synonym of Progonyleptoidellus , resulting in a new combination, Progonyleptoidellus fuscopictus . Moreover, the authors also considered Progonyleptoidellus androgynus as a junior subjective synonym of Ampheres striatus , so they removed this species from Ampheres C.L. Koch, 1839 (Caelopyginae) and assigned it to Progonyleptoidellus (Progonyleptoidellinae) , resulting in the new combination Progonyleptoidellus striatus . Five years later, Kury (2003), in his annotated catalogue, transferred Geraeocormobius orguensis to Progonyleptoidellus , without justification.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Progonyleptoidellus bocaina sp. nov., male paratype (MZSP 18939): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, right trochantertibia IV, dorsal view; C, coxa, trochanter and basal part of femur IV, retrodorsal view. Scale bars: A: 3 mm, B: 4 mm, C: 2 mm.

FIGURE 3. Progonyleptoidellus bocaina sp. nov., male holotype (MZSP 73602) and female paratype (MZSP 73776): A, male habitus, dorsal view; B, female habitus, dorsal view; C, male habitus, ventral view; D, female trochanter–femur IV, dorsal view; E, male trochanter–tibia IV, dorsal view; F, male habitus, left lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Progonyleptoidellus picinguaba sp. nov., male holotype (MZSP 73602): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, right trochanter–tibia IV, dorsal view; C, coxa, trochanter and basal part of femur IV, retrodorsal view. Scale bars: A, C: 2 mm, B: 3 mm.

FIGURE 5. Progonyleptoidellus picinguaba sp. nov., male paratype (MZSP 16009) and female paratype (MZSP 16257): A, male habitus, dorsal view; B, female habitus, dorsal view; C, male habitus, ventral view; D, male trochanter–tibia IV, dorsal view; E, female trochanter–patella IV, dorsal view; F, male habitus, left lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs showing the distal part of Progonyleptoidellus spp. penis: A–B, P. bocaina sp. nov. (MZSP 18939), A. dorsal, B. lateral; C–D, P. picinguaba sp. nov. (MZSP 16259), A. dorsal, B. lateral. Scale bars: 20 µm.

FIGURE 7. Photographs of living specimens of Progonyleptoidellus: A, P. striatus (male from Brazil, São Paulo, Santo André, Estação Biológica Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba); B, P. striatus (female from same locality as male); C, P. fuscopictus (male from Brazil, São Paulo, Cunha, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar). Photos by R. Pinto-da-Rocha.