Paraphoma rubicunda (Rehm ex G. Winter) Mlčoch 2024

Mlčoch, Patrik & Matušinsky, Pavel, 2024, Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Phytotaxa 663 (4), pp. 184-204 : 193-195

Paraphoma rubicunda (Rehm ex G. Winter) Mlčoch comb. nov. — Fig. 5

Bas. Leptosphaeria rubicunda Rehm ex G. Winter

Syn. Heptameria rubicunda (Rehm ex G. Winter) Cooke , Leptosphaeria rubicunda Rehm , Melanomma rubicundum (Rehm ex G. Winter) L. Holm , Phoma sanguinolenta Grove

Type: HUNGARY. 1. leg. Rehm, im furstl. Garten zu Kaposvar in Ungarn, Lojka, 1871, on the dead stems of Apiaceae, Ascomycetes no. 92, ex s.

Epitype. BRNM 829161

MycoBank no: 854608

Sexual morph. Ascoma pseudothecial, subglobose, in numerous groups, first subepidermal, 270–400 μm in diam. and 200–230 μm height, later semi-immersed to erumpent. Ostioles are short and conical, erumpent to the epidermis of the stem. Substrate in surroundings of ascoma first uncoloured, later with characteristic purpure to light red coloured— diagnostic character. Ascomal wall composed of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of brown to dark brown, polygonate cells of textura angularis, (6–)8.8–10(–12.5) × (4.5–)6.5–10 μm, N = 20. Hamathecium is composed of numerous, indistinct, hyaline, septate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosed above the asci, later absent. Asci bitunicate, 8–spored, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, (66–)80–100(–105) × 8–9(–10) μm, N = 10. Ascospores narrowly fusiform, biseriate in the ascus, hyaline to brownish, 3–septate, second cell from apex enlarged towards the base, slightly longer than wider or isodiametric, without gelatinous sheath, appendages and without ornamentation, with several globose lipid drops, (20.5–)21.5–28(–29.5) × (4–)5.5–7(–7.5) μm, Q =4–5.6, Q AV =5.3, N = 30. Asexual morph. Undetermined.

Culture characters. Colony grown on PDA slow, 15–16 mm in diameter after 2 weeks at 25 ° C, circular to irregular, white at the edge, light grey to grey at the centre, concentric coloured, later grey and not concentric coloured, filiform at the edge, elevation raised to convex, no pigment product, did not form conidia . Conidiomata and conidia were undetermined.

Habitat. Dead stems of Asteraceae , mainly from the genus Cirsium and Artemisia . Type material is grown on the dead stems of Apiaceae (Shoemaker R. A. 1984) . All author collections were situated in various nitrophilous vegetation with dominantly Urtica dioica , Cirsium ssp. and various Apiaceae .

Distribution. The Czech Republic (5 collections), Hungary (type material, Shoemaker R. A. 1984).

Material examined: THE CZECH REPUBLIC. 1. col. P. Mlčoch, Moravian Gate, Bartošovice, Bartošovický luh Nature Reserve, old apple orchard with nitrophilic vegetation, 240 m a. s. l., 25. 8. 2022, on dead stems of Cirsium oleraceum, GPS : 49.6737344N, 18.0295286E ( BRNM 829161, GenBank no. OQ359104, strain MLC 07, epitype); 2. col. P. Mlčoch, Vítkovská vrchovina Highland, Bítov, Pohoří, Jamník valley, wetland by the creek, 340 m a. s. l., 3. 6. 2017, on the dead stems of Cirsium palustre, GPS : 49.7999247N, 18.0389850E. ( BRNM 840272, GenBank no. OQ 359108). 3. Col. P. Mlčoch, Moravian-Silesian Beskids, Velké Karlovice, 550 m a. s. l., 29. 6. 2018, on the dead stems of Cirsium rivulare ( BRNM 829159); 4. col. P. Mlčoch, Vítkovská vrchovina Highland, Zbyslavice, Zbyslavické rybníky ponds, ruderal vegetation, 280 m a. s. l., 16. 9. 2017, on the dead stems of Artemisia vulgaris ( BRNM 829158); 5. col. P. Mlčoch, Vítkovská vrchovina Highland, Bítov, crossroads of Bítov mill, nitrophilous vegetation, 300 m a. s. l., 14. 7. 2017, on the dead stems of Artemisia vulgaris ( BRNM 829160).

Notes. From the stems of Cirsium is known as Leptosphaeria cirsii-arvensis (see tab. 2), which has no second cell of ascospore enlarged on the base of the original description and also has wider asci and ascospores ( Losa 1948). Collection from Cirsium palustre is morphologically and genetically identic with collection from Cirsium oleraceum ; a few differences in phylogram ( Fig. 1 ) are caused by the incompleteness of some nucleotides in the sequence. Both sequences reported 100 % identity with sequences of material (strain CBS:186.57, GenBank no. MH 857691.1), which was made within barcoding studies ( Vu et al. 2019), but this strain is not isolated from the type material. However, due to the age of the type item, it is no longer possible to obtain usable DNA from it, and therefore it is proposed in this study to use our material (which also ecologically and morphologically corresponds to the type description) for epitypification. Shoemaker (1984) states of collection from Leonurus cardiaca ( Lamiaceae ), but his collection has narrowed ascospores (3–3.5 μm) and shorter asci (45–60 × 7–8 μm) with tetraseriate ascospores. However, his concept also included a study of type material.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Multi-locuse phylogenetic tree of Paraphoma species (Phaeosphaeriaceae) from the ITS, LSU and RPB2 genes used to Maximum Likelihood method. Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap support values (n = 1000) equal or above 95% are shown. The tree was rooted to Setophoma ssp. New strains in this study are in bold. Individual genera are distinguished by colour.

FIGURE 5. Paraphoma rubicunda (BRNM 829161) and Leptosphaeria purpurea (BRNM 829154). Leptosphaeria purpurea (A–F): A–B: asci; C–F: ascospores. Paraphoma rubicunda (G–O): G–J: ascoma; K–L: asci; M–O: ascospores. Scales: G: 1 mm; H–J: 300 μm; A–B, K–L: 10 μm; B–F, M–O: 5 μm.