Eugenia acutata Miquel (1849: 535)

Giaretta, Augusto, Lucas, Eve & Sano, Paulo Takeo, 2021, Taxonomic monograph of Eugenia sect. Schizocalomyrtus (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), a group within Eugenia with unusual flowers, Phytotaxa 524 (3), pp. 135-177 : 142-144

1. Eugenia acutata Miquel (1849: 535) .

≡ Calycorectes acutatus (Miq.) Toledo (1945: 40) .

Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: ad Caldas, fl., s.d., Regnell 2-115 (lectotype designated here: P! [05156360]; isolectotypes: MEL [1540501- photo!], SP! [010821]). ( Figures 1B , 4 ).

= Calycorectes martianus O. Berg (1859: 596) , syn. nov. Eugenia martiana (O.Berg) Mattos (2005: 6) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: habitat prope Mandioca, fl., s.d., L. Riedel & Langsdorff s.n. (lectotype designated here: LE! [00004071]; isolectotype: P! [05229272]).

= Eugenia ademireana Mattos (2005: 6) , syn. nov. Calycorectes cucullatus Mattos (1989: 10) . Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Serra do Mar, na descida Jequitiba-Miracatu, fl., 20 September 1969, M. Kuhlmann s.n. (holotype: HAS; isotypes: FLOR, SP! [006200, 114160- herbarium number]).

= Eugenia ezechiasii Mattos (2005: 6) , syn. nov. Calycorectes heringerianus Mattos (1992: 1) . Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Preta, margem do rio Paraopeba, fl., 30 October 1957, E.P. Heringer s.n. (holotype: ICN; isotypes: IAC, NY [00906791-photo!], SP! [028149]).

= Eugenia fontellae Mattos (2005: 5) , syn. nov. Calycorectes fluminensis Mattos (1974: 1) . Type:— BRAZIL. [Rio de Janeiro]: Itatiaia, lote 70, fl., 20 November 1918, C. Pôrto 840 (holotype: RB! [00265662]; isotypes: HBR, M, SPF!).

= Eugenia plicata Niedenzu (1893: 91) , syn. nov. Stenocalyx riedelianus O. Berg (1857: 349) , non Eugenia riedeliana O. Berg (1857: 261) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: habitat prope praedium Mandiocca, fl., February [1823], Riedel s.n. (lectotype designated here: P [00602809-photo!]; isolectotypes: BR [000000526056-photo!, 0000005260560-photo!], G, LE).

= Eugenia springiana O. Berg (1856c: 229) . Eugenia laurifolia Spring ex Martius (1837 (2Beibl.): 82), nom. illeg., non (DC.) Roxburgh (1832, 2: 489), non Cambessèdes (1829 [1833]: 357), nom. illeg. Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: in ‘sylvis humilioribus (Caapoens) ad fluvium Capivary’, fl., 1836, Padre da Silva Manso 283 (lectotype designated here: BR [000000526064-photo!]).

Shrubs or trees 1.5 to 30 m tall. Young leaves with brownish trichomes up to 1 mm, matted, appressed, dense or sparse, glabrescent. Young twigs flattened or compressed, pubescent, glabrescent; bark longitudinally striate exfoliating in membranaceous sheets, glabrous. Leaves with petioles 5–10 × 1–1.5 mm, canaliculate adaxially, glabrous or puberulent, often darkish when dry; blades 5–12 × 2–4.5 cm, elliptic or narrow–elliptic, chartaceous, discolourous, sometimes concolourous when dry, glabrous but sometimes sparse–puberulent abaxially; base acute or cuneate; apex acuminate, 0.5–2 cm long, often attenuate; midvein canaliculate adaxially; secondary veins 11–22 in each side, slightly prominent on both surfaces, often indistinct; marginal veins two, the innermost 2–3 mm from the margin, the outermost 0.5–1 mm from the margin, often indistinct, margin slightly revolute; glandular dots indistinct adaxially, slightly prominent abaxially, concolourous or discolourous. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, auxotelic, often recovering vegetative growth; bracts 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, wide-ovate, puberulent or pubescent; rachis 3–30 mm long, flattened, pubescent; 1–4 pairs of flowers, rarely expressing 3–flowered dichasial arrangement, pedicels 10–30 × 1 mm, pubescent; up to one rachis per axil; bracteoles 3–6 × 0.5 mm, lanceolate, puberulent or pubescent, deciduous before anthesis. Flower buds 6–8 × 4.5–7 mm, obovate, marked by 6–10 glandular dots per mm², calyx lobes partially fused but free at the tip leaving an aperture of 1–4 mm diameter, tearing regularly at anthesis in 4 lobes, two unequal pairs, the outermost 4–6 × 3–5 mm, wide–ovate, the innermost 3–5 × 2.5–4.5 mm, wide–ovate, puberulent, dense on hypanthium, or pubescent outside, puberulent or pubescent inside; petals 4–7 × 4–7 mm, obovate or suborbiculate, glabrous; stamens straight in the bud, filaments up to 9 mm long, anthers 0.8–1 mm long, oblong; staminal whorls flat, 4.5 mm diameter, squared, slightly tearing at anthesis, puberulent; style 6–8 mm long, glabrous; ovary with (1)2–locules, 5–17 ovules per locule. Fruits 12–20 × 10–15 mm, ellipsoid, yellowish when ripe, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, crowned by the remnants of the regular calyx lobes; seeds 1–2.

Etymology:— The specific epithet likely refers to the shape of the leaf apex.

Distribution and habitat:— Eugenia acutata is widely distributed, occurring in Southern (Paraná), Southeastern (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo), Central-western (Goiás) and Northeastern Brazil (Bahia), known from several vegetation types in the Serra do Mar, Serra da Matiqueira, and Planalto Central, at elevations between 0 to 1100 m ( Figure 5 ). It is usually a tree distributed along the coastal lowland and slope forests, sometimes reaching the coast in shrubby vegetation on well-drained sandy soil, within Ombrophilous Dense Forest, and inland in dry, semi-deciduous forest on calcareous soil, or more often in savanna gallery forest on basaltic soil, both in the Cerrado. Eugenia acutata also rarely occurs in Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (with Araucaria ).

Phenology:— Flowers of Eugenia acutata have been collected from August to March and fruit from September to July ( Figure 6 ).

Conservation status:— Eugenia acutata occurs in seven protected areas (APA do Morro da Pedreira, APA do Carste de Lagoa Santa, APA Rios Piracicaba e Juquei-Mirim, APA Cabreúva, APA Serra do Mar, PES Furnas do Bom Jesus, PES Serra do Mar) and non-protected areas in well preserved and disturbed sites with EOO of 589,873 km ². Although not threatened regarding its entire distribution, populations in the northeast of the range are vulnerable to local extinction due to recurrent suppression of the coastal environments from urbanization. Populations in the extreme south of the species range occur in isolated remnants of Montane Mixed Forest. Thus, it is suggested that this species should be rated as Least Concern (LC).

Comments:— Five taxa are newly synonymised after examination of respective type collections and four lectotypes are designated. Eugenia acutata can be distinguished from other species of Eugenia sect. Schizocalomyrtus by the combination of the auxotelic inflorescence with one rachis per axis, highly variable in length, and often recovering vegetative growth (indicated by young leaves at the apex of the rachis), bracteoles lanceolate and flower partially fused, tearing regularly into four lobes (heterosepalous pattern). Eugenia acutata specimens with flowers arranged in dichasia can be confused with E. guanabarina but can be distinguished by the combination of 11-22 secondary veins (vs. 8-12) and calyx lobes tearing regularly in four lobes (vs. calyptra-like).

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Porto Seguro, 12 July 1988, fr., G. L . Farias 206 ( CEN!); próximo Subauma , 10 February 1980, fl. and fr., A. P . Araújo 236 ( HRB!, RB!) . Espírito Santo: Santa Leopoldina, 29 November 2007, fr., V . Demuner 4612 ( MBML!) . Goiás: Anápolis, Reserva do campus da Universidade Estadual de Goiás , 24 November 2007, fl., J.E.Q. Faria 245 ( UB!) . Caldas Novas, Parque Estadual Serra de Caldas Novas , 26 October 2009, fr., D.I. Junqueira 565 ( CEN!, UB!). Distrito Federal, 1 km após a entrada para a Colônia agrícola Ribeirão , Córrego do Ouro , 10 October 2001, fl., M . Carvalho-Silva 78 ( CEN!, SPF!). Ipameri, margem esquerda do rio Corumba , 300m a jusante da ponte São Bento, 19 March 1996, fl., G . Pereira-Silva 3530 ( CEN!, RB!, UB!). Padre Bernardo , margem da BR 414 , 17 March 2014, fr., J. E. Q . Faria 3949 ( UB!). Pirenópolis, 27 January 2011, fr., J. E. Q . Faria 1030 ( UB!) . Minas Gerais: 1838, fl., M . Claussen 740 ( P!); 1839, fl., M . Claussen s.n. ( G!); Brumadinho , Inhotim, 22 January 2008, fr., J. G . Oliveira 92 ( RB!). Cabeceira Grande , mata próxima ao túnel de fuga, 26 November 2012, fr., A. A . Santos 1653 ( CEN!). Felixlândia, Córrego Bagre , BR 040 , 8 September 2013, fr., R. G . Chacon 1243 ( JBB!). Lagoa Santa , APA de Lagoa Santa, 16 October 1995, fl., A. E . Brina s.n. ( MBM!, SP!). Lavras, defronte à entrada do Parque do Rio Bonito , estrada de Lavras-Luminárias km 8,5, 26 December 2002, fl., J . Chaddad-Jr. 152 ( ESA!); estrada para São João Del Rey, estrada para Serrinha , 3 km de asfalto, 25 December 2002, fr., J . Chaddad-Jr. 148 ( ESA!). Matozinhos, 3 December 2006, fr., G. C. T . Ceccantini 3039 ( SPF!); Lapa do Santo, fazenda Cauaia, 23 October 2006, fl., J. C. F . Melo Jr. 560 ( SPF!). Muriaé, fazenda Barra Alegre , 23 October 1989, fl., R . Simão-Bianchini 209 ( SPF!). Nazareno , 11 December 2011, fl., M . Sobral 14454 ( RB!, SP!). Pains , 28 October 2003, fr., P. H. A . Melo 920 ( SPF!). Palmital, área de encontro Ribeirão Jabuticaba e Rio Preto , 31 August 2001, fl., A. E . Ramos 1593 ( JBB!). Paraopeba, Estação Florestal , 5 February 1975, fr., E. P . Heringer 14377 ( UB!). Poços de Caldas , 7 December 1971, fl., J . Mattos 16387 ( SP!); estrada de Minas Gerais, 30 October 1981, fl., J. Y . Tamashiro 1647 ( ESA!, UEC!); ibid., fazenda Chiqueirão , 3 December 1981, fl., F. R . Martins 1611 ( ESA!, UEC!). Santana do Riacho , 25 February 1985, fr., P. M . Andrade 8730 ( MBM!); APA Morro da Pedreira, Pedra do Elefante , 14 October 2013, fl., M . Verdi 6538 ( RB!). São Roque de Minas , RPPN Cachoeira do Cerradão , 7 January 2008, fr., C . Proença 3476 ( ESA!, MBM!, UB!). Unaí, Garapuava , 26 November 2000, fl., L. C . Milhomens 22 ( UB!) . Paraná: Dois Vizinhos, foz do rio Chopim , 9 October 1974, fl., G . Hatschbach 35107 ( MBM!) . Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, 26 January 2015, fl. and fr., A . Giaretta 1460 ( SP!, SPF!); cultivada no arboreto do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, canteiro 8 B . Indiv: 1979, 7 April 1999, es., Coleta do Arboreto s.n. ( RB!) . São Paulo: estrada Valinho-Itatiba, 30 August 1997, fl., A. C . Siani s.n. ( RB!, SPF!). Águas da Prata , 9 November 1966, fl., J . Mattos 14211 ( SP!); Floresta Estadual , 9 November 1966, fl., J . Mattos 14182 ( SP!). Amparo, Monte Alegre, fazenda Nossa Senhora da Encarnação , 8 May 1942, fl. and fr., E . Kuehn 1189 ( SP!, UEC!). Campinas , 13 October 1977, fl., L. A. F . Mathes 275 ( RB!); 13 October 1977, fl., L. A. F . Mathes 293 ( RB!); 13 October 1977, fl., L. A. F . Mathes 295 ( RB!); 13 October 1977, fl., L. A. F . Mathes 468 ( RB!); 13 October 1977, fl., L. A. F . Mathes 654 ( RB!); 20 October 1977, fl., L. A. F . Mathes 19 ( RB!); 28 December 1977, fl., L. A. F . Mathes 21 ( RB!); 29 September 1977, fl., L. A. F . Mathes 7736 ( MBM!); 5 August 1977, es., L. A. F . Mathes 300 ( RB!); 7 November 1977, fl., L. A. F . Mathes 124 ( RB!); s.d., fl., C . Novaes 1144 ( SP!); Bosque dos Jequitibás, 1965, fr., H. M . Souza s.n. ( SP!); ibid., 20 November 1969, fl., H. M . Souza s.n. ( MBM!); Bosque São José , 22 October 1993, fl., D. A . Santin 33602 ( ESA!); Chácara Valinhos , 17 December, fl., A. C . Leonello s.n. ( RB!); mata da Fazenda ( Fragmento G2 ), 13 September 2001, es., K . Santos 4109 ( ESA!); Sousas , 22 October 1996, fl. and fr., K . Santos 106 ( SP!). Cássia dos Coqueiros, sítio Nossa Senhora do Carmo , 9 November 1994, fl., A. M. G. A . Tozzi s.n. ( SP!, SPF!, UEC!). Funil , s.d., fl., C . Novaes 1321 ( SP!). Helvetia , 10 November 1943, fl., D. Ildefonso s.n. ( SPSF!); 18 January 1945, fr., D. B. J . Pickel s.n. ( SPSF!); 4 November 1943, fl., D. B. J . Pickel s.n. ( SPSF!); 4 November 1946, fl., D. B. J . Pickel s.n. ( SPSF!). Iguape , 13 December 1990, fr., M. P . Costa 10 ( SP!), 27 October 1993, fl., L . Rossi 1346 ( SP!, SPSF!); Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins , 14 December 1992, fl., L . Rossi 1222 ( SP!, SPSF!); ibid., 12 December 1990, fl., I . Cordeiro 793 ( SP!); ibid., 14 December 1990, fr., M. P . Costa 28 ( SP!). Itapira, fazenda Malheiros , 12 January 1994, fr., K . D. Barreto 1778 ( ESA!, SP!). Jundiaí, Estação Experimental do IAC , 5 April 1995, fr., S. L. J . Mendaçolli 1416 ( SP!). Lindóia , estrada de ferro velho, 3 September 1994, fl., G. F . Arbocz 749 ( RB!, SP!). Martinho Prado, fazenda Campininha , 21 June 1988, fr., S . Romaniuc-Neto 1114 ( SP!). Mogi Guaçu , 28 December 1961, fr., J . Mattos 9633 ( SP!). Mogi Guaçu, Estação Experimental , 26 November 1976, fl., P. E . Gibbs 3554 ( MBM!, UB!, UEC!); Reserva Florestal , 14 October 1973, fl., J . Mattos 16322 ( SP!). Pedregulho, Parque Estadual Furna do Bom Jesus , 16 November 1997, fl., E. E . Macedo 276 ( SPSF!). Piracicaba, Estação Experimental de Tupi , 10 November 1998, fl., E . Giannotti s.n. ( SPSF!). Piracicaba, Estação Experimental Tupi , 10 November 1998, fl., E . Giannotti s.n. ( ESA!). Santo Antônio da Alegria , bairro do Baú, 10 November 1994, fl., A. M. G. A . Tozzi s.n. ( SP!, UEC!). São João da Boa Vista , estrada para Andradas, 12 October 2001, fl., P. L. R . Moraes 2494 ( ESA!). São Paulo, 3 January 1992, fr., B . Lopes s.n. ( SPSF!); área administrativa, Arboreto Bassoti , 27 October 2005, fl., M. N . Sakita s.n. ( ESA!, SPSF!); Horto Florestal , 14 December 1942, fr., D. B. J . Pickel s.n. ( SP!). São Vicente , Parque Estadual Xixová-Japuí, trilha da pedreira, primeiro acesso após o mirante, 17 August 2001, fl., J. A . Pastore 1073 ( ESA!). Serra Negra , alto da serra, 22 November 1991, fl., F . Barros 2357 ( MBM!, MBML!, SP!, SPF!); ibid., 22 November 1991, fl., F . Barros 2363 ( MBM!, SP!, SPSF!, UEC!). Sete Barras, fazenda Intervales , 10 November 1994, fr., V. B . Zipparro 818 ( SP!); Parque Estadual Intervales , 12 January 1999, fl., D. Sampaio 157 ( SP!, UEC!); ibid., 14 November 2000, fl., V. B . Zipparro 2024 ( SP!); ibid., 15 November 2000, fl., V. B . Zipparro 2029 ( SP!); ibid., 15 November 2000, fl., V. B . Zipparro 2031 ( SP!); ibid., 15 November 2000, fl., V. B . Zipparro 2032 ( SP!), 15 November 2000, fl., V. B . Zipparro 2034 ( SP!); ibid., 16 January 2001, fr., V. B . Zipparro 2059 ( SP!); ibid., 16 November 2000, fl., V. B . Zipparro 2036 ( SP!); Rio Preto , sítio do Manuel Português, 16 January 2004, fr., N. M . Ivanauskas 5020 ( RB!). Socorro , estrada das guabirobas, 8 October 1994, fl., G. F . Arbocz 891 ( ESA!, SP!). Ubatuba, Estação Experimental do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas , 18 December 1978, fr., A. F . Silva 9222 ( IBGE!). Valinhos, Estação Ecológica , 18 November 2002, fl., J. R . Guillaumon s.n. ( MBM!, SPSF!); ibid., 2 November 2003, fl., J. R . Guillaumon s.n. ( SPSF!); ibid., 6 October 2002, fl., J. R . Guillaumon s.n. ( MBM!, SPSF!); ibid., estrada dos fundos, borda da mata natural, 6 October 2002, fl., J. R . Guillaumon s.n. ( ESA!, SPSF!); Estação Experimental Valinhos ( IF), 6 October 1983, fl., S . Gandolfi 15618 ( IBGE!, INPA!). Vinhedo , 2 November 2002, fl., J. R . Guillaumon s.n. ( SPSF!); Condomínio Estância Marambaia , 15 September 2002, fl., J. R . Guillaumon s.n. ( SPSF!); ibid., 23 November 2003, fl., J. R . Guillaumon s.n. ( MBM!); rodovia Anhanguera , km 74, borda da mata, 13 January 2003, fl., J. R . Guillaumon s.n. ( ESA!) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Diversity of Eugenia sect. Schizocalomyrtus. A–B. Eugenia acutata. A. Auxotelic inflorescence undergoing a second phase of vegetative growth. B. Flowers at anthesis. C–D. Eugenia tenuipedunculata. C. Flowers. D. Immature fruits. E. Eugenia neoriedeliana. Flower opening via transversal tearing at the calyx base resulting in a calyptra-like structure. F. Eugenia guanabarina. Flowers opening via transversal tearing at the calyx base resulting in a calyptra-like structure (S) placed in opposition to a petal (P). G–H. Eugenia longohypanthiata. G. Flower bud tearing irregularly at anthesis. H. Immature fruits crowned by the remnant of the calyx lobes (S) and the hypanthium (H). (A–B: A. Giaretta 1460; C: J.E.Q. Faria 1000; D: A. Giaretta 1493; E: A. Giaretta 1489; F: A. Giaretta 1035; G: A. Giaretta 1500; H: A. Giaretta 1502). Photos by A. Giaretta, except C by J.E.Q. Faria.

FIGURE 4. Eugenia acutata. A. Leaf twig with opened flowers. B. Inflorescence with flowers bud. C. Fruits. (A: A.C. Leonello s.n.; B: M. Verdi 6538; C: N.M. Ivanauskas 5020).

FIGURE 5. Distribution of Eugenia acutata.

FIGURE 6. Frequency distribution (n) of flowering (black-line triangle) and fruiting (grey-filled triangle) stages based on herbarium material of Eugenia sect. Schizocalomyrtus.