Phyllomyza nitens Loew, 1869: 45

Levesque-Beaudin, Valerie & Mlynarek, Julia J., 2020, Revision of Nearctic Paramyia Williston (Diptera: Milichiidae), Zootaxa 4732 (1), pp. 1-56 : 5-9

Phyllomyza nitens Loew, 1869: 45 . Type locality: Pennsylvania .

Description. ( Fig. 3 ) Total length ♂ 1.3-1.6 mm, ♀ 1.8-1.9 mm. Overall colour brown to dark brown, frontal trian- gle dark brown to black, shiny, reaching lunule; frons 1.25 times longer than wide and 1.44 times wider than flagellum; width at widest point 2.3-2.4 times the bottom eye width; gena brown with prunescence, 0.16-0.18 times eye height; postgena dark brown, with light prunescence and 0.30-0.33 width of head; scape and pedicel dark brown, first flagellomere trapezoidal, 1.2 times wider than long, dark brown with pale pubescence, arista dark brown and arista length 1.45-1.8 times width of first flagellomere; medium facial carina, visible laterally; palpus dark brown with 4-5 enlarged setae apically and 1 ventral seta pre-apically, labium brown 0.40-0.43 mm and labella brown 0.45-0.48 mm long.

Scutum shiny dark brown; scutellum dark brown, microsetose; fore femur all brown; fore tibia all brown often slightly paler on anterior side; femur and tibia of mid and hind leg brown; all junctions of femur and tibia (“knee”) brown; all tarsi yellowish; hind basitarsus shorter than length of tarsi 2-4 combined; haltere brown basally and dark brown apically; wing 1.22-1.32 mm long; abdomen shiny dark.

Male postabdomen ( Fig. 4 ). Epandrium in lateral view 1.1 times wider than high, in posterior view 2.5 times wider than high (before cerci), small setae densely covering posterior portion of epandrium mixed with a low density of large setae; surstylus 1.3 times as high as epandrium, paddle shape with a large half-circular structure situated basally, on inner surface, with only a few short markings in the basal portion, setae medium length, covering anterior side and distal half of surstylus; cerci large and pointed apically, 0.70 times length of surstylus in posterior view, with a pair of very long preapical setae and other shorter setae, less than 1/3 its length, apically swollen in lateral view.

Molecular barcode sequence can be accessed through GenBank Accession: KR643351 and BOLD BIN: BOLD: AAG0168 (average p-distance within BIN: 0.5%).

Distribution ( Fig. 25 ). Widespread throughout North America.

Material examined. UNITED STATES: Pennsylvania: 1869, ♂. (Holotype, MCZ) [MCZ-ENT00013447] .

CANADA: Alberta: Wood Buffalo National Park, Benchmark weather station, 59.5607°N, 112.261°W, 219m, 2♀, 13-27.vii.2012, N. Labine (BIOUG), 2♀, 13-20.vii.2013, N. Labine (BIOUG) ; British Columbia: 10 km W Kamloops, New Afton Mine , 50.6719°N, 120.533°W, 1♀, 24.vii-1.viii.2013, C. Simon, Malaise trap (BIOUG) , 10 mi. E. Creston, 49.1°N, 116.51°W, 1♂, 31.vii.1980, G. Gibson, sweeping (DEBU) ; Manitoba: 2 km W Gardenton, Tall Grass Prairie Field Station , 49.0769°N, 96.7139°W, 1♂, 24.vi-1.vii.2008, H.D. White, Malaise trap (LEMQ) ; New Brunswick: Fundy, Maple Grove, 45.5822°N, 64.9859°W, 143m, 1♀, 08.viii.2009, BIObus 2009 (BIOUG) , Kouchibouguac National Park , 46.8°N, 64.97°W, 1♂, 30.vii-2.viii.2013, O. Lonsdale (CNC) ; Newfoundland and Labrador: Terra Nova National Park , 48.598°N, 53.9702°W, 127m, 1♀, 25.vi-2.vii.2013, E. Perry, Malaise trap (BIOUG), 1♀, 9-16.vii.2013, E. Perry, Malaise trap (BIOUG) ; Nova Scotia: Cape Breton Highlands, Warren Lake , 46.7131°N, 60.3835°W, 59m, 1♀, 24.vii.2009, BIObus 2009, freehand (BIOUG) , Halifax, Point Pleasant Park, 44.623°N, 63.5686°W, 30m, 1♀, 15-22.vi.2013, T. Zemlak, Malaise trap (BIOUG), 6♂, 4♀, 13-20.vii.2013, T. Zemlak, Malaise trap (BIOUG), 1♂, 5♀, 6-13.vii.2013, T. Zemlak, Malaise trap (BIOUG), 1♂, 29.vii-6.viii.1987, T. Zemlak, Malaise trap (BIOUG), 1♂, 22-26.vii.2005, T. Zemlak, Malaise trap (BIOUG), 2♀, 27.vii-3.viii.2013, T. Zemlak, Malaise trap (BIOUG), 1♂, 2♀, 29.vi-6.vii.2013, T. Zemlak, Malaise trap (BIOUG), 1♂, 22-29.vi.2013, T. Zemlak, Malaise trap (BIOUG) , 2♂, 1♀, 20-27.vii.2013, T. Zemlak, Malaise trap (BIOUG), Kejimkujik, Graf- ton Lake, 44.383°N, 65.2023°W, 103m, 1♂, 01.viii.2009, BIObus 2009 (BIOUG), 1♀, 03.viii.2009, BIObus 2009 (BIOUG) ; Ontario: 4452 Rowsome Rd. , Elizabethtown, 44.6213°N, 76.273°W, 120m, 1♀, 19.vi.2010, J. Sones (BIOUG) , Algoma Distr. , Witchdoctor Lake , 47.09°N, 83.76°W, 1♂, 29.viii.1992, Cannings, Swann, Malaise trap (DEBU), Bruce Co. , Bruce Peninsula National Park , Lake Scugog , 45.1167°N, 81.5333°W, 1♂, 1-17.viii.2002, S.A. Marshall, Malaise trap (DEBU), Bruce Co. , Cameron Lake , Fen, 45.219°N, 81.5465°W, 2♂, 28.vi-16.vii.1998, S.A. Marshall, Malaise trap (DEBU), Bruce Co. , Dorcas Bay , 45.19°N, 81.58°W, 2♂, 21.vii-1.viii.2003, S.A. Marshall, Malaise trap (DEBU), 1♂, 1-22.viii.2003, S.A. Marshall, Malaise trap (DEBU), Bruce Co. , Dorcas Bay Dunes, 45.19°N, 81.58°W, 3♂, 2-25.viii.1999, S.A. Marshall, Malaise trap (DEBU), 1♂, 20.vii-2.viii.1993, S.A. Mar- shall, Malaise trap (DEBU), 1♂, 20-27.vi.2006, S.A. Marshall, Malaise trap (DEBU), 2♂, 11-20.vii.1999, S.A. Marshall, Malaise trap (DEBU), Bruce Co. , Dorcas Bay , dune, 45.19°N, 81.58°W, 1♂, 16-21.vii.2012, S.A. Mar- shall, Malaise trap (DEBU), Bruce Co. , Dorcas Bay , pond nr dune, 45.19°N, 81.58°W, 1♂, 11-20.vii.1999, S.A. Marshall, Malaise trap (DEBU), 1♂, 11-18.vii.2006, S.A. Marshall, Malaise trap (DEBU), Bruce Co. , Fanthom Five National Park , Middle Island , 45.26°N, 81.66°W, 1♂, 23-30.vi.2008, S.A. Marshall, pan trap (DEBU) , Dorcas Bay , 45.19°N, 81.58°W, 2♂, 21-28.vii.2008, S.A. Marshall, Malaise trap (DEBU) , Fathom 5 National Park, Bears Rumpls., 45.26°N, 81.66°W, 1♂, 23-30.vi.2008, T. Woodcock, S.A. Marshall, pan trap (DEBU) , Gaudry Township , Witchdoctor Lake , 47.08°N, 83.76°W, 1♂, 29.viii.1992, R.A. Cannings, J.E. Swann, Malaise trap (ROM) , Halibur- ton District, Dorset, 1.6 km S. Leslie M. Frost Nat. Res. Centre, 45.16°N, 78.85°W, 1♂, 25.vi-2.vii.2013, B. Hub- ley, Malaise trap (ROM) , Hilton Township , Tendy Bay , 46.09°N, 83.92°W, 1♂, 9.viii.1992, J.E. Swann, Malaise trap (ROM) , L. Cognashene Muskoka Dist. , 44.96°N, 79.92°W, 1♂, 28.vii.1981, J.T. Huber (CNC), Lambton Co. , Pinery Provincial Park, power line, right-of-way, 44.55°N, 76.3667°W, 3♂, 7-16.vii.2001, L. Packer, Malaise trap (ROM), 1♂, 24.vi-9.vii.1996, L. Packer, Malaise trap (ROM), 1♂, 28.vi-8.vii.1986, L. Packer, Malaise trap (ROM), 1♂, 28.vi-12.vii.1986, L. Packer, Malaise trap (ROM) , Lambton Co. , Pinery Provincial Park, Sand dunes, 44.55°N, 76.3667°W, 1♂, 28.vi-16.vii.1998, L. Packer, Malaise trap (ROM), 1♂, 19-26.vii.2006, L. Packer, Malaise trap (ROM) , Makonie Lake , 48.35°N, 83.24°W, 1♂, 11.vii.2016, S.A. Marshall, hand collecting (DEBU) , Manitoulin Distr. , Manitoulin Is., Carter Bay , 45.6064°N, 82.1408°W, 1♂, 1-8.viii.2003, Buck, Marshall, Malaise trap (DEBU) , Manitoulin Island , Kip Fleming Tract, 8km SW Gore Bay, 45.8703°N, 82.5419°W, 1♂, 27.vii-3.viii.2013, Mar- shall et al., Malaise trap (DEBU) , Mer Bleu, 5 mi. E. Ottawa, 45.39°N, 75.51°W, 1♂, 17.vii.1966, D.D. Munroe, Malaise trap (CNC) , Northumberland Co. , Cobourg, 3 km N Baltimore, 43.96°N, 78.17°W, 1♂, 17.vii.1986, P. Danielsson (USNM) , Parry Sound, Waubamik, 45.46°N, 80°W, 1♂, 7.viii.1915, J.M. Aldrich (USNM) , Pukaskwa National Park , 48.601°N, 86.2893°W, 631m, 1♀, 6-12.viii.2013, C. Harpur, Malaise trap (BIOUG), 1♂, 27.vi- 4.vii.2006, C. Harpur, Malaise trap (BIOUG) , Stonecliffe, Driftwood Provincial Park, 46.19°N, 77.85°W, 12♂, 2-25.viii.1999, S. Peck, Malaise trap (DEBU) , Thousand Islands National Park , 44.4534°N, 75.865°W, 1♂, 18- 24.vi.2015, M. Brown, Malaise trap (BIOUG), 1♂, 2♀, 2-9.vii.2014, M. Brown, Malaise trap (BIOUG), 5♂, 5♀, 16-23.vii.2014, M. Brown, Malaise trap (BIOUG) , Thunder Bay Distr. , Prairie River at Hwy 17, 38km E Terrace Bay , 48.8011°N, 86.7844°W, 1♀, 15-19.vii.2002, M. Buck, white pans (DEBU), 2♂, 15-19.vii.2002, M. Buck, Mal- aise trap (DEBU), 1♂, 15-22.vii.2005, M. Buck, Malaise trap (DEBU) ; Quebec: Beechgrove, 45.65°N, 76.1333°W, 1♂, 29.vi.1962, J.R. Vockeroth (CNC) , Bois-des-Bel Bog, 47.9683°N, 69.4274°W, 1♂, 21.vi.2006, A.G. Taillefer, sweep (LEMQ) , Gatineau Co. , Masham Twp., 45.64°N, 76.01°W, 1♂, 10-13.vi.1974, D.M. Wood (CNC), 1♂, 6- 8.vii.1974, D.M. Wood (CNC) , James Bay Rte km 204.5, 50.9831°N, 77.6339°W, 1♂, 7-16.vii.2001, M. Buck, B. Buck, Malaise trap (DEBU) , James Bay Rte km 398.8, 52.3569°N, 77.1069°W, 1♂, 8-16.vii.2001, M. Buck, B. Buck, white pans (DEBU) , 1♂, 8-18.viii.1971, M. Buck, B. Buck, white pans (DEBU), James Bay Rte km 570.3, 53.4942°N, 77.6208°W, 1♂, 9-18.xii.1985, M. Buck, B. Buck, Malaise trap (DEBU) , James Bay Rte., km 204.5, 50.9831°N, 77.6339°W, 4♂, 7-16.vii.2001, M. Buck, B. Buck, Malaise trap (DEBU) , Johnville Bog and Forest Park, 45.345°N, 71.7417°W, 1♀, 10-12.vii.2005, J. Savage, J. Kuchta, Malaise trap (LEMQ) , Laniel, 47.05°N, 79.28°W, 1♂, 1.vii.1944, A.R. Brooks (CNC) , Mt. St. Marie Low , 45.94°N, 75.87°W, 549m, 1♂, 22.vi.1965, J.R. Vock- eroth (CNC) , Ogden, Marlington Bog, 45.04°N, 72.1733°W, 1♀, 4-11.vii.2006, A. Moores, Malaise trap (LEMQ) , Old Chelsea, Summit King Mt. , 45.49°N, 75.86°W, 351m, 1♂, 25.vi.1962, J.R. Vockeroth (CNC) , Rougemont, 45.4962°N, 73.0685°W, 1♀, 21-28.vii.2008, V. Levesque, trunk trap (LEMQ) , St-Daniel, Parc National de Fronte- nac, 45.9683°N, 71.1517°W, 13♂, 12-19.vii.2006, A. Moores, pan trap (LEMQ), 1♂, 19-26.vii.2013, A. Moores, pan trap (LEMQ), 1♂, 19-26.vii.2006, A. Moores, pan trap (LEMQ), 1♂, 12-15.viii.2005, A. Moores, pan trap (LEMQ), 1♂, 19-21.vii.2016, A. Moores, pan trap (LEMQ) . UNITED STATES: Arkansas: Montgomery Co., 20 mi W Glenwood, 34.33°N, 93.55°W, 3♂, 15.v-28.viii.1994, H.W. Robinson, sweep (LEMQ), 2♂, 15-21.vi.2006, H.W. Robinson, sweep (LEMQ) ; Maine: Lincoln Co., East Boothbay , 43.85°N, 69.5833°W, 1♀, 9.viii.2000, J. Sav- age, sweep (LEMQ) ; Maryland: Glen Echo, 38.97°N, 77.14°W, 1♂, 22.viii.1922, J.R. Malloch (USNM) ; Mississippi: Scott Co. , Forest, 32.36°N, 89.48°W, 1♂, 5-12.viii.1971, S.A. Marshall, pan trap (DEBU) ; New Hampshire: Strafford Co. , Spruce Hole, 3 mi. SW Durham, 43.14°N, 70.92°W, 2♂, 3-9.vii.1987, D.S. Chandler, flight intercep- tion trap (DEBU) ; Tennessee: Rutledge, 36.28°N, 83.5°W, 1♂, 1-31.vii.1954, M.R. Wheeler (AMNH) ; Vermont: East Franklin , Lake Carmi State Park , 44.9533°N, 72.8817°W, 1♀, 4-11.vii.2006, A. Moores, pan trap (LEMQ)

.

Remarks. The holotype of P. nitens was examined and dissected for the first time. The holotype was not verified by Papp (2001). Based on Papp’s identification labels at the ROM and his re-description of P. nitens (e.g. en- larged male flagellum and genitalia drawings), it appears to correspond better to the new species ( P. pseudonitens ) described below, which is the most abundant and widely distributed species in North America.

The status of P. nigra Williston is mentioned as a likely junior synonym of P. nitens by Sabrosky (1965), which was echoed by Papp (2001). As we could not locate the holotype of P. nigra , we do not feel we can realistically assess the status of P. nigra and we leave it as a valid species but this species will not be re-evaluated here.

Females of P. anguliloba , P.lustrum , P. nitens , P. rectiloba , P. silvestris , P. wheeleri can only be reliably identified through sequencing.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Paramyia nitens male (A) habitus, (B) head frontal, (C) head lateral; female (D) habitus, (E) head frontal, (F) head lateral. Scale bar: habitus = 1 mm, others = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 4. Paramyia nitens male genitalia (A) lateral, (B) posterior, (C) surstylus, (D) basal surstylus structure. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: bph, basiphallus; cer, cerci; epd, epandrium; hyp, hypandrium; phap, phallopodeme; sur, surstylus.

FIGURE 25. Distribution map of Paramyia nitens. (created by Simplemappr)