Nectamia viria, Fraser, 2008

Fraser, Thomas H., 2008, Cardinalfishes of the genus Nectamia (Apogonidae, Perciformes) from the Indo-Pacific region with descriptions of four new species, Zootaxa 1691 (1), pp. 1-52 : 41-44

Nectamia viria new species

Figures 3B , 6C , 7 , 16 , 18 and Tables 2–3, 10

Type material: Holotype Apogon viria USNM 319149 57.4 mm SL, Philippine Is., Sangay Siapo Is., 5–15 feet, 20 May 1988, Sta. EM 88-9, E. Menez and party, x-ray. Paratypes; USMN 344935 (136, 18– 58 mm SL), same data as the holotype . Paratypes ROM 54324; (14, 41–53); Cebu, Similon I., Rohol Straits; RW87-37; 21 May 1987; 4–8m.

Additional material: West Pacific Ocean: Indonesia: Banda Sea: USNM 263249 ; (22, 52–72); Banda Is., Naira I.; VGS 74-9; 8 Mar. 1974 . USNM 213111 ; (9, 16–47); Banda Is., Naira I.; VGS 74-4; 7 Mar. 1974 . USNM 210960 ; (23, 28–60); Nusa Laut; 16 Jan 1973 ; Rumphius Exp. I, Sta. NU-1. USNM 339756 ; (1, 42) and USNM 341624 ; (23, 37–72); Ambon; 14 Mar 1974 ; VGS 74-13. USNM 261140 ; (4, 15–24). Kai Ids., 5°31'36"S, 132°17'48"E ; USNM 210492 ; (5, 44–57); Poka, Ambon I.; 22–23 Jan. 1973 , Rumphius Exp. 1, Sta. AB-1; VGS 73-18. Java Sea: USNM 213116 ; (348, 10–49); Pulau Seribu; 4 Apr 1974 ; VGS 74-31. USNM 213117 ; (15, 15–21); Pulau Seribu; 4 Apr 1974 ; VGS 74-32. USNM 209695 ; (2, 26–29) and USNM 213184 ; (3, 26–29); Ceram, Tandjung Liang; 10 Jan 1973 ; Rumphius Exp 1, Sta Li-1; VGS 73-6. Malaysia: Sabah: USNM 213341 ; (104, 25–53); Darvel Bay ; 2 Feb. 1965 ; Te Vega Cr 6 Sta. 216. Philippines: ANSP 174730 ; (18, 28–51); CMP-P; Nov 1917 . ANSP 77366 ; (2, 31–51); CMP-P; Nov 1917 . CAS 49608; (32, 36– 56); Layia , Luzon I.; 28 Jun 1948 . SU 69752 ; (13, 18-32); Sitankay, Sibutu Is.; 9 Aug 1931 . ROM 79171; 1(51); Negros Oriental, Siquijor; RW87-20; 14 May 1987 ; 8– 15m. ROM 79169; 1(48); Negros Oriental, Siquijor I.; RW 87-20; 9 May 1987 . SU 69753 ; (5, 43–50); Sitankay, Sibutu Is.; A.W. Herre; 7 Jan 1937 . USNM 268271 ; (4, 36–62); Marinduque I.; 24 Apr. 1908 . USNM 153237 (A.23559, 23560); (9, 46–53); Romblon I.; 26 Mar 1908 . USNM 171380 ; (3, 26–49); Palawan I.; 11 Apr. 1909 . USMN 341619 ; (7, 32–52); Palawan Is., Bararin I., SP 78-20; 23 May 1978 . USNM 261137 ; (27, 8–21); Pan de Azucar I., 10°57'48"N, 121°13'32"E . USNM 261135 ; (8, 9–24); Cuyo I . USNM 341627 ; (8, 39–54); Pamilikan I., 9°29' 20"N, 123°55'00"E; SP 78-43; 12 June 1978 . USNM 261139 ; (37, 9–21); eastern Negros I. 9°4'00"N, 123°8'48"E . USNM 268256 ; (ca. 250, 17–68); Negros Oriental, Siquijor I.; LK 79-15, 15 May 1979 . USNM 268260 ; (3, 50–62); Mindanao, Zamboanga del Norte; LK 79-9; 4 May 1979 . USNM 329214 ; (9, 16–53); Mindanao, Zamboanga del Norte; LK 79-10; 4 May 1979 . USNM 268257 ;(ca. 100, 15–70); Mindanao, Zamboanga del Norte; LK 79-7; 3 May 1979 . USNM 261149 ; (8, 50–61); Negros I., south tip; SP 78-11; 13 May 1978 . USNM 314515 ; (85, 12–51); Sibutu I.; EM 88-6; 26 May 1988 . USNM 319152 ; (16, 15–44); Sibutu I.; EM 88-7; 27 May 1988 . SU 38147 ; (10, 18–60); Jolo I., Sulu Is.; 16 Sep 1940 . USNM 112177 (A.8695); (1, 48); Jolo I.; 19 Sep. 1909 . USNM 171376 ; (2, 37–46); Tonquil I.; 14 Sep. 1909 . Papua New Guinea: USNM 341633 ; (8, 14–42); Hermit I.; VGS 78-19; 4 Nov. 1978 . USNM 341613 ; (3, 51–53); Hermit Is., Amot I.; VGS 78-10; 30 Oct. 1978 . USNM 261156 ; (10, 38–53); Louisade Arch., Panapompom I.; BBC-1693, 15 June 1979 . USNM 213181 ; (7, 37–57); Madang Harbor; 26 May 1970 ; BBC-1488 & 1490. USNM 213182 ; (6, 43– 50); Madang, S. end Belian I; 22 May 1970 ; BBC 1478. USNM 268271 ; (4, 36–50); Kranket I.; VGS 78-22; 7 Nov. 1978 . USNM 296841 ; (1, 42); Nagada Harbour; SGP 87-17; 8 Apr. 1987 . Bismark Archipelago: USNM 213183 ; (6, 32–41); Rabaul, New Britain; 28 Feb 1965 ; Te Vega Cr. 6, Sta. 236. USNM 268264 ; (29, 27–39); Keraward I, Duke of Kirk Gp. ; 25 Feb 1965 ; Te Vega Cr. 6, Sta. 234. New Caledonia: ROM 65765; (3, 59–63); Recif Mbere , 22°20'30"S 166°14'45"E; RW 91-19; 11 Sep 1991 ; 3– 6 m. ROM 65772; (1, 59); Recif Laregnere , 22°20'00"S 166°17'50"E; RW 91-13; 6 Sep 1991 ; 0– 9 m. ROM 65798; (2, 56–67); Recif Laregnere , 22°20'00"S 166°17'50"E; RW 91-12; 6 Sep 1991 ; 8– 11 m. ROM 65810; (16, 44–67); Isle Nge , 22°19' 40"S 166°18'20"E; RW 91-11; 5 Sep 1991 ; 5– 6 m. ROM 65812; (1, 62); Isle Nge , 22°19' 40"S 166°18'20"E; RW 91-11; 5 Sep 1991 ; 5– 6 m. ROM 65929; (1, 57); Isle Te Ndu , 22°18'30"S 166°17'00"E; RW 91-3; 30 Aug 1991 ; 3– 6 m. ROM 65931; (4, 36–55); Ua , 22°42'30"S 166°48'20"E; RW 91-22; 12 Sep 1991 ; 0– 11 m. ROM 65932; (1, 61); Isle de Crouy , 22°21'00"S 166°21'00"E; RW 91-29; 16 Sep 1991 ; 3– 6 m. USNM 324821 ; (1, 58); Noumea, 22°48'30"S 166°27'24"N; 7 Nov 1991 ; JTW 91-1. Australia: Queensland: ANSP 123338 ; (27, 21–54); Little Hope Island ; TSA-18; 17 Jan 1969 . ANSP 123400 ; (2, 51–57); Endeavour Reef; TSA-4; 5 Jan 1969 . ANSP 174729 ; (17, 21–30); Endeavour Reef; TSA-17; 16 Jan 1969 . ROM 39806; (1, 50); Eagle I.; RW 81-11; 19 Sep 1981 . ROM 39820; (2, 54–59); Yonge Reef ; RW 81-10, 18 Sep 1981 . ROM 44266; (2, 55–64); Escape Reef ; ER 81-32; 6 Nov 1981 . One Tree I.: USNM 213126 ; (4, 53–69) , USNM 213127 ; (8, 51–60); 25 Nov. 1966 ; VGS 66-8. USNM 213128 (1, 49), 213129; (7, 44–65); VGS 66- 14; 1 Dec. 1966 . WAM P24725; (3, 41–58); Lizard I; 9 May 1974 . Palau Islands: CAS 84050 ; GVF 529 ; (3, 30–42); Iwayama Bay ; 22 July 1955 ; Sta. 30. CAS 98026 ; GVF 1414 ; (5, 52–53); Between Malakal and Auluptagel; 7 Oct. 1957 ; Sta. 57-36. CAS 82657 ; GVF 536 ; (7, 31–53); between Peleliu & Ngedebus; 25 July 1955 ; Sta. 37. CAS 84062 ; GVF 1829 ; (5, 28–44); Babelthaup I; 23 June 1958 ; Sta. 58-1. CAS 98027 ; GVF 1415 ; (4, 46–50); Auluptagel I.; 9 Oct 1957 ; Sta. 57-37 CAS 98025 ; GVF 754 ; (2, 25–32); Iwayama Bay , Auluptagel I . SU 29157 ; (5, 19–59); 12–18 Oct 1933 . CAS 95834; (1, 38); Malakal I.; 19 May 1997 ; photograph. Yap I.: CAS 84066 ; GVF 1910 ; (31–58); 16 Dec 1959 ; Sta. 87. CAS 84095 ; GVF 1935 ; (5, 34–52); 6 Jan 1960 . Ifaluk Atoll: CAS 82653 ; GVF 221 ; (2, 57–70); 16 May 1960 . Pohnpei: CAS 98024 ; GVF 493 ; (3, 37–39); 4 Oct 1954 . Solomon Islands: ROM 42942; (2, 18–29); Guadalcanal, Honiara; 4 May 1987 ; 21 m. SU 25143 ; (3, 46–55); Ugi I.; 10 Apr 1929 . USNM 358404 ; (1, 22); Santa Cruz Is, Lomlom I; 15 Sep 1998 ; SOL 98-3. Vanuatu: 12 May 1997 ; Espiritu Santo Island, W. of Luganville , 15°31'30"S 167°09'32"E; 0– 5 m. Fiji.: ROM 43264; (1, 35); Great Astrolabe Reef ; WE 83-37; 2 Apr 1983 .

*= holotype

Diagnosis. A Nectamia with one dark saddle on body below the second dorsal fin, caudal peduncle with a complete dark wide bar, connected dorsally and ventrally caudal fin without dark margins, subocular mark, thin and triangular (Tab. 2, Fig. 13 ), 13 pectoral-fin rays; total gill rakers usually 25–28 ( Tab. 10); body depth 44–47%, caudal-peduncle depth 17–19%, second anal-spine length 16–18%, and pectoral-fin length 26–29% of standard length (Tab 3).

Description. For general body shape see Figure 16 . Range of proportions (as percentage of standard length) in Table 3 with paratypes and non-type material in parentheses.

Dorsal fin VII(I)–I,9; anal fin II,8; pectoral-fin 13-13; pelvic fin I,5; principal caudal rays 9+8; pored lateral-line scales 24; transverse scale rows above lateral line 2; transverse scale rows below lateral line 6; median predorsal scales 2; circumpeduncular scale rows 12 as 5+2+5; total gill rakers 26 (24–29), well developed 25 (23–29), upper arch 1+5 (0-2+5-6), lower arch 20+0 (18-20+0-1), second arch with shorter gill rakers 3+18.

Villiform teeth in several rows on the premaxilla; two rows on the dentary; one row on the palatine and vomer; none on ectopterygoid, endopterygoid or basihyal.

Vertebrae 10+14. Five free hypurals, one pair of slender uroneurals, three epurals, a free parhypural. Three supraneurals, two supernumerary spines on first dorsal pterygiophore. Basisphenoid present. Supramaxilla absent. Posttemporal serrate on posterior margin. Preopercle serrate on vertical and horizontal margins. Infraorbital shelf present on third bone.

Scales ctenoid on cheek, subopercle, opercle (except posterior scale cycloid), nape, isthmus, base and behind pectoral fin, base of pelvic fin with two large ctenoid scales. No axillary scale, large scale with ventral edge bent. Pored lateral-line scales complete, fourth scale with one pore above and one pore below main pore ( Fig. 4B ).

Etymology. from the Latin viria meaning bracelet and refers to the band around the caudal peduncle. Treated as a noun in apposition.

Life colors. See Figure 6C . Head, body and fins without stripes; head with dark narrow triangular cheek mark from eye to angle of preopercle, lachrymal and anterior infraorbital with yellowish mark, iris brownish with white inner ring; head and body bronze to brownish background occasionally with a few faint pale bars, saddle under second dorsal fin; caudal peduncle with a complete dark caudal-peduncle mark, the bar less intense below pored lateral-line scales, pale region just anterior to peduncle mark not reaching to posterior base of second dorsal fin but reaching anal fin; first and second dorsal fins uniform dusky, pectoral pelvic and caudal fins pale. Kuiter and Kozawa (1999) provide four of underwater photographs of this species (p. 33, A– C, E) identified as Apogon bandanensis ..

Preserved color pattern. Holotype: Head with faint dark mark on lachrymal and anterior infraorbitals, well-defined dark, angular cheek mark ending in a broad point at edge of preopercular ridge, no other markings on head; body without alternating darker bars and well-defined lighter bars from opercular flap to near posterior origin of second dorsal fin, caudal peduncle with a wide lighter bar followed by a complete darkish bar of nearly uniform intensity, darkish dorsal saddle under second dorsal, saddle not apparent under first dor- sal fin; first dorsal fin dusky, second dorsal fin, anal fin and pelvic fins dusky to pale, pectoral fins pale, caudal fin uniform darkish ( Fig. 16 ); roof of mouth and upper gill arches pale, without numerous scattered melanophores; stomach and intestine blackish. Juveniles: similar to the adults.

Distribution. Known from Indonesia, Philippines, Australia and out to Fiji ( Fig. 7 ).

Remarks. Specimens from the Fiji, the Coral Sea and Banda Island have higher gill-raker counts than those from the Philippines, Sabah and Seribu Island ( Tab. 10, Fig 7 ). Material from Ambon, Nusa Laut and Pulau Banda, all in the Banda Sea, about 158 km apart had specimens with differing counts ( Fig. 7 , Tab. 10). No other differences were noted. This species has a similar dark caudal band and a bright white band just anteriorly similar to the caudal-peduncle pattern of Nectamia annularis . These two species differ in the shape of the cheek mark, narrower in Nectamia viria , and the presence of a saddle below the second dorsal fin in N. viria .

This species has been taken at stations with one or more of the following species: Nectamia fusca (USMN 341625, ANSP 123440), N. luxuria (ANSP 77377, USNM 112132, 169727, 213158, 213159, 341617, 341620, 341621, 341626, 341629), N. savayensis (USNM 213113, 261151, 262189, 329215, 341627) and N. similis (CAS 62656, USNM 261024, 344947). One 65mm SL specimen contained eggs in the mouth and four other specimens has buccal enlargement (USNM 263249). The largest of 1607 specimens was 72 mm SL.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Semi-diagrammatic drawings of the fourth lateral line scales from left side of body showing variation in the number of external peripheral pores. A. Nectamia fusca scale removed from body, USNM 139811, 60.2 mm SL. B. Nectamia viria, holotype USNM 319149, 57.4 mm SL, scale on body. C. Nectamia similus, holotype USNM 213123, 44.0 mm SL, scale on body. D. Ostorhinchus fleurieu, USNM 213216, 63 mm SL, scale on body. E. Nectamia luxuria, holotype, USNM 209644, 59.1 mm SL scale on body. F. Nectamia ignitops, holotype BPBM 21897, 68.1 mm SL, scale on body. Scale = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 4. Comparison of the scales at the base of the pelvic spine for A. Nectamia fusca without an axillary scale, USNM 139811, 60.2 mm SL and B. Ostorhinchus fleurieu with an axillary scale, USNM 191794, 42.3 mm SL.

FIGURE 6. Underwater photographs of eight species of Nectamia. A. N. similis, new species, Calamian Is., Philippines, G. R. Allen. B. N. luxuria, new species, Andaman Sea, Thailand, U. Satapoomin. C. N. viria, new species, Raj Ampat, Indonesia, R. F. Myers. D. N. zebrinus, Red Sea, Egypt. R. F. Myers. E. N. annularis, Red Sea, Sudan, J. E. Randall. F. N. savayensis, Solomon Sea, Bougainville I., J. E. Randall G. N. bandanensis, Ogasawara Is., Japan, J. E. Randall. H. N. fusca, Red Sea, R. H. Kuiter.

FIGURE 7. Distribution of the material examined for Nectamia annularis and N. viria with regional total gill raker averages.

FIGURE 13. The distribution of collection sites for Nectamia zebrinus () N. savayensis with regional total gill raker averages.

FIGURE 16. Apogon viria, holotype, USNM 319149, 57.4 mm SL, Philippine Is., Sangay Siapo I., 28 May 1988, 1.5– 4.5 m, Philippine Expedition, EM 88-9.

FIGURE 18. A hypothesis for phylogenetic relationships within Nectamia based characteristics in Tables 12 and 13. One of six best trees retained based on a heuristic search using parsimony was identical to the 50% majority rule consensus of 6664 trees. All 11 characters of equal weight were parsimony-informative. Holapogon maximus was used as an outgroup.