Procellariidae, Leach, 1820

Somenzari, Marina, Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do, Cueto, Víctor R., Guaraldo, André de Camargo, Jahn, Alex E., Lima, Diego Mendes, Lima, Pedro Cerqueira, Lugarini, Camile, Machado, Caio Graco, Martinez, Jaime, Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do, Pacheco, José Fernando, Paludo, Danielle, Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti, Serafini, Patrícia Pereira, Silveira, Luís Fábio, Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de, Sousa, Nathália Alves de, Souza, Manuella Andrade de, Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues & Whitney, Bret Myers, 2018, An overview of migratory birds in Brazil, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58, pp. 1-66 : 5-7

Procellariidae

Macronectes giganteus (MGT) : has a circumpolar distribution on southern seas and breeds from October to March in Antarctica and on islands from Chile to Argentina east through subantarctic islands to Heard and Macquarie Islands ( Carboneras, 1992c; Olmos et al., 2006; Grantsau, 2010). Adults move only through waters that are adjacent to colonies, but the young perform circumpolar migration across the southern ocean when leaving the nest, with mainly westerly winds, before returning to the colony ( Olmos, 2002a; Olmos et al., 2006). Birds banded as chicks and/or juveniles in South Georgia (Bird Island), South Orkney Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula between January and March were recovered in Brazil between June and October in the states of RJ, SC and RS ( Olmos, 2002a). Brazilian museum records confirm that pattern from specimens collected in RJ in July (MNRJ) and from SP in June and SC in July (MZUSP). Nestlings (n = 10) banded between January and March on Elephant Island were mostly recovered in RS, but also in SC, PR, SP and RJ between June and November and in the Atol das Rocas/RN in February (SNA, 2016). There is one other recovery in Brazil in June without a known locality, which is of a chick banded in Australia in January ( Sick, 1997). In addition, there are records of juveniles for RJ, SP, SC and RS between March and November (WikiAves, 2016).

Macronectes halli (MGT) : breeds on South Georgia, Prince Edward , Crozet , Kerguelen , Macquarie , Auckland , Campbell , Antipodes and Chatham Islands and moves broadly through southern seas, usually between latitudes 30°S and 64°S. It is possible that the young circumnavigate before returning to the colony for the first time ( Carboneras, 1992c). In Brazil, there are records for the coast in the states of SP and RS ; most are from September to December ( Carlos et al., 2005b). There are photographic records for the municipalities of Rio Grande and Tavares in RS between August and October (WikiAves, 2016) and museum records from SP in September and October ( MZUSP) .

Fulmarus glacialoides (MGT) : occurs in the southern seas and breeds in Antarctica and neighboring islands, migrating during austral winter to the southern coasts of Oceania, Africa and South America ( Carboneras, 1992c). In Brazil, records are mainly from the southern and southeastern coasts, and can be observed in RS from June to November ( Belton, 1984; WikiAves, 2016; MNRJ), in RJ in June (WikiAves, 2016), July and September (MNRJ) and in SP in February, August and September (MZUSP). In BA, one specimen (MZUSP 101816) was collected in Mangue Seco, Jandaíra in July 1994 ( Lima, 2006).

Daption capense (MGT) : breeds on subantarctic islands, in the Peninsula and in continental Antarctica. It begins moving between February and March and reaches Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico and even northern California. On the Atlantic coast, it reaches Uruguay and Brazil, where it was recorded for northern RJ ( Carlos et al., 2004b). Two individuals recovered in Brazil in September (Santos/SP and São Francisco do Sul/SC) were banded in the South Orkneys in February ( Sick, 1997; Olmos, 2002a). In addition, one specimen was collected in June 1863 in Cabo de São Roque/RN ( Carlos et al., 2004b) and another four in the municipality of Lauro de Freitas/BA in August 1999 ( Lima, 2006). There are also records for SC and RS between June and October (WikiAves, 2016). Museum records indicate presence in RS in July (MNRJ) and in SP in July and August (MZUSP).

[ Pterodroma madeira ] (MGT): breeds only on Madeira Island, with an estimated population of only 80-85 pairs before the fire in 2010 that devastated its breeding site ( Flood & Fisher, 2013). Geolocation studies suggest that the species is highly dispersive on the Atlantic Ocean, but it visits the Brazilian coast regularly during the non-breeding season ( Zino et al., 2011).

[ Pterodroma deserta ] (MGT): moves through the subtropical waters of the Atlantic, returning to the breeding sites on Madeira Island in Portugal in June ( Carboneras, 1992c). This species’ breeding season extends from early June to mid-November. Its migration starts in November, and wintering areas are usually reached around 10 days later. Geolocation data showed that 17 individuals band- ed on Bugio Island remained in northern Atlantic waters before laying eggs, incubating and caring for the young. Two wintering areas were identified on the coast of Brazil: one between the states of CE and PE, and another to the south, near the Tropic of Capricorn. Return migration usually starts in the second week of May ( Ramírez et al., 2013).

Pterodroma mollis (MGT) : occurs mainly between latitudes 30°S and 60°S on the Atlantic and Indian oceans and, during winter, in the southern seas below the Tropic of Capricorn ( Carboneras, 1992c). Three specimens were found at Cassino beach/RS in September and October ( Vooren & Fernandes, 1989). There are also records for SE in May ( Carboneras, 1992c), SC in June and two more for the coast of RS in November (WikiAves, 2016). Brazilian museum records indicate the species presence in BA in February, August and September and in SP in May (MZUSP; MNRJ).

Pterodroma incerta (MGT) : breeds in Tristan da Cunha ( Sick, 1997) and moves through the South Atlantic between the South American and African coasts ( Carboneras, 1992c). In Brazil, three individuals were collect- ed in RS: one in November 1972 and two in March 1973 ( Belton, 1984). Two specimens were collected at Tucuruí Dam in eastern PA in September 1984, 400 km away from the coast (MPEG). This species uses the southern and southeastern coasts of Brazil as a feeding area, but there are also records for the northeastern region (Bugoni, in press). There are photographic records for SC in February and June, and only one record for Mangue Seco/ BA in June (WikiAves, 2016). For RS state the records are from the period between October and April (WikiAves, 2016; MNRJ) and in SP the collected specimens are from January, September and November (MZUSP).

Pachyptila desolata (MGT) : breeds on the islands of Crozet, Kerguelen, Macquarie, Heard, in Auckland, Arco Scotia, South Georgia, South Sandwich, South Shetland and in Antarctica between October and March, and moves through the southern Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans (where it is rarer). After breeding it migrates north, and there are records for Brazil for PE in July ( Carlos et al., 2005a) and for Marajó Island/PA in August ( Martuscelli et al., 1997). In RS, four specimens were found dead at Cassino beach (in June, July, October and November) and another one was collected to the south of Pinhal in September 1990 ( Belton, 1994).There are records in June and July for RS (WikiAves, 2016; MNRJ) and for the Arvoredo Marine Biological Reserve in SC ( Naka et al., 2002). In July and August in SP ( Martuscelli et al., 1997; MZUSP; MPEG), RJ (MNRJ). In BA, this species is largely recorded throughout the coast between May and July (C.G. Machado, pers. obs.) with photographic and museum records, respectively, in June and July (WikiAves, 2016; MNRJ).

Pachyptila belcheri (MGT) :occurs in the southern Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. Geolocation studies show that the species flies north for as far as 3,000 km after breeding ( Carboneras, 1992c). Brazil is used as a wintering area ( Martuscelli et al., 1997). There are widespread records on the coast of BA between May and July (C.G. Machado, pers. obs.; WikiAves, 2016; MNRJ). In RJ, specimens have been collected in June-August (MNRJ). In SP, the specimens were collected in June-August and October and December (MZUSP; MPEG; MNRJ). In RS, it is considered common in the Cassino beach region, although time of year is not specified ( Belton, 1994).

Bulweria bulwerii (MGT) : has a pantropical distribution and moves through tropical and subtropical waters across the Atlantic,Indian and Pacific oceans.The Atlantic populations migrate to deep equatorial waters between Cape Verde and the Brazilian coast after breeding ( Carboneras, 1992). Records in Brazil are quite rare, with only one photographic record for Campos dos Goitacazes/RJ in December ( Klein, 2011 ). However, recent geolocation studies determined that parts of the Brazilian territorial sea are regular wintering areas between August and May ( Dias et al., 2015).

Procellaria aequinoctialis (MGT) : nests on the Malvinas / Falklands and South Georgia on the Atlantic Ocean. It also breeds on Prince Edward and Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen, Auckland, Campbell and Antipodes ( Neves et al., 2006). It moves broadly through the three oceans between latitudes 30°S and 55°S. In Brazil, it is more common southern and southeastern coastal regions ( Carboneras, 1992c). Data from geolocators and from satellite transmitters showed that ten individuals captured in South Georgia migrated to areas east of the La Plata River estuary in Argentina and wintered between February and April between Tierra del Fuego and southeastern Brazil until October,when they returned to South Georgia to breed and then lay eggs between November and December ( Phillips et al., 2006). In Brazil, there are records for RS in July, August, September, November, December, April and May ( Belton, 1984; MNRJ; MZUSP). In April-October at the coast of SP and RJ ( Sick, 1997; MNRJ; MZUSP).There are also records for the coast of BA in April and May (WikiAves, 2016), as well as specimens collect- ed in June-August (MZUSP; MNRJ). In PA, the records are from August and September ( Sick, 1997; MPEG).

Procellaria conspicillata (MGT) : breeds on Inaccessible, Tristan da Cunha and Gough Islands ( Olmos et al., 2006). It moves broadly on the Atlantic between latitudes 23°S and 36°S, between the South American coast (from southeastern Brazil to Uruguay) and the African coast ( Carboneras, 1992c). In Brazil, it occurs on the southern and southeastern coastal regions ( Grantsau, 2010), and there are records for RS in September and November, SC in February,June,July, August and November,and for PR, Espírito Santo (ES) and BA in May (WikiAves, 2016).

Calonectris borealis (MGT) : individuals were equipped with geolocators at three different breeding sites (the Azores, Canary Islands and Mediterranean). Four out of the eight individuals equipped in the Azores and one out of the seven equipped on Canary Islands wintered in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, associated with the Brazil Current ( González-Solís et al., 2007). In February 1971, one specimen banded on Savage Islands (between Canary Islands and Madeira) was found dead in Tramandaí/ RS and six other individuals were collected on the same beach (February, March, April, October and December) ( Belton, 1984).There are photographic records for almost the entire Brazilian coast from RS to MA between November and June (WikiAves, 2016). Museum specimens were collected in July-August in BA and in January in SP (MZUSP).

Calonectris edwardsii (MGT) : breeds in Cape Verde, from where it migrates between November and February to winter in little-known areas. On the Brazilian coast, there are records for BA – two individuals were collected at Praia do Forte in June of 1995 ( Lima et al., 2002), for SP in May, for PR in December (WikiAves, 2016) and for RS in May ( Petry et al., 2000). This characterizes the species as a migrant in the Brazilian open sea. It is probably record- ed when flying to the productive waters of the southern platform and Subtropical Convergence ( Olmos & Bugoni, 2006).

Puffinus griseus (MGT) : is a widespread species that occurs on all seas ( Carboneras, 1992c; Grantsau, 2010). It nests in Chile, Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, Malvinas /Falklands and islands around Tierra del Fuego from November to April. It also performs transequatorial migrations outside this period ( Cooper et al., 1991; Carboneras, 1992c; Hamilton et al., 1997; Petry et al., 2008). They reach RJ every year and rarely BA during austral winter ( Sick, 1983). The records for Brasil are located in: BA in May, June, October and November ( Lima, 2006; WikiAves, 2016; MZUSP); RJ in May, June and October (WikiAves, 2016; MNRJ); SP in May to August (WikiAves, 2016; MZUSP); SC in May-June (WikiAves, 2016) and RS in different months with a population peak in July ( Petry et al., 2008).

Puffinus gravis (MGT) : breeds on the Malvinas /Falklands, Tristan da Cunha and Gough (November to April) in southern Atlantic waters ( Carboneras, 1992c). Its transequatorial migration begins in April and it returns to the colony in September ( Harrison, 1983).This species comes near the Brazilian coast between April and May, when it is flying from the south to the north ( Sick, 1997). It is recorded for the northeastern region of Brazil between May and June ( Carboneras, 1992c), and for RS in August, October and November, as well as March and May ( Petry et al., 2008). Most records are from April to July for the southern and southeastern regions, but there are also records for BA (WikiAves, 2016; MNRJ; MZUSP).

Puffinus puffinus (MGT) : breeds on the sea of Ireland and stays on the South American coast during boreal winter from December to March ( Guilford et al., 2008), especially between Brazil and Argentina, according to data from bands and satellite transmitters ( Carboneras, 1992c). This species performs transequatorial and transatlantic migrations. Data from 12 geolocators suggests that migration southwards is through the western African coast, across to the Brazilian coast by the shortest route and then to the south and southwest to winter near the coast of Argentina, south of the La Plata River. The return to the north tends to go through a short westward route through the eastern Caribbean to the east coast of the USA and then through the North Atlantic. All individuals made stops ranging from a couple of days to two weeks in different places and dates ( Guilford et al., 2009). Individuals banded in Wales, Ireland and Scotland in July, August and September were recovered in 13 Brazilian states, especially in the southern and southeastern regions of the country, in SC, SP, RS and RJ in September, October, November and December ( Mestre et al., 2010). In Brazil, museum records are from September-December in RJ, SP and RS, and in BA there are isolated records in July and November (MZUSP, MNRJ).

Puffinus lherminieri (MGT) : its movements are little known. It occurs in Bermuda, Caribbean, Galápagos Islands, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and, in Brazil, throughout the southeastern and northeastern coasts ( Efe & Musso, 2001; Silva-e-Silva & Olmos, 2010). In Brazil, it currently breeds only on Morro da Viuvinha and Morro do Leão Islands in Fernando de Noronha/PE. The Brazilian population is restricted to 30 fully grown individuals and tends to stabilize, with no signs of influx from individuals from foreign populations (Efe & Serafini, in press). Data from banding and recapture of the young and of adults confirms nest fidelity; the species returns to breed with the same partner every year ( Efe, 2004).