Nectamia fusca ( Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 )

Fraser, Thomas H., 2008, Cardinalfishes of the genus Nectamia (Apogonidae, Perciformes) from the Indo-Pacific region with descriptions of four new species, Zootaxa 1691 (1), pp. 1-52 : 15-23

Nectamia fusca ( Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)

Figures 1A , 2C&D , 3A , 4A , 5 , 6H , 9, 18 and Tables 2–3, 5

Synonyms: Apogon fuscus Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 , Western Pacific, Guam. Apogon guamensis Valenciennes, 1832 , Western Pacific, Guam. Apogon nubilus Garman, 1903 Western Pacific, Fiji, Suva reef. Apogon ocellatus Fourmanoir and Crosnier, 1964 Indian Ocean , Madagascar I., Nosy-Bè, Ambatoloaka. Ostorhynchus spongicolus Smith, 1965 . Red Sea, Ethiopia.

Type material. Neotype Apogon fuscus MNHN 8682; 52.5 mm SL, 69.9 mm total length; Guam L. de Freycinet, 1817–1820 (one of three spec., 52.0–58.0, largest with tag) . Syntypes Apogon guamensis MNHN 8767 4(22.2–56.0); Guam; Quoy and Gaimard; 1826–1829 . Holotype Apogon nubilus MCZ 28315 (53.6); Fiji, Suva reef; 12 Dec. 1897 . Syntypes Apogon ocellatus MNHN 1973 –40 2(20.1–20.3); Madagascar I., Nosy-Bè, Ambatoloaka. Holotype Ostorhynchus spongicolus SAIAB 354 (17.0); Red Sea ; Ethiopia; x-ray . Paratypes SAIAB 441 ; 2(15.7); Red Sea ; Ethiopia; x-ray . SAIAB 774 ; (22,1); Kenya, Shimoni ; Nov.1952; x-ray .

Additional material. Red Sea: Israel: Gulf of Aqaba. SAIAB 3278 (1, 57); USNM 212876 ; (5, 64–75); USNM 212875 ; (5, 47–63); USNM 212874 ; (3, 52–64); USNM 212878 ; (7, 59–71); USNM 191707 ; (4, 21– 28); Eilat; USNM 212873 ; (1, 67); USNM 212877 ; (12, 16–66) Muqabila ; Egypt: SMF 19891; Sinai; (7, 15– 28); Oct 1973 . USNM 212883 ; (10, 39–69); Strait of Jubal , 0– 5m. USMN 212884 ; (1, 31); Strait of Jubal , S. end of Sinai Peninsula. BPBM 18346 ; (1, 33); Râs Muhammed; 19 Sep. 1974 . USNM 213617 ; (57, 32–71); 27°18'50"N, 33°47'35"E ; 0– 5m. USNM 212879 ; (6, 23–66). USNM 212880 ; (46, 33–68). USMN 212884 ; (1, 31); Harghada; USNM 212885 ; (1, 32); Ghardaqa; USNM 147519 ; (28, 53–68); NW edge Shaib Al Zanadir Reef . Saudi Arabia: Jidda. USNM 191658 ; (3, 48–55); USNM 147523 ; (15, 12–66); USNM 112046 ; (12, 33–65); USNM 212886 ; (3, 40–65); USNM 163808 ; (1, 11); USNM 147524 ; (7, 37–60) . Ethiopia: Sharm Ubhar : USNM 212881 ; (9, 49–60); N. end of Isola Delemme. USNM 212882 ; (1, 49); naval base, Massawa. Indian Ocean : Kenya: SAIAB 3280 ; (1, 48). SAIAB 3269 ; (1, 68); Shimoni. SAIAB 3277 (3, 23–31); Mombasa. BPBM 27212 ; (1, 69); NE of Mombasa; 15 March 1979 . Zanzibar: SAIAB 3271 (2, 48–53); x-ray. SAIAB 3273 (1, 37); x-ray. SAIAB 3281 (3, 62–66); x-ray . Tanzania: SMF 4762 ; (1, 31); Mikindani Bay ; 1909/10 . Mozambique: SAIAB 3272 (1, 33); Cabo Delgado; x-ray. SAIAB 3274 (1, 42) and 3276 (1, 33); Pinda Reef; x-ray. SAIAB 3275 (1, 47); Mozambique I.;x-ray . Madagascar: USNM 212886 ; (7, 10–22); Nossi-Bé. USNM 212889 ; (2, 16–19); Nossi Be; 18 Jan 1964 . USNM 212888 ; (5, 10–23); Nossi Be; 3 Jan 1964 . Comoro Is. : USNM 212887 ; (5, 12–21); Pamanzi I . Maldive Is. : CAS 35379; (170, 24–71); Male Atoll, Hulele I.; 8 Nov 1964 . CAS 56679; (2, 43–51); Male Atoll, Hulele I.; 8 Nov 1964 ; Te Vega 64–5. FMNH 75710 ; (11, 27–65); Addu Atoll; 10 May 1964 ; LPW-40. FMNH 75659 and 75664; (51, 9–63); Fadiffolu Atoll; 24 Mar 1964 ; LPW-27. FMNH 75654 ; (9, 17–65); S. Male Atoll; 18 Mar 1964 ; LPW-24. FMNH 75705 ; (8, 30–36); Addu Atoll; 8 May 1964 . SMF 4751 ; (19, 30–53); Rasdu Atoll, W. Weligandu I. 13 Mar 1958 . SMF 4763 ; (1, 43); Addu Atoll, Hittadu I.; 6 Jan 1958 . India: FMNH 75599 ; (5, 20–73) Gulf of Mannar ; 30 Dec 1963 ; LPW-3. FMNH 75617 ; (2, 59–71); Gulf of Mannar , Musal tivu; 7 Jan 1964 ; LPW-5. Cocos-Keeling Islands : ANSP 128422 ; (13, 16–61); Direction I; 29 March 1974 , Sta. 65 . Thailand: ROM 70830; 2(67.2–73.0); Phuket, 7°74'02"N 98°24'45"E; 14 Mar 1997 . ROM 71512; 15(10–27); Phuket, 7°36'31"N 98°22'28"E; RW 93–14; 16 Nov 1993 . Indonesia: USNM 212858 ; (3, 47–59); Sumatra, 00°01'45''S, 98°31' 15''E; 0– 1 m.; 25 November 1963 . Savu Sea : UF 18358 ; (14, 29–66); Flores I . Australia: Timor Sea : CAS 84078; (5, 31–38); Ashmore I.; 3 Jan. 1973 . Pacific Ocean : South China Sea: Thailand: Gulf of Thailand ; CAS 84106; GVF 2185 ; (1, 81); Chumpon Prov.; 17 May 1960 ; Sta. 168. CAS 84020; GVF 2169 ; (1, 52) Koh Samet I.; 22 April 1960 ; Sta. 152. CAS 84039; GVF 1572 ; (2, 24–37); Koh Samet I.; 19 December 1957 ; Sta. 114. CAS 84003; GVF 2039 ; (1, 52); Koh Kra; 26 January 1960 ; Sta. 28. CAS 84540; GVF 2172 ; (1, 52); Khorn Aho Bay ; 24 Apr 1960 . Vietnam: CAS 84097; GVF 2789 ; (5, 42–58); Hon Mieu I.; 31 January 1961 ; Sta. 514. CAS 84054; GVF 2074 ; (3, 52–72); Nha Trang ; 24 February 1960 ; Sta. 58. CAS 84091; GVF 2796 ; (39,43–69); 2.8 mi. SSW of Nha Trang; 4 February 1961 ; Sta. 60-521. CAS 84087; GVF 2116 ; (7, 48–78); Bay of Nha Trang ; 14 March 1960 ; Sta. 60–99. CAS 95980; GVF 2113 ; (4, 54–60); Ilot du Sud; 10 Mar 1960 . China: Hong Kong: CAS 84046; GVF 1748 ; (76, 21–75); Pratas Reef; 23 May 1958 ; Sta. HK 71. CAS 95977; GVF 1745 ; (1, 58); Pratas Reef; 23 May 1958 ; Sta. HK 68 . Taiwan: USNM 212845 ; (2, 13–57); Ta Fa Lieh; 27 May 1975 . USNM 212846 ; (7, 42–74); Tan-Oz-Wan; 26 Dec 1969 . USNM 212847 ; (3, 42–43); Mao Bi Tou; 17 Dec 1969 . Indonesia: FMNH 22036 ; (1, 25); Waigeo I; June 1929 . SU 26650 ; (1, 44); Waigeo I.; 6 June 1929 . Java Sea : CAS 35691; (1, 51); Java, N. of Jakarta, Pulau Edam; 20 Dec. 1975 . Molucca Sea; SMF 954–955 (2, 57–60) Ternate; 1894. MNHN 8697 (1, 56); Ternate ; Bleeker Coll. USNM 112062 (A24079); (1, 36); Moluccas, Tomahu I.; Albatross; 11 Dec 1908 . SU 30017 ; (8, 40–67); Sangir Is., Sangi I.; 24 June 1929 ; A.W. Herre. Ceram Sea: USNM 261141 ; (9, 11–24);off Misool I . Philippines: USNM 112057 (A14428); (1, 69); Luzon I., Cubat; Albatross; 23 Jun 1909 . USNM 112056 (A23813); (1, 68); Luzon I., Biri Channel; Albatross; 2 Jun 1909 . USNM 112197 ; (1, 60); Romblon Harbor; 25 Mar 1908 . USNM 298560 ; (5, 31–63); Bantanes , 21°21'05" N. 121°55'14"E.; 31 May 1985 . USNM 298657 ; (1, 23); Bantanes , Batan I.; GDJ 87-14; 2 May 1987 . USNM 261153 ; (7, 14–58); Siquijor I.; SP 78-5; 10 May 1978 . USNM 112060 (A23236); (1, 53); Tataan, Simaluc I.; Albatross; 20 Feb 1908 . USNM 112053 (A18397); (1, 73); Cebu Mkt.; Albatross; 4 Apr 1908 . USNM 112054 ( A 23219 -21); (3, 63–71); Mindinao I., Opal; Albatross; 4 Aug 1909 . USNM 112052 (A6041-2); (2, 62–72); Tuminado I.; Albatross; 26 Feb 1908 . Sulawesi Sea : SU 27355 ; (6, 34–77); Jolo, Sulu I.; 1 Aug 1931 . SU 33480 ; (9, 50–64); Sulu I.; 7 Jan. 1937 . SU 27356 ; (4, 19–73); Sulu I; 9 Aug 1931 . USNM 112051 (A5310-12, 23701); (4, 62–75); Jolo I.; Albatross; 6–7 Mar 1908 . Samar Sea : USNM 341630 ; (2, 65–74); Pangasinan; 14 Feb. 1980 . USNM 341631 ; (4, 62– 72); Pangasinan; 14 Feb. 1980 . Sulu Sea: ANSP 174727 ; (2, 56–57); Sibutu Island ; 27 Apr 1926 . CAS 98020; (37, 27–65); Layia, Luzon I.; 28 Jun 1948 . CAS 53326; (4, 19–82); Dumaguete, Negros I.,; 10 Jul 1948 . SU 33474 ; (27, 24–61); Dumaguete. CAS 84034; GVF 1614 ; (1, 63); Negros I; 20 Dec 1936 . SU 27354 ; (16, 16–32); Negros I; June 1931 ; Herre Philippine Exp. A.W. Herre; USNM 261134 ; (27, 11–22); S. tip of Negros I. USNM 261138 ; (55, 9–54); S. end Negros I. USNM 112050 ; (2, 35–65); N. Balabac Strait; 28 July 1958 ; Sta. 74. SU 27357 ; (14, 25–37); Zamboanga, Mindanao; 29 July 1931 ; A.W. Herre. USNM 112055 (A23637); (1, 65); Mindanao I., Murcielagos B.; Albatross; 21 Aug 1909 . Philippine Sea : USNM 112058 (A23272); (1, 48); Samar I., Ft Palapag; Albatross; 2 Jun 1909 . SU 40603 ; (1, 64); Samar I.; 10 Apr 1945 ; R. Annereaux coll. Papua New Guinea: USNM 341632 ; (1, 44); Bougainville I.; TeVega Cr. 6; 19 Oct. 1984 . Coral Sea : USNM 261143 , (11, 39–80). Lolorna I, Port Moresby. USNM 341625 ; (6, 32–68); Louisade Arch., Panapompom I.; BBC-1693, 15 June 1979 . Australia: Coral Sea: ANSP 123319 ; (2, 27–27); Big Hope Island ; TSA-34; 27 Jan 1969 . Endeavour Reef : ANSP 123377 ; (3, 19–24); TSA-13; 13 Jan 1969 . ANSP 123348 ; (1, 19);TSA-12; 13 Jan 1969 . ANSP 123440 ; (5, 25–61); TSA-17; 16 Jan 1969 . CAS 28511; (2, 41– 42); Wharton Reef; 9 October 1960 ; SI0-61-132; CAS 28519; (1, 60); Flinders I; May 1966 ; SI0 69-222; USNM 212868 ; (10, 47–74). One Tree I.: ANSP 135401 ; (7, 31–45); DFH 72-79; 5 Oct 1972 . BPBM 14421 ; (2, 34–64); USNM 212867 , (1, 32); USNM 212871 , (2, 46–75); USNM 212869 ; (38, 36–73); USNM 212870 ; (34, 43–77); USNM 213125 ; (1, 60); BBC 1407. USNM 177036 ; (10, 36–52). Green I, near Cairns . New Caledonia: Coral Sea : BPBM 33703 ; (4, 38–72); Îles Chesterfield, Ilot du Mouillage; color largest; 28 Aug. 1988 . BPBM 33532 ; (2, 54–60); Color smaller; Îles Chesterfield; 6– 9m.; 20 Aug. 1988 . Solomon Sea : Trobri- and I.: USNM 212843 ; (1, 28). USNM 213232 ; (1, 41); 11 Jun 1970 . Bismark Archipelago : USNM 261142 ; (9, 16–23); Umboi I., 6°41'54"S, 147°53'48"E . Solomon Islands: FMNH 22031 ; (1, 63); Ugi I; 10 Apr. 1929 ; Crane Pacific Exp. BPBM 15628 ; (1, 45); Florida I.; 21 July 1973 . Santa Cruz Islands : CAS 84103; GVF 1817 ; (1, 44); Vanikoro I.; 1 Oct. 1958 ; Sta. HK138. USNM 357434 ; (2, 44–66); 10°17'S 166°18'30"E; 15 Sep 1998 ; 0–1.5 m. Tonga Islands : USMN 341610 ; (4, 42–47); JTW 93-16; 2Nov. 1993 . Ryukyu Islands: USNM 72562 ; (8, 18–42); Luchu I., Naha, Okinawa ; Albatross. USNM 132681 ; (1, 39). USNM 212854 ; (1, 46); 22 Nov 1964 . USNM 212855 ; (8, 41–70) ; Caroline Islands: Palau: Angaur I.: CAS 84089; GVF 1425 ; (60, 25–73); 22 Oct 1957 ; Sta. 45. CAS 84014; GVF 1423 ; (2, 27–46); 21 Oct. 1957 ; Sta. 43. MCZ 29742; (4, 24–33);1862. CAS 84105; GVF 947 ; (1, 33); Kayangel I; 8 Oct 1956 ; Sta. 161. CAS 4019 ; GVF 762 ; (3, 35– 43); Eil Malk Lagoon; 27 Oct. 1955 ; Sta. 252. CAS 84096; GVF 902 ; (2, 28–30); Peleliu I.; 19 Sept. 1956 ; Sta. 116. CAS 84102; GVF 1852 ; (1, 53); Aurapushekaru I.; 20 Jan 1959 ; Sta. 24. CAS 84027; GVF 798 ; (3, 44–51); Auluptagel I.; 8 July 1956 ; Sta. 12. CAS 84017; GVF 1399 ; (1, 22); Chol I; 23 Sept. 1957 ; Sta. 21. CAS 95979; GVF 1829 ; (1, 29); Babelthaup I.; 23 Jun 1958 ; Sta 58-1. CAS 84101; GVF 1865 ; (1, 53); Ngercheu I.; 4 Mar 1959 . CAS uncat.; (4, 19–49); 12–18 Oct 1933 . Kapingamarangi Atoll : CAS 84021; (6 spec); 1°3'27"N; 154°46'52"E; GVF 338 ; 12 Jul 1954 . CAS 84032; GVF 462 ; (58, 10–30); 16 Aug 1954 ; Sta. 159. CAS 84008; GVF 317 ; (12, 29–49); 1 July 1954 ; Sta. 14. CAS 84030; GVF 352 ; (2, 33–34). CAS 84036; GVF 354 ; (13, 10–57). CAS 84037; GVF 386 ; (25, 10–48). CAS 84040; GVF 367 ; (10, 32–56). CAS 95970; GVF 475 ; (3, 27–31). CAS 95973; GVF 446 ; (6, 24–39); Yap I.: CAS 84099; GVF 1918 ; (11, 29–63); 23 Dec 1959 ; Sta. 95. CAS 84011; GVF 1923 ; (1, 51); 28 Dec 1959 ; Sta. 100. CAS 84042; GVF 1907 ; (4, 42–69); 13 Dec 1959 ; Sta. 84. CAS 84093; GVF 1919 ; (21, 39–70); 24 Dec 1959 ; Sta. 96. Pohnpei : CAS 84098; GVF 496 ; (6, 16–50); Na I.; 6 Oct. 1954 ; Sta. 193. CAS 95978; GVF 492 ; (15, 16–55); 1 Oct. 1954 ; Sta. 189. CAS 95971; GVF 499 ; (7, 17–26); 8 Oct. 1954 ; Sta. 196. Ifalik Atoll: CAS 84104; GVF 122 ; (8, 31–54); 13 Sept. 1953 ; Sta. 1. CAS 84009; GVF 133 ; (1, 40); 23 Sept. 1953 ; Sta. 12. CAS 84100; GVF 249 ; (16, 22–38); 26 Oct. 1953 ; Sta. 128. CAS 83796; GVF 262 ; (3, 52–59); 28 Oct. 1953 ; Sta. 141. CAS 95972; GVF 185 ; (7, 26– 63); 8 Oct. 1953 ; Sta. 64. SU 29513 ; (2, 33–47). Rug I .; A.P. Landon coll. Kosrae: MCZ 29503; (1, 23) . Marshall Islands: Arno Atoll: USNM 166597 ; (3, 21–38). Bikar Atoll : USNM 212848 ; (3, 39–43). Bikini Atoll: ANSP 91322 ; (1, 48); Namu I.; 3 Apr 1946 . FMNH 60021 ; (9, 43–70); Bikini I.; 22 Mar. 1946 . USNM 112352 ; (10, 19–72); Romuk I.; x-ray. USNM 112351 ; (20, 45–65); 1 Apr 1946 . USNM 112353 ; (5, 49–68); 17 Apr 1946 . USNM 166597 ; (2, 32–36); 22 Jun 1950 . Enewetak Atoll: BPBM 8860 ; (1, 50); 2 Jan. 1970 . FMNH 60022 ; (3, 58–67); Aaraanbiru I; 3 June 1946 . UF 42278 (12, 16–71). USNM 112347 ; (121, 15– 72); Jul 1950 . USNM 112348 ; 52 spec; S-56-197; 1 Jul 1946; (1, 62.3) cleared & stained. Kwajalein Atoll USNM 212851 ; (1, 40); 8 Nov 1964 . Likep Atoll: USNM 152947 ; (1, 59); 20 Aug 1949 . Rongelap Atoll: FMNH 60023 ; (9, 17–39); Naen I.; 30 July 1946 . USNM 112350 ; (17, 23–66); 19 Jun 1946 ; x-ray. Rongerik Atoll: USNM 112349 ; (3, 28–61); 14 Aug 1947 . Mariana Islands: Guam: ANSP 174728 ; (3, 36–48); AS 00- G-6-1; 1 Jun 1900 . BPBM 97 ; (1, 70). 14 Jun 1900 . SU 19280 ; (2, 29–36); 15 Aug 1952 . CAS 84007; (1, 44), CAS 95974; GVF 1839 ; (9, 26–44); 10 Oct 1958 ; Sta. 11. CAS 84088; GVF 1842 ; (12, 25–57); 19 Oct. 1958 ; Sta. 14. CAS 84018; GVF 1840 ; (26, 71); 12 Oct. 1958 ; Sta. 12. CAS 84090; GVF 1859 ; (96, 15–55); 7 Apr. 1959 ; Sta. 31. CAS 84086; GVF 1874 ; (45, 10–60); 26 Apr. 1959 ; Sta. 46. CAS 84035; GVF 1845 ; (1, 32); 9 Jan. 1959 ; Sta. 17. CAS 84026; GVF 1045 ; (2, 28–34); 1956; Sta. 248. USNM 139811 ; (41, 24–66); 26 Nov 1945 . USNM 154243 ; (31, 18–66). UF 117138; (1, 47); 1995. USNM 124024 ; (7, 17–27); 7Jul 1945 . USNM 124135 ; (1, 55); 20 May 1945 . USNM 212856 ; (13, 56–89); N. end of Tumon Bay . USNM 139799 ; (3, 17– 22); 12 Nov 1945 . UGM 4183 ; (1, 43); North of NCS beach, HK0105; 5 Nov. 1967 ; UGM 4716 ; (12, 18–58); Tumon Bay , Reef Flat; 14 July 1970 ; UGM 1420 ; (1, 66.4); Togcha Bay , GFW-117; 27 Oct. 1964 ; UGM 1433 ; (1, 68.1) Togcha Bay , GFW-116; 27 Oct. 1964 . Saipan : ANSP 119642 ; (6, 23–41); SAI 1-47; 24 Jul 1954 . ANSP 119418 ; (1, 40); SAI 17-49; 27Aug 1954 . ANSP 152653 ; (1, 65); SAI 1-25; 18 Oct 1953 . ANSP 152626 ; (8, 39–79); SAI 1-48; Aug 1954 . ANSP 152649 ; (4, 39–48); SAI 1-48; Aug 1954 . ANSP 152622 ; (12, 41–77); SAI 1-48; Aug 1954 . ANSP 152632 ; (9, 44–73); SAI 1-48; Aug 1954 . ANSP 152657 ; (1, 74); SAI 17-49; 27 Aug 1954 . SU 29156 ; (4, 27–53); 7 Dec. 1933 ; A.W. Herre. CAS 84103 GVF 789 ; (1, 55); 16 June 1956 ; Sta. 3. USNM 123828 ; (3, 20–31) Jun 1945 . USNM 150008 ; (20, 20–33); 19 Dec 1948 . USNM 154242 ; (2, 43–51); Jul 1949 . Tinian : SU 29158 ; (74, 20–67); Tinian I.; 17 June 1956 ; Sta. 4. FMNH 47315 ; (10, 32–48); 7 Oct 1933 . Samoan Islands : American Samoa; Tutuila: Pago Pago : ANSP 51490 ; (14, 30– 49); CFS17 -PP-S; 1917. ANSP 51504 ; (5, 32–49); 17-4-5-PP; 5 Apr 1917 . CAS 82687; (4, 61–66); Pago Pago; 14 Nov 1946 . SU 67429 ; (18, 20–56); 1902. USNM 112048 ; (11, 22–60); U.S. Fish Tag 04608. USNM 114973 ; (3, 40–63); 3 Jun 1939 . USNM 212836 ; (3, 21–55); 19 Aug 1963 . USNM 212837 ; (1, 35) . Western Samoa: Upolu: Apia : ANSP 151657 ; (8, 24–47); DSJ-APIA. CAS 95981; (out of IUM 10894); (5, 23–51); 1902. MCZ 50056; (7, 22–61); 1902; U.S. Fish tag 06556. USNM 112047 ; (11, 26–58); 1902. USNM 11966 ; (3, 23–46); 1902. USNM 212838 ; (4, 27–44); 1902 . Fiji: ANSP 89299 ; (1, 24); Che 33-F-2; Feb 1933 . CAS 220972 ; (1, 65); Budd Reef , Mbeka I., 16°30.444'S, 179°40.571'W; G03-54; 22 May 2003 ; 1.2 m. Nukulau I.: CAS 218295 ; (4, 13–26); 18°10.726'S, 178°30.799'E; G02-17; 28 Jan 2002 ; 0.1 m. FMNH 22007-028 ; (22, 25–54); 15 Mar 1929 ; A.W. Herre; Crane Pacific Exp. ; SU 24934 ; (19, 20–41); 16 Mar 1929 ; A.W. Herre (Crane Pacific Exp). Viti Levu : CAS 7452 ; (1, 57); Suva; Mar. 1932 ; W. Cassin coll. CAS 218010 ; (1, 38); off Suva , 18°10.399'S, 178°25.277'E; G02-50; 10 Feb 2002 . CAS 218012 ; (16, 19–43); off Suva , 18°11.227'S, 178°31.040'E; G02-04; 23 Jan 2002 ; 1.2–1.5 m. CAS 218014 ; 5, (15–33); off Suva , 18°11.227'S, 178°31.040'E; G02-03; 23 Jan 2002 ; 1 m. Vanau Balavu: CAS 223741 ; (6, 24–61); Balavu Harbor , 17°11.212'S, 179°00.095'W; G02-03; 8 Jan 2003 . Rotuma: USNM 288051 ; (7, 32–58); VGS 86-3; 8 May 1986 . USNM 212872 ; (2, 27–27); 12°30'00"S; 177°00'00"E . Vanuatu: ANSP 85882 ; (1, 55); Efate. ANSP 91561 ; (1, 31); Anelganket ; ML53 -AA; 1953. FMNH 22030 ; (1, 53); Malo I.; 30 Mar. 1929 . SU 25089 ; (2, 49–56), Malo I.; 30 Mar. 1929 . FMNH 22029 ; (1, 55); Vila, Efate; 27 Mar. 1929 ; Crane Pacific Exp. SU

25001; (2, 41, 53); Vila, Efate ; 27 Mar. 1929; A.W. Herre coll. BPBM 5782 ; (2, 52–58) ; Efate ; 25 Nov. 1964. Kiribati: Phoenix Islands: USNM 167316 ; (5, 37–82) ; Onotoa I; 2 Dec. 1954. USNM 114972 ; (76, 36–62) ; USNM 114975 ; 14(42–64); Kanton I. Lagoon. USNM 114974 ; (47, 8–42) ; Hull I.; 8–12 Jul 1932. USNM 114975 ; (14, 43–64) ; Kanton I. Lagoon ; 25–26 May 1939. USNM 179689 ; (1, 29) ; Kanton I.; 26 May 1939. Tokelau Islands: USNM 212840 ; (28, 12–28) ; Atafu I.; 27 May 1975. USNM 212839 ; (2, 56–57) ; Fakaofo Atoll.

Diagnosis. A Nectamia with a few faint or no pale bars on body, basicaudal spot diffuse in adults, caudal fin without dark margins, subocular mark narrow, linear (Tab. 2); usually 13 pectoral-fin rays; total gill rakers usually 24–28, 25– 28 in the Indian Ocean and 24–27 in the Pacific Ocean ( Tab. 5); body depth 37–42%, caudal-peduncle depth 15–18%, second anal-spine length 15–17%, and pectoral-fin length 24–26% of standard length (Tab. 3).

Description. For general body shape see Table 3 for range of proportions (as percentage of standard length) with the neotype first and additional material in parentheses.

Dorsal fin VII(I)–I,9 ( Fig.1A ); anal fin II,8; pectoral-fin rays usually 13-13, rarely 14-13; pelvic fin I,5; principal caudal rays 9+8; pored lateral-line scales 24; transverse scale rows above lateral line 2; transverse scale rows below lateral line 5(5–6); median predorsal scales 3–4; circumpeduncular scale rows 12 as 5+2+5; total gill rakers 27 (23–29), well developed 25(20–25), upper arch 2+4 (1-3+4-6), lower arch 20+0 (17-20+0- 1), second arch with shorter robust gill rakers 4+18 ( Fig2. C and D ).

Villiform teeth in several rows on the premaxilla; two rows on the dentary; one row on the palatine and vomer; none on ectopterygoid, endopterygoid or basihyal.

Vertebrae 10+14. Five free hypurals, one pair of slender uroneurals, three epurals, a free parhypural. Three supraneurals, two supernumerary spines on first dorsal pterygiophore. Basisphenoid present. Supramaxilla absent. Posttemporal serrate on posterior margin. Preopercle serrate on vertical and horizontal margins. Infraorbital shelf present on third bone. Scales ctenoid on cheek, subopercle, opercle, nape, isthmus, cycloid on base of pectoral fin and ctenoid behind pectoral fin and rest of body. Pored lateral-line scales complete, simple with single pores extending above and below main canal ( Fig. 4A ). No axillary scale at base of pelvic spine ( Fig 3A ). Two large ctenoid scales on base of pelvic fins.

Cephalic lateralis pores mostly minipores ( Fig. 5 ), a terminal lachrymal pore, a pair of ventral lachrymal pores, an anterior dentary and mental pores, terminal end of supraorbital canal with a large pore near anterior nare, lateral margin of supraorbital canal near posterior nare small, lateral margin of supraorbital canal midway on interorbit with small pores, simple postorbital canal projections with minipores, anterior margin of supratemporal canal smooth, posterior supratemporal canal margin with complex projections and minipores, lateral margin of mandibular canal with many minipores, a small posterior articular pore.

Life colors. See Figure 6H . Kuiter and Kozawa (1999) provide a number of underwater photographs (p. 32, A–E) identified as Apogon guamensis . Their Apogon species 16 (p33, A–B) may be this species. Fowler and Bean (1930, p. 44) gave field color notes recorded by others for Albatross specimens USNM 112060 (A23236) and USNM 112168 (A232337) however two species were involved ( Nectamia fusca and N. savayensis ). Head, body and fins without stripes; head with dark narrow cheek mark to near angle of preopercle, lachrymal and anterior infraorbital with yellowish mark, iris yellowish with white inner ring; head and body bronze to brownish background sometimes with faint lighter bars; caudal peduncle with a diffuse basicaudal spot mostly above pored lateral-line scales, more intense and discrete in young and juveniles; first dorsal fin with dusky membranes between spines II–IV, second dorsal, pectoral, pelvic anal and caudal fins pale.

Preserved color pattern. Adults (Tab. 2): narrow, linear subocular cheek mark behind upper jaw; first dorsal fin with dark membrane between spines 1–4; edges of caudal lobes plain; caudal peduncle with a diffuse spot of variable intensity; pale bars, usually four or fewer, occasionally present on body from below the first dorsal fin and behind the pectoral fin to just behind the ends of the second dorsal fin base and anal fin base, bars extend above the lateral-line scales starting about the second dorsal fin; no dark saddle under the first or second dorsal fin; stomach and intestine black; roof of mouth pale to scattered tiny melanophores not extending onto gill arches. Juveniles: similar to the adults except basicaudal mark more intense and spot-like.

* = neotype

Distribution. Known from the Red Sea, Indian Ocean (except the Seychelles, Chagos Archipelago, Cargados Carajos, Mauritius, Reunion and Rodrigues) and throughout the West Pacific to the Tonga Islands, Samoa, Phoenix and Marshall Islands ( Fig. 9).

Status of Apogon fuscus . Quoy and Gaimard described Apogon fuscus collected at Guam in 1824 during the expedition of L. de Freycinet from the 1817–1820 voyage around the world by the Uranie and Physicienne.

No type material was listed by Bauchot and Desoutter (1987) for Apogon fuscus at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Their discussion about additional type material of Apogon guamensis for the material in MNHN 8682, collected at Guam during the 1817–1820 expedition was inconclusive. One specimen in MNHN 8682 is about 69 mm total length, the other two are 70 and 75mm total length. All specimens are identified here as conspecific with Apogon guamensis in agreement with Bauchot and Desoutter. A single specimen, about 2.5 inches (~ 68 mm) total length, was mentioned by Quoy and Gaimard in their description of Apogon fuscus . The 52.5 mm SL specimen in MNHN 8682 is almost identical in total length. This specimen is treated as the neotype for Apogon fuscus . It may have been the basis of the original description, but its status as the holotype cannot be determined. Curiously, this earlier description and material was not discussed by Valenciennes when describing Apogon guamensis in 1832 from the expedition of J. Dumont d’ Urville of 1826–1829, also from Guam.

The description generally fits any of three species known from collected material to inhabit the waters of Guam. These species are: Nectamia fusca , N. savayensis , N. bandanensis The species most commonly collected over time from Guam has been N. fusca . The other two species are relatively rare in collections from Guam, but may have been more abundant in the past. One other new species, Nectamia luxuria should occur at Guam because it has been found at Yap and Saipan.

Historical use of Apogon fuscus has been inconsistent. Jordan and Seale (1906) erroneous identified and illustrated a six-spined species as Amia fusca . Later, when Jordan (1917) erected Nectamia as a genus based on Apogon fuscus , he briefly described the species as “...differs from the type of the genus in the long and rounded caudal fin, attached to a long caudal peduncle as long as head. It has large scales and six dorsal spines.”. Kuiter and Kozawa (1999, p. 43) identify a similar six-spined species and appear to have followed Jordan and Seale. Quoy and Gaimard (1824) clearly described a seven-spined species “La première dorsale a sept aiguillons; la seconde, un seul, et dix rayons branchus...”. Fowler and Bean (1930) treated the species a valid seven-spined species, but in another group with fewer gill rakers, stripes along the base of the dorsal fins from the nape and just above the eye to upper surface of the caudal peduncle and a small basicaudal spot. Apogon fuscus was not used or discussed by Lachner (1951). Apogon fuscus has been used more frequently since 1990 (see Eschmeyer et al. 2007). Greenfield (2001) concluded that Jordan and Seales’ use of the name was a misidentification as was Kuiter and Kozawa’s use. The illustration by Jordan and Seale (1906, p. 244, fig.38) is a new species of Apogon , A. seminigracaudus Greenfield (2007) .

Nectamia is based on Apogon fuscus , and without fixing the generic name, its use as a genus or subgenus would have an uncertain status. Gon (1987) fixed a species name for the poorly described genus Ostorhinchus Lacépède, 1801 , as a cardinalfish, Ostorhinchus fleurieu . This genus was the senior synonym for the species including Nectamia . Apogon aureus , a close relative of A. fleurieu ( Randall et al. 1990) , and N. fusca , as Apogon guamensis , were not associated in the same broad clade recognized by Mabuchi et al. (2006, figs. 2 and 3). Apogon fucus is treated as the senior synonym of Apogon guamensis , an unavoidable disruption of existing usage. Nectamia is treated as a valid genus.

Remarks. This species has an unusual distribution in the Indian Ocean, not reaching islands on the Mascarene Plateau. Slight geographic differences in the gill-raker counts occur for the major oceans and data reported here extends Lachner’s (1951) observation about Red Sea material to the western Indian Ocean for a slightly higher number of gill rakers. The range and frequency of gill rakers appear to be slightly lower in the Indonesian-Philippine region. No clear differences were observed in the preserved color patterns or from color underwater slides to suggest that two species may exist. Nectamia fusca is a slender species with a uniquely narrow, oblique cheek mark below the eye, slightly shorter pectoral-fin length, well-developed caudal spot in juvenile becoming diffuse in adults unlike the other eight species.

This species has been collected at stations with one or more of the following species: Nectamia savayensis (ANSP 85880, 98137) and N. luxuria (CAS 28505, 52558, FMNH 22032, USNM 52432). A number of specimens were found with buccal enlargement: eggs present for USNM 212868, 1 specimen, 68 mm SL, no eggs were present (USNM 112046, 112197, 147524, 212845, 212858, 212846, 212868, 167316 and CAS 53326, 84020, 84054, 84087, 84091). Apogon ocellatus and Apogon spongicolus are juvenile specimens of Nectamia fusca . The largest of 2285 specimens was 80 mm SL.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Mid-dorsal fin bones and spine associated with the sixth proximal-medial element. (A) Nectamia fusca, USNM 112348, 62.3 mm SL, connection between the first and second dorsal-fin elements with a free sixth distal radial and tiny eighth dorsal spine. (B) Ostorhinchus fleurieu, USNM 171272, 79.1 mm SL, connection between the first and second dorsal-fin elements with a fused distal radial to the seventh proximal-medial element and absence of an eighth dorsal spine. Scale = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 2. Gill rakers and rudiments on second arch. Ostorhinchus fleurieu, USNM 171272, 79.1 mm SL, (A) hypobranchial, dorsal view, (B) ceratobranchial, lateral view. Nectamia fusca, USNM 112348, 62.3 mm SL (C) hypobranchial, dorsal view, (D) ceratobranchial, lateral view. Scale = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 3. Semi-diagrammatic drawings of the fourth lateral line scales from left side of body showing variation in the number of external peripheral pores. A. Nectamia fusca scale removed from body, USNM 139811, 60.2 mm SL. B. Nectamia viria, holotype USNM 319149, 57.4 mm SL, scale on body. C. Nectamia similus, holotype USNM 213123, 44.0 mm SL, scale on body. D. Ostorhinchus fleurieu, USNM 213216, 63 mm SL, scale on body. E. Nectamia luxuria, holotype, USNM 209644, 59.1 mm SL scale on body. F. Nectamia ignitops, holotype BPBM 21897, 68.1 mm SL, scale on body. Scale = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 4. Comparison of the scales at the base of the pelvic spine for A. Nectamia fusca without an axillary scale, USNM 139811, 60.2 mm SL and B. Ostorhinchus fleurieu with an axillary scale, USNM 191794, 42.3 mm SL.

FIGURE 5. Semi-diagrammatic pattern of cephalic lateralis pores for Nectamia fusca, USNM 139811, 60.2 mm SL, Guam. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. d. last dentary/anticular pore. n. anterior and posterior nares. e. posttemporal.

FIGURE 6. Underwater photographs of eight species of Nectamia. A. N. similis, new species, Calamian Is., Philippines, G. R. Allen. B. N. luxuria, new species, Andaman Sea, Thailand, U. Satapoomin. C. N. viria, new species, Raj Ampat, Indonesia, R. F. Myers. D. N. zebrinus, Red Sea, Egypt. R. F. Myers. E. N. annularis, Red Sea, Sudan, J. E. Randall. F. N. savayensis, Solomon Sea, Bougainville I., J. E. Randall G. N. bandanensis, Ogasawara Is., Japan, J. E. Randall. H. N. fusca, Red Sea, R. H. Kuiter.

FIGURE 18. A hypothesis for phylogenetic relationships within Nectamia based characteristics in Tables 12 and 13. One of six best trees retained based on a heuristic search using parsimony was identical to the 50% majority rule consensus of 6664 trees. All 11 characters of equal weight were parsimony-informative. Holapogon maximus was used as an outgroup.