Eusimulium, Roubaud, 1906

Belqat, Boutaïna, Adler, Peter H., Cherairia, Mouna & Boudghane-Bendiouis, Chafika Chaoui, 2018, Inventory of the Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of North Africa, Zootaxa 4442 (2), pp. 201-220 : 206-208

Subgenus EUSIMULIUM Roubaud, 1906

Tunisia: Clergue-Gazeau & Boumaiza (1986: 604–605, 606, 608, 610, 612): dichotomous key (as S. aureum group). Medjerda Basin: Boumaiza & Clergue-Gazeau (1986: 32–35): first record for Tunisia, (as S. aureum group), distribution map, ecology at breeding sites.

Libya: Crosskey & Ashford (1981: 650 footnote): adults discovered at a window in Gharina 90 km S of Tripoli (as S. (E.) aureum group).

Comment: The references above could not be assigned to a species or species complex within the subgenus Eusimulium .

Simulium (Eusimulium) angustipes Edwards, 1915

Morocco: Middle Atlas, High Atlas: Belqat et al. (2011: 49): inventoried with faunistic and bibliographical details.

Algeria: Tlemcen Mountains: Gagneur & Clergue-Gazeau (1988: 276–283): first record for Algeria, biogeography, ecology. Eastern and Western Algeria: Clergue-Gazeau et al. (1991: 56): listed but locality unspecified. Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis et al. (2012: 306): listed. Djurdjura Montains: Chaoui Boudghane- Bendiouis et al. (2012: 306): mistakenly listed as present (no record of this species exists for Djurdjura Mountains). Algiers, Batna, Biskra, and Bouïra Provinces: Edwards (1923: 650): recorded (as S. aureum ). Batna, Biskra, and Bouïra Provinces: Parrot (1949: 273–274): recorded (as S. aureum ). Algiers, Biskra Provinces: Belazzoug & Tabet-Derraz (1980: 107): listed (as S. aureum ). Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis (2016: 41–45): distribution.

Tunisia: Clergue-Gazeau et al. (1991: 54): listed but locality unspecified.

Comment: We suspect that at least some of the records of S. angustipes in North Africa actually pertain to the S. velutinum complex. Chromosomal investigation is needed.

Simulium (Eusimulium) mellah Giudicelli & Bouzidi, 2000 (in Giudicelli et al., 2000)

Morocco: Middle Atlas, High Atlas: Belqat et al. (2011: 49): inventoried with faunistic and bibliographical details. High Atlas: Adler et al. (2015: 276–277, 279–283, 286, 287): polytene chromosomes described.

Algeria: Tlemcen Mountains: Giudicelli et al. (2000: 63): first record for Algeria. Seybouse Basin: Cherairia et al. (2014: 169–121): ecology at breeding site, seasonal occurrence. Adler et al. (2015: 276–277, 279– 283, 286, 287): polytene chromosomes described. Cherairia (2015: 11 6–121, 167–168, 186): diagnosis, polytene chromosomes, ecology at breeding site, seasonal occurrence, distribution map, photographs of larvae. Tlemcen Mountains: Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis (2016: 43–45): distribution.

Comment: Chromosomal analyses corroborate the morphological evidence of species status for S. mellah , and indicate that it is the sister species of the S. rubzovianum – S. velutinum complex ( Adler et al. 2015).

Simulium (Eusimulium) petricolum ( Rivosecchi, 1963)

= Cytospecies ‘J’ Leonhardt, 1985

[latizonum: misidentification, Bailly-Choumara & Beaucournu-Saguez, 1978, 1981, not Rubtsov]

Morocco: Rif, High Atlas: Belqat et al. (2011: 49): inventoried with faunistic and bibliographical details. Adler et al. (2015: 279–281, 283, 287): polytene chromosomes described.

Algeria: Djurdjura Mountains: Lounaci et al. (2000a: 54): first record for Algeria. Chaoui Boudghane- Bendiouis (2016: 41–45): distribution.

Libya: Crosskey & Howard (1997: 32): listed but locality unspecified. Adler & Crosskey (2018: 42): inventoried.

Comment: Simulium petricolum is a widespread species in the Palearctic Region and, therefore, a good candidate for cryptic species. Some evidence for cryptic diversity is found in Morocco ( Adler et al. 2015), but additional samples from North Africa are needed.

Simulium (Eusimulium) rubzovianum (Sherban, 1961)

= latinum (Rubtsov, 1962) [Italy]

= Cytospecies ‘I’ Dunbar, 1966 [in Davies]/Leonhardt, 1985

= Cytospecies ‘1’ Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui & Belqat, 2015 [typical]

Cytoform ‘4’ Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui & Belqat, 2015 [Morocco]

Morocco: Adler & Crosskey (2018: 43): inventoried. Rif, High Atlas: Adler et al. (2015: 280–281, 283, 285 287, 288): polytene chromosomes described, cytoform ‘4’ recognized.

Algeria: Adler & Crosskey (2018: 43): inventoried. Guelma and Souk Ahras Provinces: Adler et al. (2015: 279, 283, 284, 287): polytene chromosomes described.

Tunisia: Adler & Crosskey (2018: 43): inventoried.

Libya: Crosskey (1988: 333): first record for Libya but locality unspecified (as S. velutinum ). Crosskey & Howard (1997: 33): listed but locality unspecified. Adler & Crosskey (2018: 43): inventoried.

Comment: Simulium rubzovianum was previously regarded as a synonym of S. velutinum until cytogenetic study demonstrated that it is a valid species and is present in Algeria (as cytospecies ‘1’, which is tentatively

considered conspecific with the type from Serbia) ( Adler et al. 2015). A similar cytoform, of unknown taxonmic status, inhabits Morocco and is temporarily referred to as cytoform ‘4’ of S. rubzovianum ( Adler et al. 2015) . Although the records of S. velutinum for Libya and Tunisia are not asignable to cytoform, they are included under S. rubzovianum , given the broad distribution of this species ( Adler & Crosskey 2018).

Simulium (Eusimulium) velutinum (Santos Abreu, 1922) (complex)

Morocco: Rif, Central Plateau , Middle Atlas, Haouz Plain, High Atlas, Anti Atlas: Belqat et al. (2011: 50): listed.

Algeria: Rivosecchi (1963: 209–210): first record from Algeria but locality unspecified (as S. latinum ). Eastern and Western Algeria: Clergue-Gazeau et al. (1991: 56): listed but locality unspecified. Djurdjura Mountains: Lounaci et al. (2000a: 54): recorded. Lounaci et al. (2000b: (126–127, 130, 133): occurrence, abundance, bionomics. Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis et al. (2012: 306): listed. Haouchine & Lounaci (2012: 141, 143, 149–150, 153): occurrence, abundance, bionomics. Tlemcen Mountains: Gagneur & Clergue-Gazeau (1988: 276–283): biogeography, ecology. Gagneur & Chaoui Boudghane (1991: 81): abundance, relation with hyporheic environment. Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis et al. (2012: 306–307): new collecting localities. Chaoui Boudghane- Bendiouis et al. (2014: 1017–1021): physical characterization of habitat, spatial distribution, microhabitat and microdistribution. Seybouse Basin: Cherairia (2015: 108–115, 167–176, 186): diagnosis, polytene chromosomes, distribution map, ecology at breeding sites, seasonal occurrence. Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis (2016: 23–25, 41– 45, 98–144): diagnosis, figures, distribution, biogeographic considerations, population structure.

Tunisia: Clergue-Gazeau & Boumaiza (1986: 604–605, 606, 608, 610, 612, 616–617, 618–619, 624–627, 630–635): dichotomous key, illustrations (as S. latinum ). Gagneur & Clergue-Gazeau (1988: 283): listed but locality unspecified. Clergue-Gazeau et al. (1991: 54): listed but locality unspecified. Bizert, Jendouba, and Nabeul Provinces: Bailly-Choumara et al. (1971: 379, 381): brief description of breeding sites (as S. latinum ). Medjerda Basin, Northwestern and Eastern Tunisia, Ichkeul Lake Hydrosystem, Southern Watercourses: Boumaiza & Clergue-Gazeau (1986: 32–35): distribution map, ecology at breeding sites (as S. latinum ).

Comment: The above references pertain to the S. velutinum complex, rather than to its individual species, which were not recognized before the cytogenetic study of Adler et al. (2015).

Simulium (Eusimulium) velutinum sensu stricto (Santos Abreu, 1922)

= Cytospecies ‘L’ Leonhardt, 1985

= Cytospecies ‘ 2’ Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui & Belqat, 2015 [typical]

Morocco: High Atlas: Adler et al. (2015: 279–280, 282–287): polytene chromosomes described.

Algeria: Seybouse Basin: Cherairia et al. (2014: 169–170): ecology at breeding sites, seasonal occurrence. Batna, Biskra, Guelma, and Souk Ahras Provinces: Adler et al. (2015: 279–280, 282–287): polytene chromosomes mapped. Cherairia (2015: 106–116): distribution map, photographs of specimens. Oued El Haï Basin: Arigue et al. (2016: 2842–2847): occurrence, abundance, physical characterization of habitat.

Comment: Cytogenetic study shows that S. velutinum sensu lato is a species complex; S. velutinum sensu stricto (= cytospecies ‘2’) has a restricted distribution, so far known only from the Canary Islands (type locality) and North Africa ( Adler et al. 2015).

Simulium (Eusimulium) velutinum (Santos Abreu, 1922) Cytospecies ‘3’

Algeria: Guelma and Souk Ahras Provinces: Adler et al. (2015: 280–283, 285–288): polytene chromosomes described, reproductive isolation demonstrated.

Comment: This cytoform is a distinct species requiring a formal name and description ( Adler et al. 2015).

Simulium (Eusimulium) velutinum (Santos Abreu, 1922) Cytospecies ‘5’

Morocco: Rif, High Atlas: Adler et al. (2015: 281–284, 286–288): polytene chromosomes described, reproductive isolation demonstrated.

Comment: This cytoform is a distinct species requiring a formal name and description ( Adler et al. 2015).