Anisacanthus quadrifidus (Vahl) Nees

Daniel, Thomas F., García-Morales, Leccinum J. & Mora-Olivo, Arturo, 2021, Taxonomic and Photographic Guide to the Acanthaceae of Tamaulipas, Mexico, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 67 (6), pp. 185-228 : 194

Anisacanthus quadrifidus (Vahl) Nees

PHENOLOGY.— Flowering: May–October; fruiting: May–September.

DISTRIBUTION.— U.S.A. (Tex.), Mexico (Ags., Coah., Gto., Hgo., Jal., Méx., N.L., Oax., Pue., Qro., S.L.P., Tamps., Ver., Zac.).

HABITAT.— “Matorral alto subinerme,” mesophytic montane forest transitioning to low forest, pine-oak forest, mixed conifer forest, pine forest, sometimes on limestone.

ELEVATION.— 320–2000 meters.

NOTES.— Plants from Tamaulipas pertain to A. quadrifidus var. potosinus Henrickson and var. wrightii (Torr.) Henrickson. Henrickson (1986) discussed and described this species ( Fig. 1A ), its infraspecific taxa, and intermediates among the varieties recognized. Synonyms of A. quadrifidus include A. wrightii (Torr.) A. Gray.

REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS.— La Vegonia, vic. of San José, H. Bartlett 10526 ( DS, F, LL, US) ; Sierra de San Carlos , La Tamaulipeca, vic. of San Miguel, H. Bartlett 10670 (F, US) ; 16 km NW of Mex. 101 at Palmillas , on rd. to Miquihuana, D. Breedlove & B. Anderson 63412 ( CAS) ; 33 km N of Tula along Mex. 101, D. Breedlove & B. Anderson 63595 ( CAS); Mpio. Miquihuana: Cañón del Soldado, J. Galarza 3 (MEXU-image, MO), M. Yañez 914 ( MO); Mpio. Victoria, KM 1 Cañón del Novillo, L. García-Morales 1572 ( ITCV); Mpio. Victoria, Libramiento Naciones Unidas , N de Cd. Victoria, L. García-Morales 2546 ( ITCV); Mpio. Jaumave, KM 18 camino La Florida – Ávila y Urbina, L. García-Morales 3460 ( ITCV); ca. 27 air km WNW of Jaumave , 25–35 km SW of Miquihuana on rd. to Hwy. 70, ca. 23°22ʹN, 099°36ʹW, J. Henrickson & W. Hess 19252 ( TEX); ca. 9 air mi NW of Miquihuana, 3 mi N of pueblo Servando Canales, 23°39ʹN, 099°52ʹW, J. Henrickson & V. Heuvel 22448 ( TEX); Mpio. Victoria, Cañón de la Libertad , 10 km W del Ejido La Libertad , L. Hernández 1980 ( MO); Mpio. Jaumave , Ejido La Reforma al N de Jaumave, L. Hernández 2151 (MEXU-image, TEX, UAT); Mpio. Bustamante, 1 km sobre la brecha hacia Bustamante saliendo del KM 79 Tula – Victoria, M. Martínez 1307 (MEXU-image, MO, UAT); Mpio. San Nicolás , 1.5 km N de Flechadores, 24°30ʹ58ʺN, 098°40ʹ32.5ʺW, M. Martínez 4254 (MEXUimage, UAT); Mpio. Guemes , 3 km NE de Los San Pedro , F. Medrano et al. 17573 ( ASU, MEXU); vic. of Victoria, E. Palmer 120 (F, K, MO, UC, US) ; rd. above Cd. Victoria (west) toward Jaumave, A. Sharp et al. 52026 ( CAS) ; 12 km NW of Palmillas on rd. to Miquihuana , 23°35ʹN, 099°38ʹW, L. Stanford et al. 929 ( DS, MO) ; 0.5 mi S of Huizachal , L. Stanford et al. 2178 ( DS, UC, US) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Tamaulipan Acanthaceae I. A. Anisacanthus quadrifidus. B. Aphelandra scabra. C. Avicennia germinans. D. Barleria oenotheroides. E. Carlowrightia albiflora. F. Carlowrightia trichocarpa. G. Carlowrightia parviflora (blueflowered form). H. Carlowrightia neesiana. I. Carlowrightia hapalocarpa. J. Carlowrightia parviflora (white-flowered form). K. Dicliptera sexangularis. L. Dicliptera sumichrastii. Photos by T. Daniel (A, B, D, H, K), W. Eckerman (C), and L. García-Morales (E–G, I, J, L).