Hyposmocoma (Hyposmocoma) starrorum, Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n, 2023

Doorenweerd, Camiel, Austin, Kyhl A., Rubinoff, Daniel, n, sp., n, sp., n, sp., n, sp. & n, sp., 2023, Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma), Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 55, pp. 29-44 : 31-35

Hyposmocoma (Hyposmocoma) starrorum sp. n.

https://zoobank.org/6F4D4FBF-9DC3-

486C-8BE2-797BD3E366A1

Figs. 2 , 6D .

Type material

Holotype. Male. USA: HI: Maui 3.v.2021 DR21E1A.E8, Kamehamenui F [orest] R [eserve] Hand coll.[ected] Burrito cases. E.[x]l.[arva] 24.vi.2021, N 20.7524 E –156.2722 2135 m. Leg. Forest and Kim Starr. DNA extract: DNA00319. Genitalia slide: KAA0897. UHIM . Paratypes. 17 males, 11 females

total. 11 females, 7 males, same data as holotype, emerged between 7.vi–20.vii.2021, DNA extracts: DNA00256, DNA00264, DNA00292, DNA00320. Genitalia slide: KAA0898 (female). 6 females, 4 males, USA: HI: Maui 1.vi.2021 DR21F3A, Kamehamenui FR Hand coll.[ected] Burrito cases. E.[x]l.[arva] 28.vi–26.vii.2021. N 20.7420 E –156.2834 1220m. Leg. Forest and Kim Starr.DNA extracts:DNA00296, DNA00316, DNA00317. 24 deposited in UHIM , 4 in BPBM.

Diagnosis. Endemic to East Maui. Adults are externally easily confused

with various burrito cased species, such as H. kaupo Schmitz and Rubinoff , also present on East Maui. Hyposmocoma starrorum can be distinguished by the male genitalia: in H. starrorum the left valva is apically broadened, forming a distinct triangular shape, whereas the left valva of H. kaupo is not broadened in such a way. The male genitalia of H. starrorum are most similar to those of H. kapakai Schmitz and Rubinoff , endemic to Oʻahu, which also has a similar wing pattern, but H. kapakai has a much larger costal process on the right valva; extending 0.5x the width of the valva (note the image of the male genitalia is flipped horizontally in ( Schmitz and Rubinoff 2008). The female genitalia of H. kaupo have the anterior apophyses approximately 0.3x the length of the posterior apophyses, whereas they are of about equal length in H. starrorum . COI sequence data separates H. starrorum from all other described and sequenced species in this group, minimum pairwise distance to nearest neighbor 7.45%.

Description. Male. Head. Frons and vertex olive base color with cream mottling. Anterior basal part of haustellum with cream and black scales. Labial palpus with all palpomeres mostly black with some cream mottling, terminal two palpomeres of about equal length. Antenna length roughly equal to forewing. Antennomeres brown with cream-colored apices. Scape predominantly olive colored with black and cream mottling. Thorax. Concolorous with scape. Wings. Forewing length 5.1–6.5 mm. Dorsal surface of forewings base color olive with black and cream mottling and four or five ill-defined dark spots in the central wing area, two opposite cream-colored maculae distally. Fringe gray. Ventral surface of forewings uniformly brown. Dorsal surface of hindwings silvery-gray, gradually becoming darker at the distal half. Fringe cream-colored at base with remainder gray-brown. Costal hair pencil present, dark-gray, about 0.5x length of the wing. Vannal tuft absent. Ventral surface of hindwings slightly lighter brown than ventral surface of forewings. Legs brown with cream-colored apices on each segment. Abdomen. Scaling gray ventrally and dorsally, cream-colored laterally. Segments II and III dark brown dorsomedially. Pleural lobes on sternite VIII semi-circular, about 0.5x length of valva ( Fig. 2F ). Oval sclerotization on sternite VII ( Fig. 2E ), right sternite hook on segment VII extending about 0.6x width of abdomen, apically spatulate. Left sternite hook present, small. Male genitalia. ( Fig. 2C, D ). Setae of various lengths along ventral edLe of distal 0.7x of valvae. Valvae asymmetrical. Left valva dorsally curved, apically triangle-shaped widening to half as wide as length; distal end with five spurs: three sharp medial spurs and, anteriorly, two, slightly longer, spatulate spurs. Right valva ventrally curved, widened into a club about 0.3x the length of the valva with five rounded spurs of roughly equal size, smaller than the spurs on the left valva. A small costal process at about 0.3x of the right valva. Anellus lobes asymmetrical. Left anellus lobe with a distinct process in the center and irregular tapering to a rounded tip; right anellus lobe narrow at base and widening into a club. Brachia asymmetrical. Right brachium elongated with several curves, tapering to a sharp point. Left brachium reduced to small bump. Female. Like male, except costal hair pencil absent, pleural lobes absent, and no sclerotization on sternite VII or sternite hooks. Female genitalia ( Fig. 2B ). Anterior apophyses and posterior apophyses straight and each about 1x length of segment VII. Ostium with sclerotized ring, sterigma sclerotized, externally protruding, and curled to the right. Ductus bursa about 0.5x length of oval bursa copulatrix. Signum absent.

Biology. The larva make large “burrito” type cases, ~ 7–8 mm long at final instar ( Fig. 6D ). Burrito type cases have a single opening and are either bag-shaped or taper to a point opposite of the side with the opening. The surface of the case is covered with sand and silk threads to which the larva attaches particles from the environment, most often bits of lichen.

Distribution. Onlyknownfromitstype locality on East Maui in Kamehamenui FR.

Etymology. The epithet “starrorum” is a noun in genitive case, named for the collectors of this new species: Kim Starr and Forest Starr of Maui in honor of their many years of invaluable contributions to the study of Hawaiian insects and facilitation of our research through advice, collections, and friendship.

Remarks. Over 100 cases of this species were collected. The morphology of the male genitalia and COI pairwise distances suggest close relation to H. kapakai Schmitz and Rubinoff , found at low elevations on the east coast of Oʻahu.

Figures

Figure 2. Hyposmocoma starrorum sp. n. A. Holotype adult male DR21E1A.E8, DNA00319, reared from a “burrito” type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Female genitalia, slide KAA0898. C. Male holotype genitalia, valvae and tegumen (right bra- chium folded over right valva), slide KAA0897. D. Phallus and ductus ejaculatorius, slide KAA0897. E. Sternite hooks on segment VII, slide KAA0897. F. Pleural lobes on sternite VIII.Abbreviations:sp = spur, la = left anellus lobe, ra = right anellus lobe, lb = left brachium, rb = right brachium, cp = costal process, o = ostium, st = sterigma, lsh = left sternite hook, rsh = right sternite hook.

Figure 6. Larval cases of the new species, all to same scale. A. Hyposmocoma makaohuna, rearing lot DR21D16A, B. H. kamehamenui, rearing lot DR21D16B, C. H. desilvai, larval case of holotype (note case openings on both ends), D. H. starrorum, rearing lot DR21E1A (single case opening), E. H. kukilakila, rearing lot DR21D16B.