Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767)

Pyo, Jooyeon, Lee, Taekjun & Shin, Sook, 2012, Two newly recorded invasive alien ascidians (Chordata, Tunicata, Ascidiacea) based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis in Korea *, Zootaxa 3368 (1), pp. 211-228 : 219-220

3. Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767)

( Fig. 2C , Table 3)

Ascidia canina Müller, 1776: 43 .

Ascidea intestinalis: De Kay, 1843: 259 .

Ciona intestinalis: Van Name, 1912: 606 , fig. 43, pl. 66, fig. 130; Van Name, 1945: 160, fig. 79; Millar, 1952: 47; Tokioka, 1954: 82; Yamaguchi, 1975: 253; Rho, 1977: 316; Rho & Lee, 1991: 201; Currie et al, 1998: 25; Lambert & Lambert, 1998: 675; Stachowicz et al., 2002: 15498; Shirley, 2003: 14; Turon & López-Legentil, 2004: 311; Castilla et al., 2005: 213; Passamaneck & Gregorio, 2005: 1; Carver et al., 2006: 1; Nydam & Harrison, 2007: 1839; Howes et al., 2007: 85; Petersen, 2007: 128; Therriault & Herborg, 2008: 788; Picton & Morrow, 2010b: ZD1170; Shenkar et al, 2011: 103732; Veeman et al., 2011: 401.

Materials examined. 46 inds., Guryoungpo , 12 Aug. 2009, Lee T, thick cloth at 1.2 m depth ; 21 inds., Gampo , 12 Aug. 2009, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.3 m depth ; 33 inds., Daebyeon , 13 Aug. 2009, Shin S, ropes at 1.1 m depth ; 19 inds., Busan, 14 Aug. 2009, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth ; 39 inds., Dadaepo , 14 Aug. 2009, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth ; 46 inds., Tongyeong , 14 Aug. 2009, Shin S, ropes at 2.1 m depth ; 22 inds., Gwangyang , 16 Aug. 2009, Shin S, fish trap at 3.5 m depth ; 37 inds., Guryoungpo , 13 Nov. 2009, Lee T, thick cloth at 1.2 m depth ; 18 inds., Gampo , 13 Nov. 2009, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth ; 29 inds., Daebyeon , 14 Nov. 2009, Shin S, ropes at 3.5 m depth ; 13 inds., Busan, 14 Nov. 2009, Shin S ,, ropes at 3.1 m depth ; 25 inds., Dadaepo , 14 Nov. 2009, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth ; 46 inds., Tongyeong , 15 Nov. 2009, Shin S, dock wall at 1.7 m depth ; 16 inds., Gwangyang , 15 Nov. 2009, Lee T, fish trap at 3.2 m depth ; 46 inds., Guryoungpo , 24 June 2010, Lee T, ropes at 3 m depth ; 7 inds., Yangpo , 24 June 2010, Shin S, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth ; 22 inds., Gampo , 24 June 2010, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.3 m depth ; 26 inds., Bangeojin , 25 June 2010, Lee T, ropes at 1.1 m depth ; 6 inds., Jangsaengpo , 25 June 2010, Lee T, ropes at 1.1 m depth ; 35 inds., Daebyeon , 25 June 2010, Shin S, fish trap at 3.5 m depth ; 13 inds., Busan, 25 June 2010, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth ; 29 inds., Dadaepo , 26 June 2010, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth ; 79 inds., Tongyeong , 26 June 2010, Shin S, ropes at 2.1 m depth ; 22 inds., Gwangyang , 27 June 2010, Lee T, fish trap at 3.5 m depth ; 13 inds., Mokpo , 28 June 2010, Shin S, ropes at 1.1 m depth ; 9 inds., Gunsan , 29 June 2010, Shin S, under floating dock at 0.3 m depth ; 2 inds., Daejin , 17 Oct. 2010, Shin S, ropes at 2.7 m depth ; 5 inds., Ayajin , 17 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, fish trap at 3.7 m depth ; 6 inds., Sacheon , 18 Oct. 2010, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.9 m depth ; 27 inds., Guryoungpo , 19 Oct. 2010, Shin S, ropes at 2.7 m depth ; 26 inds., Yangpo , 19 Oct. 2010, Shin S, ropes at 2.7 m depth ; 18 inds., Gampo , 19 Oct. 2010, Shin S, fish trap at 2.1 m depth ; 9 inds., Bangeojin , 20 Oct. 2010, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.2 m depth ; 6 inds., Jangsaengpo , 20 Oct. 2010, Lee T, dock wall at 2 m depth ; 17 inds., Daebyeon , 20 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, fish trap at 2.7 m depth ; 4 inds., Busan, 20 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, ropes at 2.1 m depth ; 23 inds., Dadaepo , 21 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, dock wall at 3 m depth ; 41 inds., Tongyeong , 21 Oct. 2010, Pyo J, fish trap at 3.3 m depth ; 4 inds., Daejin , 22 June 2011, Lee T, ropes at 2.3 m depth ; 36 inds., Guryoungpo , 24 June 2011, Shin S, ropes at 2.1 m depth ; 25 inds., Yangpo , 24 June 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 2.6 m depth ; 59 inds., Gampo , 24 June 2011, Shin S, thick cloth at 1.5 m depth ; 7 inds., Bangeojin , 25 June 2011, Lee T, ropes at 2.7 m depth ; 32 inds., Daebyeon , 25 June 2011, Pyo J, dock wall at 3 m depth ; 5 inds., Busan, 25 June 2011, Lee T, ropes at 2.3 m depth ; 18 inds., Dadaepo , 25 June 2011, Pyo J, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth ; 331 inds., Tongyeong , 26 June 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 3.3 m depth ; 14 inds., Gwangyang , 26 June 2011, Shin S, fish trap at 3.3 m depth ; 2 inds., Daejin , 16 Oct. 2011, Shin S, ropes at 1.9 m depth ; 5 inds., Geojin , 16 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 1.8 m depth ; 7 inds., Jumunjin , 17 Oct. 2011, Lee T, under floating dock at 0.1 m depth ; 4 inds., Sacheon , 17 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 2 m depth ; 2 inds., Gangneung , 17 Oct. 2011, Shin S, thick cloth at 2 m depth ; 1 inds., Ganggu , 18 Oct. 2011, Lee T, fish trap at 3.2 m depth ; 58 inds., Guryoungpo , 18 Oct. 2011, Lee T, dock wall at 3 m depth ; 27 inds., Yangpo , 18 Oct. 2011, Shin S, ropes at 2.1 m depth ; 86 inds., Gampo , 18 Oct. 2011, Lee T, thick cloth at 1.5 m depth ; 14 inds., Bangeojin , 19 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, ropes at 2.7 m depth ; 4 inds., Jangsaengpo , 19 Oct. 2011, Shin S, fish trap at 3 m depth ; 13 inds., Daebyeon , 19 Oct. 2011, Lee T, ropes at 2.8 m depth ; 8 inds., Songjeong , 19 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, under floating dock at 0.2 m depth ; 3 inds., Busan, 19 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, dock wall at 1.6 m depth ; 25 inds., Dadaepo , 19 Oct. 2011, Lee T, fish trap at 3.2 m depth ; 64 inds., Tongyeong , 20 Oct. 2011, Shin S, dock wall at 2.1 m depth ; 12 inds., Gwangyang , 20 Oct. 2011, Pyo J, fish trap at 3.2 m depth .

Distribution. Native all around the British Isles and reported in many part of the world. Northern Europe, part of Arctic regions, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Denmark, France, Atlantic Canada, New England, South Africa, Washington, California, Chile, South Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, China, Japan, and Korea (East Sea, Korea Strait, Jeju Island, Yellow Sea).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Five invasive alien ascidians at four collection sites in Korea: A, C. lepadiformis attached to dock wall at 4.7 m depth in Busan port; B, A. aspersa attached to ropes at Tongyeong yacht marina; C, C. intestinalis attached on thick cloth at Gampo harbor; D, M. manhattensis attached on floating buoy at Mokpo yacht marina; E, S. plicata attached to rope at Tongyeong yacht marina. Scale bars: A–E. 10 cm.