Campophyllum sp.

Denayer, Julien, 2016, Rugose corals across the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in NW Turkey, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (1), pp. 51-70 : 58-60

Campophyllum sp.

Fig. 7 .

2002 Campophyllum sp. A , Berkowski 2002: 35, pl. 10: 2–5.

2005? Palaeosmilia aquisgranensis (Frech) ; Chwieduk 2005: 424, pl. 14: 2, 3.

2013 Campophyllum sp. 1 ; Denayer 2013: 36, fig. 1C, H.

2013 Palaeosmilia cf. aquisgranensis (Frech) ; Denayer 2013: 36, fig. 1F.

Material. —Nine specimens: 7 from Topluca, 1 from Esenpınar (Bartın), and 1 from Gökgöl (Zonguldak), uppermost Famennian.

Description.—The corallum is cylindrical, up to 15 cm high and up to 50 mm in diameter. The mean diameter of the tabularium is 20 mm (maximum 36 mm). There are, in average, 54 septa of each order (maximum 68; Fig. 6 ). The major septa are straight or slightly wavy in the dissepimentarium. They are long and reach the axis of the corallum but leave a septa-free zone 1–6 mm-wide in the central part of the tabularium. The counter septum is very long (up to 5 mm longer than other major septa) and extends up to the axis but without forming a true columella ( Fig. 7C 2 ). The cardinal septum is usually shorter than the other septa. The minor septa are long (1/2–3/4 of the length of the major septa) and straight. They are contraclinant or contratingent. Both series of septa are thickened in the juvenile stages. The thickening decreases during the growth of the coral. In mature stages, the septa are thickened in the cardinal parts of the tabularium. The thickening is not symmetrically distributed in the corallum and specimens with septa thickened in only one alar “quadrant” are common ( Fig. 7A 1 ). The cardinal fossula is long, larger in its axial part, and edged by thickened cardinal-lateral major septa shorter than the other septa ( Fig. 7C 3 ). In the mature stages, the dissepimentarium counts up to 30 rows of dissepiments: concentric, angulo-concentric, V-shaped or rare herringbone interseptal dissepiments, and some rows of lonsdaleoid dissepiments ( Fig. 7B 2 ) that can be naotic. The wall is thin and regular and often eroded. In longitudinal section, the tabulae are complete and associated with numerous densely packed small tabellae. Their shape varies from horizontal, domed to mesa-shaped. Some are concave in the central part and show lateral shoulders ( Fig. 7C 4 ). In this case, small tabellae fill the concavity to make the tabularium flatter. The dissepiments are numerous and steeply inclined 70–80°). Two morphologies occur in the same specimen: small globose dissepiments about 1 mm high and long and stretched dissepiments 1–1.5 mm high and 3–5 mm long. There are about 15 dissepiments and 30 tabulae (both complete and tabellae) per centimetre.

Remarks. —The large dimensions, the length of septa and the width of the dissepimentarium are the main characters distinguishing this species from C. flexuosum ( Goldfuss, 1826) . Nevertheless, the juvenile stages of both species are very similar: major septa thickened and flexuous, minor septa short, short counter septum (compare Fig. 5G and Fig. 7D ). For a similar diameter, Campophyllum sp. usually shows a narrower dissepimentarium but this character rapidly changes during ontogeny. Detailed treatment of this form is pending and will be published elsewhere.

Stratigraphic and geographic range.—The species is known in Belgium (Edouard Poty, personal communication, May 2013) and Poland ( Campophyllum sp. A of Berkowski 2002). In Turkey, Campophyllum sp. occurs in both Bartın and Zonguldak areas.

Figures

Fig. 7. Cyathophylline coral Campophyllum sp. from the uppermost Famennian (Strunian) of Bartın area, Topluca section, Turkey. A. ET.11.12.III, succes- → sive TS (A1, A2). B. ET.11.12.II, successive TS (B1, B2). C. ET.11.12, successive TS (C1, C2); close-up view of the dissepimentarium and cardinal fossula, TS (C3); LS, (C4). D. ET.11.10, TS. Scale bar 5 mm for all specimens except C3, 3.75 mm.

Fig. 6. Scatter diagram showing the number of septa plotted against corallite diameter for Campophyllum flexuosum (Goldfuss, 1826) and Campophyllum sp.

Fig. 2. Simplified lithological columns of the main sampled sections with the stratigraphic range of the rugose corals in the Yılanlı Formation and the position of samples with foraminifers (DFZ7, MFZ1, MFZ2, MFZ3 referring to the biostratigraphic zones of Poty et al. 2006). The position of the D–C boundary, based on foraminiferal assemblage, is indicated by the double arrow.

Fig. 1. A. General structural map of Turkey (modified after Görür and Tüysüz 2001; Moix et al. 2008; Okay 2008). CCAC, Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex; EAAC, East Anatolian Accretionnary Complex (Sanadaj-Sirjan Block); Lycian Np., Lycian Nappes. B. Geological map of the Istanbul- Zonguldak Zone (modified after Okay et al. 2006) with the position of the Zonguldak and Bartın areas. C. Simplified geological map of the Zonguldak area (redrawn after Hoşgörmez 2007 and Charles 1933) with the location of the sampled sections (G, Gökgöl section). D. Simplified geological map of the Bartın area (redrawn after Tokay 1954) with the location of the sampled sections (T, Topluca section; D, Dallıca section; E, Esenpınar section).

Fig. 3. Uppermost Famennian (Strunian) facies in the Topluca section, Turkey. A. Lower stromatoporoid biostrome (unit ET12a in Fig. 2). B. Bioclastic facies of the unit ET11 crowded with large campophyllid solitary rugose corals in a packstone matrix.

Fig. 4. Detailed lithological column around the D–C boundary (DCB) in the Topluca section (unit ET-DC in Fig. 2). The stratigraphic distribution of some guide taxa is also indicated.

Fig. 5. Cyathophylline Campophyllum flexuosum (Goldfuss, 1826) (A–M) and hetophylline Pseudoendophyllum sp. (N–Q) corals from the uppermost → Famennian (Strunian) of Zonguldak and Bartin areas, Topulca (A, B, D–I, K), Esenpınar (C, J), Gökgöl (L, M), and Dallıca (N–Q) sections, Turkey. A. ET.11.16.b, TS. B. ET.11.17.I, TS. C. EV.3.2, TS. D. ET.11.16.V’, TS. E. ET.11.16.b, TS. F. ET.11.16.IV.b, TS. G. ET.11.18, TS. H. ET.11.18, TS. I. ET.11.13.II.a, TS. J. EV.3.5, TS (J1), LS (J2). K. ET.11.16.V, TS. L. G.3.17.I, LS. M. G.3.15, TS, close-up view of the dissepimentarium. N. D.2.1.II, TS. O. D.2.4.I, TS. P. D.2.2.I.a, successive TS (P1, P2). Q. D.2.2.I.b, LS. Scale bar 5 mm for all specimens except D, 2.5 mm and M, 3.75 mm.