Bolbapium minutum ( Luederwaldt, 1931 )

Carvalho, Edrielly Carolinne & Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z., 2022, A taxonomic revision of Bolbapium Boucomont, 1910 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae), Journal of Natural History 56 (13 - 16), pp. 769-828 : 799-801

Bolbapium minutum ( Luederwaldt, 1931)

( Figures 3 (e), 7(j), (k), (l), 16(a))

Bolboceras minutum Luederwaldt, 1931 (original description; key)

Bolboceras bigibbosum Luederwaldt, 1931 (original description; key)

Bolboceras (Bolbapium) minutum: Boucomont 1932: 267 (key)

Bolboceras (Bolbapium) bigibbosum: Boucomont 1932: 267 (key)

Bolboceras minuta: Blackwelder 1944: 220 (checklist)

Bolboceras bigibbosa: Blackwelder 1944: 220 (checklist)

Bolbapium minutum: Martínez 1976: 546 (checklist)

Bolbapium bigibbosum: Martínez 1976: 546 (checklist)

Diagnosis

Clypeo-frontal carina with central tubercle very high and detached, usually at least as high, above carina, as lower parts of the carina itself. Pronotum mesoanteriorly with prismatic structures in females and mammiliform structures in males; at most a lateral indistinct rounded elevation at each side ( Figure 3 (e)).

Neotype: ‘ BRASIL: MS, Corumbá / Passo do Lontra, FIT/ ii.1999, V. Lopes leg’. ♂ ( CEMT 74144 ).

Redescription

Body size: Length: 3.98–7.52 mm. Width: 3.07–5.60 mm. Head: Clypeo-frontal carina with central tubercle very high and detached, usually at least as high, above carina, as lower parts of the carina itself. Canthus presents different types of punctuation, some strong and some weak. The frons presents a slightly arched transversal carina with tubercle formation on each side; the region between the clypeus and the frons with slope and points randomly distributed; region behind the frontal carina marked by circular and oval points. The last three antennomeres of the antenna, which form the antennal club, have a globular shape, compared to the other species ( Figure 2 (c)). Pronotum: Prismatic or mammiliform structures in the anterior part of the disc. Disc sides with sparsely distributed points, unevenly distributed. Ventral region of the thorax: Central region of the metaventrite with a few unevenly distributed setae. Elytron: There are setae in the apical region of the external dorsal margin of the elytra (quantity varies among individuals). Male terminalia: Parameres not seen dorsally ( Figure 7 (j)); in lateral view completely curved, at an angle of approximately 90° in relation to the phallobase ( Figure 11 (l)). Sexual dimorphism: Females have a prismatic structure in the anterior region of the pronotum, while males have this mammiliform structure, which can be very or little developed in both. Remarks: Luederwaldt (1931) described Bolbapium minutum and designated as type a specimen collected by W. Melzer in Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul. In the same work he described Bolbapium bigibbosum based on two specimens, also collected by Melzer in Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul. The suspicion of synonymy between the two species was raised by Sergio Ide in his master’s dissertation. From an examination of the genitalia of both species, Ide confirmed that all specimens of B. minutum are females and B. bigibbosum males, in addition to the coincidence of geographical distribution; however, the work has not been published. More specimens were dissected and analysed to support this previously proposed hypothesis. This leads us to conclude that the two names are synonymous. As both names have been proposed in the same work, the name Bolboceras minutum is here chosen as senior synonym because it represents the size of the specimens, both male and female, while the name B. bigibbosum refers to a character that is found only in males. Besides, Ide (1992) had already suggested (while not validly published) the use of minutum instead of bigibbosum and, in consequence, most Brazilian collections already bear this name as the valid name for this species.

Designation of type material. It was confirmed that the type of Bolbapium minutum was lost in the fire that occurred at the National Museum, Rio de Janeiro, in 2018. According to Ide the type of Bolbapium bigibbosum is in the MZSP; however it was not found. Therefore, for confirmation of the taxon and so there are no further problems of identification, we propose the designation of a neotype for species. The specimen being proposed as a neotype originally belonged to the CEMT, and comes from the location closest to the type locality of the species. It will be deposited at the National Museum, Rio de Janeiro.

Differential diagnosis. Bolbapium minutum is morphologically similar to B. baeri , B. furtadoi sp. nov., B. limeirai sp. nov., B. luederwaldti sp. nov. and B. quadrispinosum in presenting the forehead with a transverse carina interconnected by tubercles. However, it is easily distinguished from the other species by presenting the mammiliform or prismatic projections.

Geographical distribution. Brazil (Bahia, Espirito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Paraná, Santa Catarina and São Paulo); Argentina (Catamarca and Chaco); Bolivia (Santa Cruz); Paraguay (Amambay, Caazapá, Canindeyú, Concepción and Villarica) and Uruguay .

Non-type material. 180 specimens.

ARGENTINA: Catamarca, E. Brunch. (1♀ MLPA) . Chaco, Gancedo, 8 .xii .1939 , Biraben- Bezzi. (2♂ MLPA); Without data. (2♂ 1♀ ZIN) . BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz, [17°48 ʹ 52”S, 63° 9 ʹ 21”W], 500m, 6 .xi .1955, Zischka leg. (1 CEMT). Without data. (1♀ ZIN) ; Without data (1♀ CEMT) . BRAZIL: Bahia, Encruzilhada , 15°31 ʹ 50”S, 40°54 ʹ 46”W, 980m, xi .1972, M . Alvarenga leg . (1♀ CEMT) . Goiás, Bom Jardim de Goiás, [16°12 ʹ 17”S, 52°10 ʹ 25”W], ii .1998, Vaz-de-Mello leg . (1♀ CEMT); Luziânia , [16°31 ʹ 25”S, 48°0 ʹ 3”W], 24 .ii .1974, Bello leg . (1♀ CEMT) . Maranhão, Estreito, Rio Tocantins, 6°11 ʹ 20”S, 47°24 ʹ 28”W, xii .2009, manual, R .V . Nunes leg . (1♂ CEMT) . Mato Grosso, Água Boa, Rancho Araguaia , 13°56 ʹ 40”S, 52°6 ʹ 10”W, 24 .xii .2017, Mota & Schutz leg . (1♀ 1♂ CEMT); Chapada dos Guimarães, Fazenda Jardim , 15°27 ʹ 24”S, 55°44 ʹ 24”W, 2 .iii .2013, V .C . Jorge leg . (1♀ CEMT); Campo Novo do Parecis, Balneário Pilger , [13°21 ʹ 54”S, 57°37 ʹ 15”W], 2 .i .2019, F . Kaspary leg . (1♀ CEMT); Cuiabá, Boa Esperança , [15°36 ʹ 29”S, 56°3 ʹ 22”W] ,. xi.2011, F .Z . Vaz-de-Mello leg . (1♂ CEMT); Same location, Recanto da Seriema , x–xii .2017, light trap, L.G.O. A Nunes (1♂ CEMT); Dist . Guia Faz. Santhidi , 15°28 ʹ 47”S, 56°7 ʹ 33”W, 11 .xii .2009, Ligth, L .R . Silva leg . (2♀ CEMT); Fazenda Santidi , 15°23 ʹ 6”S, 56°6 ʹ 42”W, 22- 1 .viii–ix .2008, FIT, L .R . Silva leg . (1♀ CEMT); Same location, 28-4 .iii–iv .2009, FIT, L .R . Silva leg . (1♀ CEMT); Rec . Das siriemas, 15°35 ʹ 33”S, 56°1 ʹ 38”W, 10 . iii .2013, Manual, L .G .O.A. Nunes leg . (1♀ CEMT); Recanto das siriemas, 15°35 ʹ 33”S, 56° 1 ʹ 37”W, xii .2015, manual, L .G . Nunes leg . (1♂ CEMT); Same location, 3 .iii .2016, manual, L . G . Nunes leg . (1♀ CEMT); Curvelânida , [15°36 ʹ 34”S, 57°55 ʹ 9”W], ii .2011, L .R . Silva leg . (1♂ CEMT); Diamantino, Alto Rio Arinos , [12°24 ʹ 1”S, 56°58 ʹ 6”W], iii .2001, E . Furtado leg . (1♀ CEMT); Same location, x .1999, E . Furtado leg . (1♂ CEMT); Vale da Solidão , 14°21 ʹ 52”S, 56° 7 ʹ 23”W, 23–26 .xii– i.2008 –2009, FIT, D .C .T. Oliveira leg . (2♀ 2 CEMT); Same location, 14° 22 ʹ 30”S, 56°7 ʹ 30”W, 500m, 26–31 .x .2013, E . Furtado leg . (4♀ 6♂ CEMT); Same location, 14° 22 ʹ 23”S, 56°7 ʹ 25”W, 31–14 .i–ii .2009, FIT, D .C .T. Oliveira leg . (1♂ CEMT); Same location, [14° 22 ʹ 30”S, 56°7 ʹ 30”W], ix .2001, E . Furtado leg . (2♀ CEMT); Same location, 14°22”‘S, 56°7”‘W, x .2008, luz, E . Furtado leg . (2♀ 4♂ CEMT); Same location, 450 m, xi .2012, E . Furtado leg . (1♀ 2♂ CEMT); Same location, [14°22 ʹ 30”S, 56°7 ʹ 30”W], xi .1998, E . Furtado leg . (1♀ CEMT); Nobres, Bom Jardim, Pousada Reino Encantado , [14°38 ʹ 13”S, 56°6 ʹ 15”W], 15 .xi .2010, F .R . Tortato leg . (1♀ CEMT); Poconé , [16°15 ʹ 59”S, 56°37 ʹ 35”W], 28 .i .1998, light trap, Mata leg . (1♀ CEMT); Same location, 13 .xii .1990, Inês Castrillon leg . (1♀ CEMT); Same location, Faz . Alvorada , 15 .xii .1990, Noraney Almeida leg . (1♂ CEMT); Tangará da Serra , 14°35 ʹ 49”S, 57° 29 ʹ 27”W, 326mols, xi .2014, R .J . Silva leg . (1♀ CEMT); Same location, UNEMAT, [14°39 ʹ 7”S, 57°26 ʹ 2”W], xi .2011, ligth, G .A .P.C. Neves leg . (1♂ CEMT); Same location, Campus UNEMAT/ experimental field, 14°38 ʹ 58”S, 57°25 ʹ 24”W, 439m, 14 .xi .2017, light trap, R .J . Silva leg . (12♂ 18♀ CEMT); Várzea Grande, Empaer , [15°37 ʹ 30”S, 56°6 ʹ 48”W], 25 .x .2017, manual, G .A .P.C. Neves leg . (1♀ CEMT) . Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Fazenda UEMS, 20°28”‘S, 55°48”‘W, 19 .ix .2006, light trap, S .R . Rodrigues leg . (2♀ 3♂ CEMT); Same location, 18 .ix .2006, light trap, S .R . Rodrigues leg . (1♂ CEMT); Campo Grande , [20°28 ʹ 10”S, 54°37 ʹ 12”W], i .1998, E . Lima leg . (5♀ CEMT); Corumbá, Passo do Lontra , [19°36 ʹ 34”S, 56°56 ʹ 24”W], xi .2000, J . Raizer leg . (1♀ CEMT); Same location, ii .1999, FIT, V . Lopes leg . (2♂ CEMT); Inocência, Faz . Moinho , 19°13 ʹ 12”S, 52°9 ʹ 33”W, 28 .x .2018, light, H .L . Rainho leg . (10♀ ♂ 4 CEMT); Nova Andradina, Usina Santa Helena , 21°59 ʹ 32”S, 53°26 ʹ 28”W, 18 .x .2012, G . Coutinho leg . (2♂ 4♀ CEMT); Same location, 29 .ix .2017, E.S. Gomes (1♀ CEMT); São Gabriel do Oeste , 16° 23 ʹ 16”S, 54°35 ʹ 47”W, 620m, xi .2020, I.E.C. Okawada (1♂ 1♀ CEMT); Deodápolis, Agro Terenas , cana, 26.x.2017, E.S. Gomes (1♀ CEMT); Porto Murtinho , i.1930, Roberto Spirtz leg. (1♀ MZSP) . Paraná, Icaraíma, 23°23 ʹ 46”S, 53°37 ʹ W, 357m, 2019, Felipe & Rodrigues (2♂ CEMT); Same location, Estância Felipe , 23°20 ʹ 32”S, 53°39 ʹ 9”W, 300m, 2019, Felipe & Rodrigues (2♀ 3♂ CEMT) . Santa Catarina, 272, [27°14 ʹ 32”S, 50°13 ʹ 7”W], i .1966, leg. (1 DZUP). Without data. (1 ZIN) (1♂ MLPA) . São Paulo, Barra Bonita , [22°28 ʹ 22”S, 48° 33 ʹ 49”W], 1976, P .S .M. Botelho leg . (4♀ CEMT); Cerqueira César , [23°2 ʹ 18”S, 49°9 ʹ 57”W], xii .1997, J . Carlos leg . (1♀ CEMT); Luiz Antonio , E . E. de Jataí , [21°33 ʹ 13”S, 47°42 ʹ 10”W], 20– 23 .xi .2008, S .P . Rosa & M . Ladenthin leg . (1♀ 1♂ CEMT); Rio Claro, Chácara paraíso, [22° 28 ʹ 49”S, 47°20 ʹ 15”W], 19 .i .1938, Claretiano leg . (1 DZUP); Pirassununga , xi .1943 (1♀ MZSP) . PARAGUAY: Amambay, Estancia Oliva , [22°10 ʹ 55”S, 56°26 ʹ 30”W], 22–25 .i .2013, U . Drechsel leg . (1 COPL). Caazapá, Estero Cristal , [26°10 ʹ 57”S, 56°22 ʹ 16”W], 20 .xi .1998, leg. (3♂ 2♀ CEMT) ; Estancia la Lejana , 20 .xi .2008, U . Drechsel leg . (3 COPL); Canindeyú, Ygatimí, Guyrakeha , [24°1 ʹ 55”S, 55°34 ʹ 48”W], 20 .xi .2009, leg. (1♀ CEMT) ; Guyra Keha , [24°14 ʹ 37”S, 55°17 ʹ 21”W], 15 .x .2009, J . Rivas leg . (4 COPL). Villarica, H. Richter. (1♀ MLPA) . Concepción, Zanja Moroti , [23°19 ʹ 17”S, 56°21 ʹ 10”W], 25 .x .2012, J . Rivas leg . (7 COPL); Same location, 20 . v .2007, J . Rivas leg . (3 COPL); Estancia Recife , [22°17 ʹ 00”S, 57°27 ʹ 00”W], 16 .ii .2014, U . Drechsel leg . (1 COPL); Caaguazú, [23°24 ʹ 22”S, 57°25 ʹ 14”W], x .2010, J . Rivas leg . (1 COPL). Without data. (1♀ ZIN) . URUGUAY: Without data . (1♀ ZIN) .

Figures

Figure 2. Bolbapium (a). Hind wings. Apex of the third branch of the radial vein directed towards the outer edge of the wing (black setae 1); between the cubital and the first anal vein articulated with the base of the wing there are two free veins (black circle); jugular wing area is not reduced (black setae 2). (b). Antenna with the last three antennomeres elongated. (c). Antenna with the last three antennomeres globose.

Figure 3. (a). Head with tranverse carina,Bolbapium striatopunctatum (Castelnau, 1840); (b). head with tranverse carina, Bolbapium dutraorum Carvalho and Vaz-de-Mello, sp. nov.; (c). clypeal-frontal carina high, pronotum with bituberculated structure, Bolbapium sergioidae Carvalho and Vaz-de-Mello, sp. nov.; (d). head with tubercles adjacent to each eye; pronotum with concave structure, Bolbapium luederwaldti Carvalho and Vaz-de-Mello, sp. nov.; (e). clypeal-frontal carina with very high and prominent central tubercle ♂, Bolbapium minutum (Luederwaldt, 1931); (f). pronotum mesoanteriorly with pair of longitudinal structure, Bolbapium baeri (Boucomont, 1902).

Figure 7. Aedeagus. Bolbapium striatopunctatum (Castelnau, 1840) (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). lateral view. Bolbapium sergioidae Carvalho and Vaz-de-Mello, sp. nov. (d). dorsal view; (e). ventral view; (f). lateral view. Bolbapium luederwaldti Carvalho and Vaz-de-Mello, sp. nov.; (g). dorsal view; (h). ventral view; (i). lateral view. Bolbapium minutum (Luederwaldt, 1931) (j). dorsal view; (k). ventral view; (l). lateral view.

Figure 11. Aedeagus. Bolbapium matheusi Carvalho and Vaz-de-Mello, sp. nov. (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). lateral view. Bolbapium howdeni Martínez, 1976 (d). dorsal view; (e). ventral view; (f). lateral view. Bolbapium sampaioorum Carvalho and Vaz-de-Mello, sp. nov. (g). dorsal view; (h). ventral view; (i). lateral view. Bolbapium caesum (Klug, 1843) (j). dorsal view; (k). ventral view; (l). lateral view.