Thoopterus suhaniahae, Maryanto et al., 2012

Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Pteropodidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 16-162 : 75

24.

Suhaniah’s Swift Fruit Bat

Thoopterus suhaniahae

French: Cynoptere de Suhaniah / German: Suhaniah-Schwarzfligelflughund / Spanish: Toptérido de Suhaniah

Taxonomy. Thoopterus suhaniahae Maryanto et al., 2012 ,

“ Indonesia, Central Sulawesi ... Lore Lindu National Park, Watumeta (23°57'S, 120° 18'07"E, 1125 m).”

This species is monotypic.

Distribution. Talaud Is and Sulawesi, including nearby Wowoni L

Descriptive notes. Head-body 89- 109 mm (tail minute or absent), ear 16-19 mm, forearm 74-82 mm; weight 52-100 g. Males are slightly larger than females in most dimensions. Head of Suhaniah’s Swift Fruit Bat has relatively long muzzle, nostrils are short and barely divergent, philtrum reaches upperlip, and lower lip has two large and flat triangular pads. Eyes are moderately large. Ears are short and rounded. Head pelage is darker than body, moderately long, dense, and dark grayish brown; nape has short guard hairs; dorsal pelage is long (c. 10 mm), dark brown, and darker in rump. Uropatagium 1s narrow at center, with dorsal hairs extending also over tibia; underside of uropatagium is furred to its proximal one-half; and calcar is moderately long (10-11 mm). Chest and belly are brownish gray, and flanks are washed with warmer brown. Wing membranes are black from sides of body and attach to second toe; index claw is present. Skull is robust, without basicranial deflection; rostrum is short and deep; orbit is large with obvious rim; zygomatic root is from above alveolar line; zygomais moderately thick and strongly arched throughout; and braincase is round. Dorsally, rostrum is broad; paranasal recesses are moderately visible; postorbital processes are directed posterolaterally; there is no postorbital foramen; postorbital constriction is long and obvious; braincase is oval; sagittal crest is marked; and nuchal crestis large, projecting posteriorly. Ventrally, palate is flat, with diverging tooth rows; postdental is moderately short, and sides are slightly convergent; end of post-dental palate is straight; and ectotympanic is small and wide anteriorly. Mandible is moderately thick; coronoid is tall, almost vertical with wide tip; condyle is very wide; and angle is distinct. There are 9-10 arched interdental palatal ridges, and posterior one-half is divided at middle, followed by three post-dental, divided ridges, the last one denticulate, possibly a last ill-defined ridge, denticulate, near end of post-dental palate. Upper incisors are conical, with I' slightly longer than I; C' is large, long, and almost straight, with anterointernal groove and strong inner cingulum, longer and bulkier in males; P' is small; posterior cheekteeth are large, very long, and of very similar length, with squarish outline and lingual cusps reduced; and M' is more rectangular. Lower incisors are small and crowded; C, is rather small and straight, with cingulum; P is well developed; posterior cheekteeth are tall; large premolars are very wide and squarish, with reduced lingual cusp and strong surface cusp; and M,is very low, small, and peg-like. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38, FN = 64, and FNa = 60, with two pairs of metacentric, six pairs of submetacentric, four pairs of subtelocentric, and six pairs of telocentric autosomes. X-chromosome is metacentric.

Habitat. Lowland, hill, and montane rainforest at elevations of 60-2100 m. Suhaniah’s Swift Fruit Bats are more common in primary forests at low and middle elevations.

Food and Feeding. Suhaniah’s Swift Fruit Bat is primarily frugivorous. Strong dentition suggests that some hard fruits are included in the diet.

Breeding. No information.

Activity patterns. No information.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.

Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The [UCN Red List. Suhaniah’s Swift Fruit Bat is reported to be one of the most abundant bat species in Sulawesi. It is likely affected by hunting in North and Central Sulawesi and deforestation throughoutits distribution.

Bibliography. Maryanto (2004), Mubarok et al. (2018).

Figures

15. Brooks's Dayak Fruit Bat (Dyacopterus brooksi), 16. Common Dayak Fruit Bat (Dyacopterus spadiceus), 17. Philippine Large-headed Fruit Bat (Dyacopterus rickarti), 18. Blanford’s Fruit Bat (Sphaerias blanfordi), 19. Bornean Spotted-winged Fruit Bat (Balionycteris maculata), 20. Malayan Spotted-winged Fruit Bat (Balionycteris seemundi), 21. Bornean Pygmy Fruit Bat (Aethalops aequalis), 22. Common Pygmy Fruit Bat (Aethalops alecto), 23. Common Swift Fruit Bat (Thoopterus nigrescens), 24. Suhaniah’s Swift Fruit Bat (Thoopterus suhaniahae), 25. Mindanao Pygmy Fruit Bat (Alionycteris paucidentata), 26. Fischer’s Pygmy Fruit Bat (Haplonycteris fischeri), 27. Luzon Pygmy Fruit Bat (Otopteropus cartilagonodus), 28. Salim Ali’s Fruit Bat (Latidens salimaliz), 29. Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat (Chironax melanocephalus), 30. Sulawesi Black-capped Fruit Bat (Chironax tumulus), 31. Lucas’s Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Penthetor lucasu)

Distribution. Talaud Is and Sulawesi, including nearby Wowoni L