Crassignatha pianma Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009

Miller, Jeremy, Griswold, Charles & Yin, Chang, 2009, The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers, ZooKeys 11 (11), pp. 9-195 : 70-71

Crassignatha pianma Miller, Griswold & Yin , sp. n.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AD950C98-9B09-40AC-85FE-04154475586F

Figs 67I , 72 C-D, 74-75 , 76 A-B, 77 , 78 A-D, 79 A-B, 98

Material Examined. Holotype: CHINA: Yunnan: Lushui Co., Pianma Township, Chang Yan He , 9.3 km ESE Pianma, 25.99363°N, 98.66651°E, 2470 m, 13-15 May 2005, mixed broadleaf deciduous and evergreen forest, dusting small webs near ground in forest understory, C. Griswold, CGY104 (CASENT 9022600, HNU), 1♁.

Paratypes: [same data as holotype] (CASENT 9029339, PV 0756-0758 , CAS), 1♀ ; [same data as holotype] (CASENT 9029340, PV 0734-0735 , CAS), 1 ♁; [same data as holotype] (CASENT 9029341, PV 0770-0778 , CAS), 1♀ ; [same data as holotype] (CASENT 9022360, HNU), 2 ♁, 6 ♀, 1 juv ; [same data as holotype] (CASENT 9022361, CAS), 3 ♁, 5 ♀, 1 juv.

Etymology. Named for the type locality.

Diagnosis. Male distinguished from other Crassignatha by the embolus shape ( Fig. 75A ), which is shorter than any other species.

Female distinguished by the procurved scape ( Figs 76A , 79B ) composed of two lobes of equal width ( Figs 76B , 79A ) in combination with ducts that do not run anteriorly between the spermathecae; other Crassignatha have the scape oriented ventrally to posteroventrally ( Figs 76F , 79D ) with the distal lobe of the scape more narrow than the basal lobe ( Figs 76G , 79C ) and/or with the ducts running anteriorly between the spermathecae before turning posteriorly ( Figs 76I , 89B, D ).

Description. Carapace orange-brown with small tubercles and sulci. Sternum orange-brown. Legs orange, femora I and II slightly swollen basally in female. Abdomen subspherical, light to medium gray, with numerous small sclerotized patches, some bearing long setae, male with single orange scutum laterally and posteriorly, female with small sclerite around spinnerets ( Fig. 74 ).

Male palp: Median apophysis with two tapered distal processes. Embolus short, thick, and rigid, making a single turn ( Fig. 75A , 77A ).

Vulva : Scape slightly procurved ( Figs 76A , 79B ), with distal and basal lobes of equal width ( Figs 76B , 79A ). Spermathecae separated by their diameter. Ducts arise from posteromesal part of spermathecae, follow complex path mostly posterior to spermathecae before reaching openings near apex of scape.

Male (CASENT 9022360): Total length 0.86, carapace 0.43 long, 0.40 wide, clypeus 0.15, sternum 0.28 long, 0.26 wide, coxa IV separated by 2.15 times their width. Leg I: patella d1, tibia d2, metatarsus slightly sinuous, with two stiff bristles prolaterally; Leg II: patella d1, tibia d2, v3, metatarsus excavated proximoventrally; Leg III: patella d1, tibia d1; Leg IV: patella d1, tibia d1. Metatarsal trichobothria: TmI: 0.43; TmII: 0.44; TmIII: absent. Leg measurements: see Appendix A.

Female (CASENT 9022360): Total length 1.10, carapace 0.49 long, 0.45 wide, clypeus 0.11, sternum 0.30 long, 0.27 wide, coxa IV separated by 1.41 times their width. Leg I: patella d1, tibia d2; Leg II: patella d1, tibia d2; Leg III: patella d1, tibia d1; Leg IV: patella d1, tibia d1. Metatarsal trichobothria: TmI: 0.43; TmII: 0.46; TmIII: absent. Leg measurements: see Appendix A.

Natural History. This species builds a horizontal orb web ( Fig. 72 C-D).

Figures

Figure 67. A-D, Patu jidanweishi sp. n. from Chang Yan He; E, F, Patu qiqi from QiQi He; G, H; Patu xiaoxiao sp. n. from Chang Yan He; I, Crassignatha pianma sp. n. from Chang Yan He. A, E, G, I, epigynum, ventral view; B, epigynum, lateral view; C, F, H, cleared vulva, dorsal view; D, eggs.

Figure 72. Webs of symphytognathid spiders. A, Patu jidanweishi sp. n., female from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve; B, Patu jidanweishi sp. n., male from Pianma; C, D, Crassignatha pianma sp. n., female from Chang Yan He; E, Crassignatha yinzhi sp. n., female from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve.

Figure 74. Crassignatha pianma sp. n. from Chang Yan He. A, male, lateral; B, female, lateral; C, female, dorsal; D, female, ventral; E, male leg II, prolateral.

Figure 75. Crassignatha pianma sp. n. from Chang Yan He, male palp. A, prolateral; B, retrolateral. CB: cymbium; CT: cymbial tooth; E: embolus; EM: embolic membrane; MA: median apophysis; T: tegulum.

Figure 76. A, B, Crassignatha pianma sp. n. from Chang Yan He; C, D, Crassignatha yinzhi from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve; E-G, Crassignatha quanqu sp. n. from Bang Bie village; H, I, Crassignatha yamu sp. n. from Yamu He. A, F, epigynum, lateral view; B, D, G, I, cleared vulva, dorsal view; C, E, H, epigynum, ventral view. CD: copulatory duct; S: spermatheca.

Figure 77. Crassignatha pianma sp. n. from Chang Yan He, SEM. A-E, male; F, female. A, palp, prolateral; B, palp, retrolateral; C, palp, dorsal; D, distal ventral part of tibia II showing presumed mating claspers; E, F, prosoma, lateral. CB: cymbium; CT: cymbial tooth; E: embolus; EM: embolic membrane; MA: median apophysis; T: tegulum; TI: tibia; PA: patella.

Figure 78. SEM. A-D, Crassignatha pianma sp. n. from Chang Yan He; E, Crassignatha yinzhi from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve; F, Crassignatha quanqu sp. n. from Bang Bie village. A, female chelicera removed from prosoma, note single asymetrically bifid tooth; B, labrum, anterior, female; C, labrum, lateral, female; D, male metatarsus-tarsus joint, arrow indicates tarsal organ; E, epiandrous region; F, prosoma, lateral, male. Arrows in B and C indicate maximum extension of labrum.

Figure 79. SEM, epigynum. A, B, Crassignatha pianma sp. n. from Chang Yan He; C, D, Crassignatha yinzhi from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve; E, F, Crassignatha quanqu sp. n. from Bang Bie village. A, C, E, ventral; B, D, F, lateral, anterior to the right. BL: basal lobe of scape; DL: distal lobe of scape.

Figure 89. A, B, Crassignatha ertou sp. n. from Zaotang He; C, D, Crassignatha gudu sp. n. from Zaotang He; E, F, Crassignatha longtou sp. n. from Yamu He. A, C, E, epigynum, ventral view; B, D, F, cleared vulva, dorsal view. CD: copulatory duct; S: spermatheca.

Figure 98. Distribution map, inset map shows study area. White: Simaoa maku sp. n.; blue: Simaoa bianjing sp. n.; red: Gaoligonga changya sp. n.; yellow:Gaoligonga zhusun sp. n.; orange: Crassignatha pianma sp. n.; purple: Crassignatha yinzhi sp. n.