Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes, 1828)
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.26028/cybium/2015-393-001 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13613619 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487A7-771D-FFD3-3131-F8C1FF1BDB7D |
treatment provided by |
Felipe (2024-08-07 16:01:25, last updated 2024-08-30 12:53:12) |
scientific name |
Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes, 1828) |
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Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes, 1828) View in CoL , creole-fish
Material examined. – MMF44365 View Materials , one post-spawning male, 340 mm TL, 264 mm SL, old dike of Arinaga, 27°51’N 15°23’W, 6-8 m, 16 Apr. 2015, rocky substrate ( Fig. 2C View Figure 2 ) GoogleMaps . MMF44490 View Materials , one post-spawning male, 352 mm TL, 279 mm SL, dike Reina Sofía, 28°07’N 15°24’W, 15 m over a bottom of 24 m of depth, 11 May 2015, rocks GoogleMaps .
Sightings and catches. – Four times, n = 27: dike Reina Sofía, 12-15 m over a bottom of 21 m of depth, rocky breakwater; off La Isleta, 28°10’N 15°24’W, 19–20 m, rocks; old dike of Arinaga, 6-8 m, rocky substrate ( Fig. 3 View Figure 3 ).
Remarks. – A tropical and subtropical reef-associated species ( Heemstra and Randall, 1993), living between 8 and 100 m of depth ( Lieske and Myers, 1994), usually at 10-66 m ( Randall, 1996). Inhabits coral reefs and hard bottom areas. Observed in feeding aggregations above reefs. Feeds mainly in midwater on zooplankton (copepods, pelagic tunicates, shrimps and shrimp larvae) ( Heemstra and Randall, 1993; Lieske and Myers, 1994). Paranthias Guichenot, 1868 is a unique genus of groupers that have a small mouth [with a more protrusible upper jaw than in other groupers], small teeth, numerous [long] gill rakers, fusiform body, and deeply forked caudal fin – all representing departures from the typical grouper morphology, and all specializations for feeding in mid-water on zooplankton ( Randall, 1967). Paranthias feed mainly on small planktonic animals that are picked individually from the water, and their shortened snout (compared to other groupers), which facilitates close-range binocular vision, is thus another specialization for this type of plankton feeding ( Heemstra and Randall, 1993). Maximum length published is 300 mm SL. It seems to be primarily a western Atlantic species, distributed from Bermuda and south Florida, USA to São Paulo, Brazil ( Heemstra and Randall, 1993). In the mid-Atlantic: Ascension Island ( Cadenat and Marchal, 1963; Wirtz et al., 2014). In the East Atlantic: known from the Gulf of Guinea islands of Annobón, São Tomé and Príncipe ( Osório, 1893; Wirtz et al., 2007) and Bioko ( Wirtz et al., 2007).
This is the first record for P. furcifer from the Canary Islands.
CADENAT J. & MARCHAL E., 1963. - Poissons. In: Resultats des campagnes oceanographiques de la Reine-Pokou aux iles Sainte-Helene et Ascension. Bull. IFAN (A) Sci. Nat., 25: 1235 - 1315, 51 unnumbered pls.
HEEMSTRA P. C. & RANDALL J. E., 1993. - FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop., 125 (16): 1 - 382.
LIESKE E. & MYERS R., 1994. - Collins Pocket Guide. Coral Reef Fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. 400 p. London: Haper Collins Publish.
OSORIO B., 1893. - Estudos ichtyologicos acerca da fauna dos dominios portugueses na Africa, 3 ª nota: Peixes maritimos das ilhas de S. Thome, do Principe e ilheo das Rolas. (continuacao). J. Sci. Math., Phys. Nat., 2 ª ser., 3 (10): 136 - 140.
RANDALL J. E., 1967. - Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr., 5: 665 - 847.
RANDALL J. E., 1996. - Caribbean Reef Fishes. 3 rd edit., 368 p. Hong Kong: TFH Publish.
WIRTZ P., FERREIRA C. E. L., FLOETER S. R., FRICKE R., GASPARINI J. L., IWAMOTO T., ROCHA L., SAMPAIO C. L. S. & SCHLIEWEN U. K., 2007. - Coastal fishes of Sao Tome and Principe islands, Gulf of Guinea (eastern Atlantic Ocean) - an update. Zootaxa, 1523: 1 - 48.
WIRTZ P., BINGEMAN J., BINGEMAN J., FRICKE R., HOOK T. J. & YOUNG J., 2014. - The fishes of Ascension Island, central Atlantic Ocean - new records and an annotated checklist. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K.: 16 p (First View Article).
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