Broscosoma viridicollare Kavanaugh and Liang, 2021

Kavanaugh, David H. & Liang, Hongbin, 2021, Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Broscini (Coleoptera: Carabidae)., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 67 (4), pp. 85-182 : 151-155

13. Broscosoma viridicollare Kavanaugh and Liang , sp. nov.

Figures 7b , 34 , 35 , 40b , 48-50

Type material. Holotype, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “ CASENT 1017935 ”/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lishadi Township , 9.5-10.0 km W of Shibali on Shibali Road, N27.19438º/E098.71486º to N27.19807º/”/ “E098.71375º, 3195-3200m, 12 August 2005, Stop #DHK2005-078, D.H. Kavanaugh, H.B. Liang, D.Z. Dong collectors”/ “HOLOTYPE Broscosoma viridicollare Kavanaugh & Liang sp. nov. designated 2021” [red label] . Paratypes (a total of 20): two males and one female ( CAS, IOZ) labeled: same as holotype except first label “ CASENT 1017933 ” to “ CASENT 1017934 ” and “ CASENT 1017936 ”, respectively ; one female ( IOZ) labeled: “ CASENT 1018722 ” “ CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lishadi Township, headwaters of North Fork Yamu He just E of Shibali Yakou, 3450m ”/ “ N27.21034º / E098.70141º, 7 August 2005, Stop #LHB-05-52, H.B. Liang & J.F. Zhang collectors” ; one male and one female ( CAS, IOZ) labeled: “ CASENT 1018602 ” and “ CASENT 1018603 ”, respectively/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lishadi Township, headwaters of North Fork Yamu He just E of Shibali Yakou, 3450m ”/ “ N27.21034º / E098.70141º, 12 August 2005, Stop #LHB-05-54, H.B. Liang & J.F. Zhang collectors” ; one male ( CAS) labeled: “ CASENT 1019520 ”/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lishadi Township , 10.1 to 11. 5 km above Shibali on Shibali road, N27.20049º/E098.71354º to N27.20676º / E098.71763º,”/ “ 3225-3290m, 8 May 2004, Stop #DHK-2004-041, D.H. Kavanaugh, C. E. Griswold, Liang H.-B., Li X.-Y. & Zhu B.-X. collectors” ; one male and two females ( CAS, IOZ) labeled: “ CASENT 1018889 ” and “ CASENT 1018890 ” to “ CASENT 1018891 ”, respectively/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lishadi Township, Shibali Yakou , 3612m, N27.21231º / E098.69575º, 5 August 2005 ” / “Stop #DHK2005-060, D.H. Kavanaugh, H.B. Liang, P. Paquin, D.Z. Dong & J.F. Zhang collectors” ; one male and one female ( CAS, IOZ) labeled: “ CASENT 1020868 ” and “ CASENT1020869 ”, respectively/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lishadi Township, Shibali Yakou , 3612m, N27.21231º / E098.69575º, 7 August 2005 ”,/ “Stop #DHK2005-066, D.H. Kavanaugh, H.B. Liang, P. Paquin & D.Z. Dong collectors” ; one male and two females ( CAS, IOZ) labeled: “ CASENT 1021213 ” to “ CASENT 1021214 ” and “ CASENT 1021215 ”, respectively/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lishadi Township , 0.5 km NE of Shibali Yakou, N27.21447º / E098.70064º ” / “ 3460m, 12 August 2005, Stop #DHK2005-077, D.H. Kavanaugh, P. Paquin & D.Z. Dong collectors” ; one male ( CAS) labeled: “ CASENT 1023548 ”/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lishadi Township , 1.0 km E of Shibali Yakou on Shibali road, N27.20854º / E098.71174º ” / “ 3506m, 6 May 2004, Stop #DHK2004-035, D.H. Kavanaugh, H.B. Liang, & C.E. Griswold collectors” ; two males ( CAS, IOZ) labeled: “ CASENT 1022786 ” and “ CASENT 1022787 ”, respectively/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lumadeng Township, 8.5 km above Shibali on Shibali road, North Fork of Yamu He ” / “ N27.18326º / E098.72002º, 3100m, 9 May 2004, Stop #DHK2004-042, D.H. Kavanaugh & H.B. Liang collectors” ; one male ( CAS) labeled: “ CASENT 1029941 ”/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lumadeng Township, 8.5 km W of Shibali on Shibali road, south bank of North Fork Yamu He ,”/ “ N27.18315º / E098.71921º, 3100- 3200m, 16 August 2005, Stop #DHK2005-090, D.H. Kavanaugh & H.B. Liang collectors” ; one male ( IOZ) labeled: “ CASENT 1017824 ”/ “ CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lumadeng Township, second cirque of Shibali Yakou at border post “31”, N27.20333º / E098.69303º ”/ “ 3710m, 17 August 2005, Stop #DHK2005-095, D.H. Kavanaugh, H.B. Liang, D.Z. Dong & J.F. Zhang collectors”. All paratypes also bear the following label: “PARATYPE Broscosoma viridicollare Kavanaugh & Liang , sp. nov. designated 2021” [yellow label].

Type locality. CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lishadi Township, 9.5-10.0 km W of Shibali on Shibali Road, 3195-3200 m.

Derivation of species name. The species epithet, viridicollare , is an adjective derived from the Latin words, viridis, meaning green, and collare, meaning collar. The name refers the distinct band of metallic green reflection along the anterior border of the otherwise black pronotum in members of this species.

Diagnosis. Adults of this species ( Fig. 34a ) can be distinguished from those of other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size moderate, BL = 10.0 to 12. 7 mm; head and pronotum black to piceous but with distinct metallic green band across anterior part of pronotum ( Fig. 7b ) anterior to anterior transverse impression; head with tempora slightly inflated, sharply convex or vaguely angulate; antennomeres 3 and 4 glabrous except for apical whorl of setae; pronotum anterior to sub-basal constriction slightly to moderately longitudinally ovoid in dorsal view, basolateral setae absent; elytral silhouette ovoid, with humeri indistinct, elytral microsculpture distinct, comprised of moderately impressed isodiametric sculpticells; metatrochanter asetose; male protarsi with tarsomeres 1 to 3 with ventral pads of adhesive setae; male genitalia as in Fig. 35 , with median lobe slightly longer and apical lamella broader in lateral view.

Description. Fig. 34a . Size medium, BL male = 10. 1–12 mm, female = 10.0–12. 7 mm, ratio EL/PL male = 2.2, female = 2.2–2.3. Body color black or dark piceous, last visible abdominal sternite dark brown or rufous brown, antennae with antennomeres 3 and 4 slightly darker brown than antennomeres 1 and 2 and 5 to 11, femora black or dark piceous, tibiae and tarsi rufous brown. Head black, pronotum black except for distinct green metallic reflection anterior to anterior transverse impression, elytra with bluish green metallic reflection, venter without metallic reflection.

Head. Fig. 7b . Eyes medium-sized, their diameter slightly greater than length of tempora. Frontal furrows moderately impressed, narrow, arcuate, distinctly divergent posteriorly, extended posteriorly to or slightly beyond middle of eyes, faintly rugulose, impunctate. Vertex with post-temporal transverse sulcus deep and well-defined, sparsely and moderately to coarsely punctate. Tempora slightly inflated, sharply convex or vaguely angulate. Genal ridges distinctly present posteriorly, extended anteriorly to anterior margin of post-temporal constriction and further extended as the edge of a vague depression anteriorly to ventral margins of eyes. Clypeus with one pair of setae. Supraorbital setae present, one pair. Eustipes of maxilla with two setae, the dorsobasal seta distinctly more than half as long as ventrobasal seta. Mentum with tooth present, simple, paramedial region shallowly foveate, one pair of mental setae present. Glosal sclerite (ligula) with one pair of setae. Submentum with one or two pairs of setae. Gula without transverse grooves. Antennomeres 3 and 4 without pubescence, ratio A3/A5 = 1.1–1.2.

Pronotum. Fig. 7b . Disc anterior to sub-basal constriction slightly to moderately longitudinally ovoid in dorsal view with base distinctly pedunculate, widest at or slightly posterior to middle of discal region, ratio PL/PW = 1.2–1.3, disk markedly convex; apical margination absent; lateral margination present, narrow, delineated only on base; basal margination absent; anterior transverse impression shallow, broad and vaguely delineated, smooth or finely and very sparsely punctate; median longitudinal impression moderately impressed; posterior transverse impression deep, sharply delineated; anterior region faintly and sparsely rugulose; pronotal base coarsely and sparsely to densely punctate; one pair of midlateral pronotal setae present at mid-length of discal region; basolateral pronotal setae absent.

Elytra. Elytral silhouette ovoid, short, widest at middle, ratio EL/EW male and female = 1.5, greatest elevation above lateral margin (in lateral view) posterior to middle; humeri narrow, sloped, indistinct; lateral margins markedly arcuate, or markedly arcuate and faintly angulate sub-basally; parascutellar striole present, short, distally merged in a distinct jog with free base of stria 1. Eight striae present; stria 1 moderately deeply and sharply impressed, striae 2 to 3, 4, or 5 moderately impressed in basal two-thirds of striae and successively more shallowly impressed in apical third, striae 3 to 8 successively more shallowly impressed laterally and apically, striae 8 merged with lateral groove throughout it length or nearly so; stria 1 moderately punctate at least in basal half, 2 to 3, 4, or 5 moderately punctate in basal two-thirds and successively more shallowly and sparsely punctate in apical third, striae 3 to 8 successively more shallowly and sparsely punctate laterally and apically. Elytral microsculpture distinct, comprised of moderately impressed isodiametric sculpticells. Parascutellar seta present at base of stria 2, discal setae absent, umbilicate series comprised of one post-humeral and two preapical setae.

Hindwings. Vestigial, incapable of supporting flight.

Thoracic venter. Metepisternum ratio ML/MW = 1.4–1.6.

Legs. Hind trochanters asetose. Tarsomeres without dorsal pubescence; tarsomere 5 with two or more pairs of setae ventrally; male protarsi with pads of adhesive setae on tarsomeres 1 to 3 ventrally, male mesotarsi with pads of adhesive setae on tarsomeres 1 and 2 ventrally.

Abdomen. Sternite VI of both male and female with one pair of apicoparamedial setae.

Male genitalia. As in Fig. 35 .

Comments. Features distinguishing members of this species from those of the three others (namely, B. bicoloratum , B. gaoligongense , and B. gongshanense ) with indistinct elytral humeri and distinct metallic reflection on the elytra but with the forebody (head and pronotum) without metallic reflection (or with that reflection confined to the pronotal area anterior to the anterior transverse impression) have been addressed above in the Comments sections for each of those species.

No Broscosoma species known from outside of the study area has members with a distinct band of green metallic reflection on the apical portion of an otherwise dark and non-metallic pronotum such as is seen in B. viridicollare members. This feature, in combination with their relatively large size, head with the tempora enlarged and subangulate, and elytral microsculpture finely impressed but distinct, distinguishes them from those of all other described species, including B. montreuille and B. tiani .

Habitat distribution. In daytime, members of this species have been found under stones along roadcuts and trails through bamboo and Rhododendron thickets ( Fig. 40b ), in scattered stands of Abies sp. with sparse understory, in moist alpine meadow areas and stable talus slopes, and along small to medium-sized streams. The beetles are active on the surface at night in the same areas. This species is found at moderately high elevations, with our records documenting its occurrence in the 3100 to 3710 m range ( Fig. 49 ).

Geographical distribution within the Gaoligong Shan. Fig. 34b . We examined a total of 21 specimens (13 males and 8 females), all from the northcentral part of the Gaoligong Shan in Fugong County on the eastern side of the range in Core Area 3 ( Fig. 48 ) (see Type material above for exact collection data).

Overall geographical distribution. This species currently is known only from the northcentral part of the Gaoligong Shan, in western Yunnan Province, China.

Geographical relationships with other Broscosoma species. Members of this species have been found together (syntopic) with those of B. ribbei , B. furvum and B. parvum at one or more sites ( Fig. 50 ). They have been found syntopic also with specimens of Broscodera chukuai .

Figures

FIGURE 7. Forebody, Broscosoma species, dorsal aspect. a. B. furvum sp. nov. (CASENT1020001; first cirque S of Shibali Yakou, Fugong County, Yunnan, China); b. B. viridicollare sp. nov. (CASENT1022787; 8.5 km above Shibali, Lishadi Twonship, Fugong County, Yunnan, China); c. B. bicoloratum sp. nov. (CASENT1026704; slope NW of Heipu Yakou, Dulongjiang Townhip, Gongshan County, Yunnan, China); d. B. gaoligongense Deuve and Wrase (CASENT1027285; just W of Fenxue Yakou, Pianma Township, County, Yunnan, China); e. B. gongshanense sp. nov. (CASENT1008139; Dongshaofang area, Gongshan County, Yunnan, China).

FIGURE 34. Broscosoma viridicollare sp. nov. a. Habitus (CASENT1022787; 8.5 km above Shibali, Lishadi Twonship, Fugong County, Yunnan, China), dorsal aspect, scale line = 1.0 mm; b. Map showing locality records (blue circles) for this species in the Gaoligong Shan region, scale line = 100 km.

FIGURE 35. Male genitalia, Broscosoma viridicollare sp. nov. (CASENT1017820; second cirque S of Shibali Yakou, Lumadeng Township, Fugong County, Yunnan, China). a. Right paramere, lateral aspect; b. Left paramere, lateral aspect; c. Median lobe, left lateral aspect; d. Median lobe, ventral aspect; scale line = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 40. Photographs of habitats for broscine species in the Gaoligong Shan region. a. SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan on slope NE of Chukuai Lake, 3950 m, 27.982°/098.480°, Bingzhongluo Township, Gongshan County, Yunnan (habitat for Brosocodera chukuai sp. nov.); b. Second cirque S of Shibali Yakou at border post “31”, 3710 m, 27.203°/098.693°, Lumadeng Township, Fugong County, Yunnan (habitat for Brosocodera chukuai sp. nov., Broscosoma furvum sp. nov., and Broscosoma viridicollare sp. nov.). Photos by David H. Kavanaugh.

FIGURE 48. Chart showing the representation of broscine species in project-designated Core Areas (see Fig. 3) in the Gaoligong Shan region.

FIGURE 49. Chart illustrating the altitudinal ranges of broscine species represented in the Gaoligong Shan region. Green bars mark the elevational range recorded for each species.

FIGURE 50. Chart illustrating the co-occurence (syntopy) of broscine species in samples from the same habitats and at the same sites in the Gaoligong Shan region. Incidents of syntopy marked in black represent confirmed co-occurrence, those marked in grey not confirmed by records but likely.