Henicorhynchus ornatipinnis ( Roberts, 1997 )

Ciccotto, Patrick J. & Page, Lawrence M., 2020, Revision of the Genus Henicorhynchus, with a Revised Diagnosis of Gymnostomus (Cyprinidae: Labeoninae), Copeia 108 (3), pp. 485-502 : 485-502

Henicorhynchus ornatipinnis ( Roberts, 1997)

Red-finned Mud Carp

Figure 6

Cirrhinus ornatipinnis Roberts, 1997:195 , fig. 13. Type locality: Thailand, roadside ditch on highway 24 at km 150 marker, 179 km by road east of Nakorn Ratchasima. Holotype: CAS 91756 .

Gymnostomus ornatipinnis — Kottelat, 2013.

Diagnosis.— A member of Henicorhynchus distinguished from other members of the genus ( Table 1) by the following combination of characters: mouth subterminal, weakly oblique to nearly horizontal (less than or equal to 208 to midline of body); maxillary barbels absent; edge of rostral cap straight, without medial indent; flank immaculate, without longitudinal stripes; caudal peduncle immaculate, without spot; anterior ł of caudal fin dusky, posterior hyaline; pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins red or orange in life.

Comparisons.— Henicorhynchus ornatipinnis differs from all other species of Henicorhynchus in having red or orange pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins in life (vs. hyaline fins) and from all except H. siamensis and some specimens of H.

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entmema (see Remarks for that species) in lacking maxillary barbels. Henicorhynchus ornatipinnis possesses a rostral cap with a straight edge, vs. edge with medial indent in H. entmema , and a subterminal, weakly oblique mouth, vs. terminal in H. siamensis .

Description.— Morphometrics and meristics presented in Table 2. Mouth subterminal; weakly oblique to nearly horizontal. Maxillary barbels absent. Edge of rostral cap straight, without medial indent. Pectoral fin with 13–14 branched rays. Lateral-line scales and pored scales on caudal fin 33–35 þ 2–3; predorsal scales 10–12; scale rows above lateral line 5; scale rows below lateral line 5; scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 4–4. Maximum length ¼ 93.2 mm SL.

Dorsum of head and body light brown. Dorsal of side of head brown; ventral = ł cream to yellow; cheeks and opercula silver. Dorsal 1 3 of flank light brown =, with scattered darker brown spot on scales; ventral 2 3 cream to yellow. Venter cream to yellow. Dorsal fin with dark brown clusters of melanophores forming blotches in middle portions of interradial membranes; pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins hyaline; anterior ł of caudal fin dusky, posterior hyaline.

Distribution.— Henicorhynchus ornatipinnis is native to temporary habitats, including roadside canals, of the middle portion of the Mekong River basin in Thailand ( Roberts, 1997; Fig. 9A ). It is also reported from slow-flowing lotic habitats in Lao PDR ( Kottelat, 2001).

Material examined.— (Identified, but not measured if no SL given). Thailand: Mekong basin: CAS 91756 , 1 , holotype, 69.4 mm SL, roadside ditch on highway 24 at km 150, 17.9 km by road east of Nakorn Ratchasima , 15.00488N, 102.27398E, 27 May 1991 ; CAS 91758 , 4 , 84.3–93.2 mm SL, Nakorn Phanom market, 17.40198N, 104.79138E, 4 March 1991 ; CAS 91759 , 15 , Nakorn Phanom market, 17.40198N, 104.79138E, 26 May 1990 ; CAS 91760 , 9 , 53.9–87.8 mm SL, roadside canals 5–30 km south of Phibun Mangsahan , 15.08268N, 105.23338E, 16 September 1990 ; CAS 91761 , 26 , Phibun Mangsahan market, 15.24938N, 105.23568E, 15 September 1990 .

Henicorhynchus siamensis (Sauvage, 1881)

Siamese Mud Carp

Figures 7–8

Morara siamensis Sauvage (ex Bleeker), 1881:164, 187, pl. 6 fig. 2. Type locality: Thailand, Bangkok. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1839 (4).

Tylognathus siamensis de Beaufort, 1927:5 . Type locality: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province, Payao Swamp. Holotype: ZMA 112.583 .

Tylognathus brunneus Fowler, 1934:131 , figs. 87–88. Type locality: Thailand, Chiang Mai. Holotype: ANSP 58369 .

Cirrhinus marginipinnis Fowler, 1937:173 , figs. 108–109. Type locality: Thailand, Pitsanulok. Holotype: ANSP 68069 .

Cirrhinus siamensis — Roberts, 1997.

Gymnostomus siamensis — Kottelat, 2013.

Diagnosis.— A member of Henicorhynchus distinguished from other members of the genus ( Table 1) by the following combination of characters: mouth terminal, strongly oblique (35–458 to midline of body); maxillary barbels absent; edge of

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Copeia 108, No. 3, 2020

rostral cap straight, without medial indent; flank immaculate, without longitudinal stripes; caudal peduncle immaculate, without spot; caudal fin mostly clear, with scattered melanophores; pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins hyaline in life ( Fig. 9 ).

Comparisons.— Henicorhynchus siamensis differs from all other species of Henicorhynchus , except H. ornatipinnis and some specimens of H. entmema (see Remarks for that species) in lacking maxillary barbels. Henicorhynchus siamensis possesses a rostral cap with a straight edge (vs. edge with medial indent in H. entmema ). Henicorhynchus siamensis possesses a terminal, strongly oblique mouth (vs. subterminal in H. ornatipinnis ) and hyaline pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins in life (vs. red or orange fins in H. ornatipinnis ).

Description.— Morphometrics and meristics presented in Table 2. Mouth terminal, strongly oblique. Maxillary barbels absent. Edge of rostral cap straight, without medial indent. Pectoral fin with 14–16 branched rays. Lateral-line scales and pored scales on caudal fin 33–35 þ 2–4; predorsal scales 9–11; scale rows above lateral line 5 (rarely 6); scale rows below lateral line 5; scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 4. Maximum length ¼ 142.3 mm SL.

Dorsum of head and body brown. Dorsal to of side of head light to dark brown; ventral to ł cream = to yellow; cheeks and opercula occasionally silver. Dorsal 1 3 to of flank light to dark brown, with scattered darker = brown spots on scales in some specimens; ventral to 2 3 cream, yellow, or light brown. Venter cream, yellow, or light brown. Dorsal fin with dark brown clusters of melanophores forming blotches in middle portions of interradial membranes, distal edge brown; pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins hyaline; caudal fin mostly clear, with scattered melanophores.

Distribution.— Henicorhynchus siamensis is distributed in the Bang Pakong, Chao Phraya, Mae Klong, and Phetchaburi basins in Thailand as well as the Mekong basin in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand, and Vietnam ( Fig. 9D ).

Material examined.— (Identified, but not measured if no SL given). Cambodia: Mekong basin: CAS 91611 , 11 , Phnom Penh markets, 11.56258N, 104.9168E, 18 January 1994 ; CAS 94276 , 13 , Stung Treng market, 13.51678N, 105.96678E, 2 February 1994 ; CAS 94775 , 3 , 105.1 – 129.5 mm SL, Tonle Sap at km 13–16 north of Phnom Penh , 11.65878N, 104.86838E, 21 January 1994 ; CAS 96187 , 2 , Tonle Sap at km 12 from Phnom Penh ?, 11.64488N, 104.88058E ; UF 190623 , 1, 104.9 mm SL, Pursat, Pursat River 13 km NE of Pursat, 12.62428N, 104.00878E, 25 May 2016 ; UMMZ 232121 , 2 , Kandal, Tonle Sap River 35 km upstream from Phnom Penh, day row 1, net A, 11.86678N, 104.78338E, 16 January 1995 ; UMMZ 232297 , 1 , Stung Treng morning market, 13.58N, 105.96678E, 26 January 1995 ; UMMZ 232364 , 2 , Kandal, Prek Ta Pov , 11 km S of Phnom Penh, 13.58N, 104.86678E, 2 February 1995 ; UMMZ 232532 , 4 , Kandal, Tonle Sap day nets series 8 & 9, 11.73338N, 104.83338E, 13 February 1995 ; UMMZ 232640 , 3 , Kandal, Prek Bak Nam at fishing lot 9, just upstream Phum Chong Sao, 11.03338N, 105.13338E, 21 February 1995 ; UMMZ 234378 , 3 , Kandal, Tonle Sap at Dai fishery row 9, 25 km upstream from Phnom Penh, 11.77548N, 104.82738E, 22 January 1996 ; UMMZ 234426 , 1 , Kandal, Prek Ta Pov, 13 km south of Phnom Penh , 23 January 1996 ; UMMZ 234465 , 1 , Kandal, Mekong River at northern tip of island upstream

Ciccotto and Page—Revision of Henicorhynchus

from Phnom Penh, 25 January 1996; UMMZ 234533 , 14 , Kandal, Tonle Sap at Dai fishery row 9, 13 km upstream from Phnom Penh, 11.66748N, 104.86678E, 29 January 1996 ; UMMZ 234649 , 4 , Stung Treng, Mekong River, 2 km downstream from mouth of Tonle San on sandbars, 13.51678N, 105.93338E, 11 February 1996 ; UMMZ 234683 , 6 , Stung Treng, Mekong River, shallow channel across the S end of Kaoh Han ( Han Island ), 14 km NE of Stung Treng, 13.61678N, 106.058E, 14 February 1996 ; UMMZ 234728 , 2 , Kandal, Prek Muk Kandal, across Tonle Sap from Phnom Penh , 1 March 1996 ; UMMZ 234752 , 8 , Battambang, Sang Ke River at Ek Phnom district , 13.09888N, 103.19798E, 6 February 1996 ; UMMZ 235504 , 12 , Kandal, Tonle Sap at Dai fishery row 9, 15 km upstream from Phnom Penh, 11.68518N, 104.85288E, 27 January 1996 ; UMMZ 235505 , 11 , same as UMMZ 235504 ; UMMZ 235721 , 6 , Kandal, Tonle Sap , fishing lot 8, 35 km upstream from Phnom Penh, 11.73338N, 104.83338E, 1 March 1996 ; UMMZ 238586 , 1 , Kandal, pond E of Phnom Penh, between Bassac River and Mekong River , 11.41678N, 1058E, 7 March 1996 . Lao PDR: Mekong basin: CAS 93270 , 1 (of 3), 81.5 mm SL, Mekong River near Ban Hang Khone, below Lee Pee waterfalls, October 1993 ; CAS 94279 , 4 , Mekong River at Ban Hang Khone, just below Khone Falls , 13.96758N, 105.92988E, June 1993 ; CAS 96190 , 1 (of 3), 84.8 mm SL, Champasak, Houay Khaliang near Ban Napakiap , Muang Khong , 14.11738N, 105.85328E, September 1995 ; UF 185139 (in part), 1, 85.8 mm SL, Champasak, Pathumporn fish market in Pakse , 15.12028N, 105.7998E, 6 January 2013 . Thailand: Bang Pakong basin: CAS 79179 , 1 , Menam Bangpakong , near Prachinburi, 14.05228N, 101.37288E, 6 December 1990 ; CAS 79180 , 1 , 82.4 mm SL, Klong Waeh Kamong, on highway 304, 9 km by road north of junction with highway 33 at Kabinburi , 14.04558N, 101.78918E, 22 March 1989 ; CAS 91749 , 4 , Menam Bang Pa Kong at Ban Khao Cha-kan , on highway 317, 19 km south of Sa Kaeo, 13.6688N, 102.07578E, 23 March 1989 . Chao Phraya basin: ANSP 58369 , 1 , holotype of Tylognathus brunneus (photographs), Chieng Mai, on Me Nam Ping, North Siam, 720 km N of Bangkok, 19.21128N, 98.97088E, 24 December 1932 ; ANSP 68069 , 1 , holotype of Cirrhinus marginipinnis (photographs), 113.7 mm SL, Pitsanulok , 16.82488N, 100.25898E, 1936 ; CAS 79177 , 3 , Uttaradit market, 17.61818N, 100.09998E, September 1989 ; CAS 91752 , 1 , Nakorn Sawan market, 15.68878N, 100.12528E, 5 February 1989 ; CAS 93903 , 5 , 99.7–127.6 mm SL, same as CAS 91752 , MNHN 0000-1839, 4, syntypes of Morara siamensis (photographs), Bangkok, 13.7548N, 100.50148E, 1862 ; UF 176503 , 1, 123.3 mm SL, Saraburi, Rapeepat Canal, from market along Highway 1, 14.20788N, 100.85568E, 21 November 2009 ; UF 176587 , 1 , Chiang Mai, Ping River from community market on canal road (highway 121), 18.73758N, 98.93198E, 25 December 2009 ; UF 237590 , 5 , 61.3–82.3 mm SL, Nakhon Sawan, Wang Ma River, trib. of Sakae Krang River at Rt. 3013 bridge, 15.67548N, 99.82578E, 17 January 2015 ; UF 237596 , 1 , 36.4 mm SL, Uthai Thani, Thap Salao River, trib. of Sakae Krang River, north of Rt. 3438, 15.42618N, 99.65748E, 17 January 2015 ; UMMZ 236678 , 4 , Chai Nat, flood plain fishery, 15.18648N, 100.12358E ; UMMZ 236858 , 5 , Bung Borapet, tributary to Nau River , 4 km N. Nakhon Sawan, 15.70918N, 100.13648E, 11 November 1964 ; UMMZ 236978 , 1 , Bungboraphet Swamp, Nakhon Sawan, tributary of Nan River , 15.6738N, 100.13648E, 9 February 1965 ; UMMZ 251895 , 2 , Khon-kaen, Pong Neeb, trib. Pong River ,

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16.758N, 102.58E, 5 October 1964; USNM 119492 (in part), 1 , paratype of H. lobatus , 96.5 mm SL, Bung Borapet, 20 November 1923. Mae Klong basin: UMMZ 195257 , 6 , Rajburi, Mae Nam, Mae Klong River , vicinity of Rajburi (purchased in market at Rajburi ) , 13.53078N, 998248E, 14 November 1964; UMMZ 195830 , 1 , Mae Nam Khwae Noi , ca. 20 km upstream from Kanchanaburi (purchased from fisherman) , 14.07948N, 99.42348E, 23 March 1965; UF 191421 , 1 (of 3), 51.5 mm SL, Regional Freshwater Aquaculture Research and Development Center to Kanchanaburi (in Kanchanaburi town) , 13.96438N, 99.62748E, 16 January 2017. Mekong basin: CAS 79185 , 2 , Nakorn Phanom market , 17.40198N, 104.79138E, 28 May 1990; CAS 79187 , 4 , Yasothon market (¼ Menam Chi ) , 15.79718N, 104.13538E, 13 March 1991; CAS 91750 , 3 , same as CAS 79187 ; CAS 96183 , 2 , Ubon Ratchathani market , 15.22258N, 104.85858E, 11 September 1990; UF 170200 , 1 , Chiang Rai, Reservoir, Thailand Department of Fisheries Office , 19.85048N, 99.93728E, 12 November 2007; UF 170201 , 7 , Chiang Mai, Kok River , 19.96968N, 99.96878E, 12 November 2007; UF 173102 , 1 , 88.7 mm SL, Ubon Ratchathani, commercial fisher from Mun River , 15.32538N, 105.48998E, 9 June 2008; UF 178156 , 3 , Chiang Rai, Mae Kong , roadside market highway 1129 at km 46–47 , 20.23838N, 100.12568E, 15 May 2010; UF 178209 , 1 , Chiang Rai, Mekong at a roadside market in Chiang Saen , 20.33588N, 100.08788E, 15 May 2010; UF 185497 , 3 , Chiang Mai, Kok River at Thaton , 20.06038N, 99.36398E, 30 December 2012; UF 185549 , 1 , Chiang Mai, Fang River fishes from market in Ban Sri Bun Ruang on Hwy 107 , 19.91838N, 99.21368E, 30 December 2012; UF 185552 , 1 , 63.9 mm SL, same as UF 185549 ; UF 237589 , 2 , 59.1–90.1 mm SL, Sakon Nakhon, Songkhram River at confluence with Yam River , 17.70918N, 104.07678E, 8 January 2015; UF 237599 , 4 , 32.4–49.4 mm SL, Surin, Mun River , 15.31538N, 103.62998E, 6 January 2015; UMMZ 233730 , 4 , Ubon Ratchathani, Huay Thom-loe, at Ban Bung Khee-lek , 7 km E of Khemerat , 2.5 km from Keong River , 30 September 1975; ZMA 112.583 , 1 , holotype of Tylognathus siamensis (photographs), Chiang Rain, Payao Swamp, 5 March 1924. Phetchaburi basin: UF 236014 , 1 , 58.4 mm SL, Phetchaburi, Mae Prachan at bridge on highway 3499 , 12.93448N, 99.78148E, 1 February 2014. Vietnam: Mekong basin: UMMZ 218031 , 2 , Kihn Thuy Cai canal, 10 km E of Vinh Long (at mouth of canal into Mekong ) , 21 June 1974; UMMZ 218570 , 4 , Phong Dinh, Bassac River at Can Tho, CF- 2 , 10.03338N, 105.78338E, 3 November 1974; UMMZ 218584 , 8 , Phong Dinh, Bassac River near Can Tho (CF-3) , 10.03338E, 105.78338E, 3 November 1974; UMMZ 218664 , 12 , An Giang, Bassac River , 1 km S of Long Xuyen , LF-3, 10.36498N, 105.45918E, 28 October 1974; UMMZ 224738 , 1 , Cha Doc fish market , 10.78N, 105.11678E, 11 October 1974; UMMZ 224818 , 3 , Chau Doc, south end of Vinh Tuong Island, Bassac River , 10.78N, 105.11678E; UMMZ 245386 , 1 , An Giang, Son Chau Doc 3 km upstream from Chau Doc , 10.758N, 105.11678E, 19 April 1999; UMMZ 245448 , 1 , An Giang, Song Chau Doc 5 km upstream from Chau Doc , 10.76678N, 105.18E, 19 April 1999.

Figures

FIG. 9. Distributions of georeferenced specimens examined of: (A) Henicorhynchus caudiguttatus and H. ornatipinnis, (B) H. caudimaculatus, (C) H. entmema, and (D) H. siamensis.

FIG. 7. Henicorhynchus siamensis, ANSP 68069, holotype of Cirrhinus marginipinnis, 113.7 mm SL. Photo by K. Luckenbill (ANSP). = caudal peduncle with small brown spot at medial insertion of opercula occasionally silver. Dorsal 1 to of flank light to 3 caudal fin in smaller specimens; caudal fin mostly clear, with dark brown, with scattered darker = brown spots on scales in scattered melanophores; pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins some specimens; ventral to 2 cream, yellow, or light 3 hyaline in life. brown. Brown to black spot on medial portion of caudal peduncle near caudal-fin insertion in smaller specimens Comparisons.—Henicorhynchus caudimaculatus is most similar (,100 mm SL). Up to seven brown longitudinal stripes on to H. entmema in having a subterminal mouth and maxillary flanks in most specimens; usually distinct in specimens barbels, but differs in having a straight edge on the rostral cap greater than approximately 40 mm SL. Venter cream, yellow, (vs. a medial indent on the rostral cap of H. entmema) and in or light brown. Dorsal fin with dark brown clusters of usually having a series of longitudinal stripes along the flank melanophores forming blotches in middle portions of (vs. flank always immaculate in H. entmema). interradial membranes, distal edge brown; pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins hyaline; caudal fin generally clear, with Description.—Morphometrics and meristics in Table 2. Mouth scattered melanophores. subterminal, weakly oblique to nearly horizontal. Maxillary barbels present. Edge of rostral cap straight, without medial Remarks.—In the original description of H. caudimaculatus, indent; rostral cap occasionally with well-developed tuber- Fowler (1934) noted a ‘‘grayish axial streak’’ along the flank of cles. Pectoral fin with 14–16 branched rays. Lateral-line scales the holotype (p. 126, fig. 90) in addition to a brown spot on and pored scales on caudal fin 31–34þ2–3; predorsal scales 9– the caudal peduncle near the insertion of the caudal-fin rays. 11; scale rows above lateral line 5; scale rows below lateral In similarly sized specimens previously identified as H. lineatus, line 4 –5; scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin a similar spot on the caudal peduncle is present and the lateral origin 4. Maximum length ¼ 150 mm SL (Kottelat, 2001). stripes vary from very faint to bold (also noted by Roberts Dorsum of head and body brown. Dorsal of side of head [1997]), with some small specimens also possessing one light to dark brown; ventral ł cream to yellow; cheeks and distinct stripe. The types of Tylognathus caudimaculatus and

FIG. 8. Henicorhynchus siamensis, UF 191421, live, 51.5 mm SL. Photo by Z. Randall (FLMNH).