Gagea luteoides Stapf, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss.

Tekşen, Mehtap & Erkul, Seher Karaman, 2015, The synopsis of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) in Turkey, Phytotaxa 230 (1), pp. 101-129 : 111-113

Gagea luteoides Stapf, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. , Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 8 (1885)

= Gagea syriaca A.Terracc., Boll. Soc. Orto Palermo , 2, 3: 9 (1904). = Gagea sintenisii Pascher, Lotos 52: 126 (1904) = Gagea assyria A.Terracc. Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. 2, 5: 1122 (1905) = Gagea mesopotamica Bornm., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 172 (1917).

Type (lectotype designated by Rix 1984: 321 as the holotype): — TURKEY. Adiyaman, in monte Nemrud Dagh, prope Kjachta (Kahta), 1883, F. Luschan s.n. ( WU!).

Specimens seen: — TURKEY. Adana: dist. Saimbeyli (Anti-Taurus), Bozoğlan mountain at Obruk plateau, 13 April 1957, Davis 26682 & Hedge ( E!) ; Ağrı: Aşagı mountain complex, 18 June 1977, J. Watson 5648 ( E!) ; Ankara: Kızılcahamam, Soğuksu Milli Parkı, around of Çakmaklı , wet places, 1530 m, 31 March 1990, Ö. Eyüpoğlu 1301 ( GAZI!) ; Central Taurus (Isavria), Ibradi district , Gembos pasture, 365 3659 E 41211 N, 1300–1400 m a.s.l., on limestone, 24 March 2010, L. Peruzzi ( PI!) ; Artvin: Şavşat, Kocabey barrack, Camuz Patlatan state, rocky places, 1900–1950 m, 14 May 2004, H. Altınözlü 3940 ( HUB!) ; Bitlis: Tatvan, Sorgun , Van lake coast, volcanik terrain, 1650–1700 m, 28 May 1972, H. Peşmen 2748 ( HUB!) ; Tatvan, 8th and 16th kms of Kesan river , 1250 m, 8 April 2004, T. Ç. 1018 ( VANF!) ; Şikirin hill, 1700 m, rocky places, 4 May 2003, A. A. 2924 ( VANF!) ; Adilcevaz, N of Bahçedere village , alpin meadows, 2100 m, 10 May 1988, L. Behçet 696 ( VANF!) ; Erzincan: Çağlayan, Banadere, hills and plateau, Munzur mountains , 1800–2300 m, 24 April 1980, Ş. Yıldırımlı 2613 ( ANK!) ; Kemaliye, Sırakonaklar village, Mazbanbaşı , moving rocks, 1650 m, 14 April 2006, M. Vural s.n. ( GAZI!) ; Erzurum: Karaçoban, around of Kırmızı Tuzla , steppe, 1747 m, 29 April 2006, LFM 109 ( VANF!) ; 15 km E of Erzurum, 18 April 1972, Pertti Votila 15655 ( E!) ; Erzurum-Bayburt road, 19 April 1960, Stainton 8212 ( E!) ; Hakkari: Karadağ, 11.500 ft., earty slopes near snow, 16 August 1954, Davis 24459 & O. Polunin ( ANK!) ; Içel: Toros, Siehe 206 ( ANK!) ; Kars: Çıldır-Ardahan , before 5 km Ardahan, wet places, 20 April 1957, H. Birand & K. Karamanoğlu 297a ( ANK!) ; Yalnızçam mountain, Yalnızçam- Ardanuç, c. 1500 m, melting snow, 16 June 1957, Davis 29648 & Hedge ( ANK!) ; Posof, Sarıçiçek village, Gönülaçan forest , plateau of Doğrular village , throughout Posof-plateau road, 1900–2200 m, 8 May 1986, N. Demirkuş 3483 ( HUB!) ; Aralık, Ağrı mountain, Serdarbulak plateau, 17 May 1953, T. Baytop 50484 ( K!) ; Küçük Ararat , c. 1500 m, steppe, 17 April 1957, K. Karamanoğlu 281 ( ANK!) ; NE slope of Ağrı mountain, at Serdarbulak, 27 May 1966, Davis 43762 ( E!, K!) ; Kahramanmaraş: Göksun, Yanıklar state, clearings of Abies forest, 1600 m, 22 April 1978, B. Yıldız 1639 ( HUB!) ; Ahır mountain, Karagöl state, meadows, 1400–1500 m, 22 April 1992, Z. Aytaç 4513 & H. Duman ( GAZI!) ; Süleymanlı, Berit mountains, Çimen plateau, 2700 m, 11 June 1978, B. Yıldız 2041 ( HUB!) ; Ahır mountain, Hambur hill, steppe, 1800–2000 m, 2 May 1991, Z. Aytaç 3504 & H. Duman ( GAZI!) ; Engizek mountain, Kale village environment, 1700–1750 m, 23 April 1988, H. Duman 3855 ( GAZI!) ; Afşin, Arıtaş, S of Incir village , limestone rocks, 1700 m, 18 April 2010, Z. Aytaç 9527 & M. Tekşen ( GAZI!) ; Kayseri: Erciyes , mountain steppe, 2791 m, 17 June 2010, M. Tekşen 2534 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Erciyes mountain , steppe, 2800 m, 17 June 2010, M. Tekşen 2537 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Bakırdağ, 20 km from Bakırdağ to Saimbeyli , 9 April 1981, H. Malyer 876 ( ESSE!) ; Konya: Beyşehir, Dolama ridges, Quercus-Juniperus mixed forest, 1300 m, 27 March 1998, H. Altınözlü 2970 ( HUB!) ; Beyşehir, Ecirli, Çandır mountain , Pinus nigra-Juniperus excelsa açıklıkları, 1700 m, 10 April 1999, H. Altınözlü 3008 ( HUB!) ; Beyşehir, Yeşildağ, Dumanlı road, Dolama ridges, stony places, 1150–1300 m, 29 May 1998, H. Altınözlü 2965 ( HUB!) ; Ermenek, Yellibel , c. 1750 m, 4 April 1979, M. Vural 1232 ( ANK!) ; Hadim, Kızsini, Damlataş , under Abies cilicica , ca. 1600 m, 16 April 1987, M. Serin 1257 ( KNYA!) ; Ermenek, Yellibel , c. 1900 m, 4 April 1979, M. Vural 1231 ( KNYA!) ; Malatya: Doğanşehir, Erkenek-Gölbaşı , tunnel environment, rocky slopes, 1200 m, 12 April 1987, E. Aktoklu 291 ( HUB!) ; Mardin: steppe, limestone vineyards, c. 1100 m, 21 May 1957, Davis 28395 & Hedge ( ANK!) ; Muğla: Köyceğiz, Yayla village ( Ağla )- Yeşilköy , under Pinus brutia forest, 755 m, 4 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2692 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Köyceğiz, above Yayla village, SW of 2 km of Gökçeova lake , under and clearings of Pinus nigra forest, stream edge, dere kenarı, serpentine terrains, 1724 m, 25 April 2008, A. Güner 14585 ( GAZI!) ; Muş: Muş- Bingöl, 20 km from Muş, fields, c. 1350 m, 3 April 1978, A. Güner 1636 ( ANK!) ; 25 km from Varto road, Mercimek hill, gravelly rocks, 1500 m, 16 April 1983, T. Ekim 7032 ( GAZI!) ; Savaşçılar village, Anzak lowland, steppe, 1500 m, T. Ekim 7018 ( GAZI!) ; Savaşçılar village , oak groves, 1500 m, T. Ekim 7016 ( GAZI!) ; Malazgirt , Aktuzla village, roadsides, 1550 m, 21 April 2001, SA 1187 ( VANF!) ; Niğde: Aladağlar, Parmaktaş, Akşampınarı , steppe, 2042–2087 m, 2 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2360 & S. Karaman, A. Savran ( AKSU!) ; Tunceli: Ovacık, Munzur mountains, Kankale state, above Karataş village , 1800–2000 m, 8 May 1979, Ş. Yıldırımlı 1494 ( ANK!) ; Ovacık, Munzur mountains, Karagöl valley , 1400 m, 5 May 1979, Ş. Yıldırımlı 1328 ( ANK!) ; Urfa: Diyarbakır to Karacadağ, foot of Karacadağ , 2 April 1976, T. Baytop 34454 ( E!) ; Karacadağ , 15 April 1976, T. Baytop 34872 ( E!) ; Van: Başkale, Çaldıran village , S slopes of Türktepe, steppe, 2050 m, 23 March 2006, D. Avlamaz 570 ( VANF!) ; Van: Erciş- Patnos , meadows, 1914 m, 28 April 2011, M. Tekşen 2803 & S. Karaman ( GAZI!) ; Erciş- Patnos, 500 m to Patnos , meadows, 1900 m, 29 April 2011, M. Tekşen 2804 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Erciş- Hica, 5 km from Yukarıışıklı village, around of Koçköprü dam, steppe, 1916 m, 29 June 2010, M. Tekşen 2845 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Erciş, around of Altındere stud farm, meadows, 1848 m, 10 April 2006, O. Karabacak 4218 ( VANF!) ; Erciş, Altındere stud farm, fields, 1816 m, 12 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2426 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gürpınar, above Sapakonak village , meadows, 2547 m, 18 May 2013, M. Tekşen 2905 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gürpınar, above Hamurkesen village , 1965 m, steppe, 13 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2457 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gürpınar, above Tutmaç village , steppe, 2160 m, 13 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2467 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gürpınar, Yoldüştü village-Güzelsu, steppe, 2253 m, 13 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2453 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gürpınar, above Sapakonak village , meadows, 2536 m, 13 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2446 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gürpınar, above Yoldüştü village , meadows, 2200 m, 1 May 2002, M. Ünal 6781 ( VANF!) ; Bahçesaray, Karabel pass-Bahçesaray, rocky places, 2150 m, 11 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2406 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Bahçesaray, Ihtiyartaşı pass-Hizan, meadows, 2413 m, 11 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2408 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Bahçesaray, Karabel pass-Bahçesaray, rocky places, 2536 m, 11 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2403 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Bahçesaray, Kızılköprü-Hizan, 57 km to Hizan , steppe, 2255 m, 11 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2410 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Güzelsu, Güzelsu-Taşdöndüren village , steppe, 1998 m, 14 May 2010, M. Tekşen 2472 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Hoşap-Başkale, 20 km to Hoşap , rocky shadows, 2100 m, 23 May 1993, Y. Altan 4957 ( GAZI!) ; Muradiye, Ünseli , S slopes of Akçadağ, 1900 m, rocky shadows, 31 March 2002, O. Karabacak 2834 ( VANF!) ; dist. Gevaş, Artos mountain, 15 July 1954, Davis 22893 & O. Polunin ( E!) .

Flowering time: — March–June(–August).

Habitat: — Water meadows, steppe, by melting snow patches on screes, rocky and stony places, under forest and clearings, 755–3500 m.

Distribution: — Irano-Turanian element. Turkey (East and South Anatolia), Transcaucasus, Syria, Iran, Iraq (Govaerst 2015).

Gagea peduncularis (C.Presl) Pascher, Sitzungsber. Deutsch. Naturwiss. -Med. Vereins Böhmen “Lotos” Prag, n.s., 24: 114 (1904)

≡ Ornithogalum pedunculare C.Presl, Delic. Prag. 150 (1822).

Type (lectotype designated by Pascher 1906: 84): — ITALY. Sicily, in nemorosis umbrosis insulae Cretae, 1817, Sieber s.n. ( PRC!).

Specimens seen: — TURKEY. Antalya: Akseki, Geyran plateau, wet places, 1200–1300 m, 7 April 1995, A. Duran 2094 ( GAZI!) ; Kemer, Beycik village, S slopes of Tahtalı mountain , Pinus nigra forest, limestone rocky slopes, 800–900 m, 5 May 1975, A. Güner 1251 ( HUB!) ; Kemer, Yukarı Beycik village environment, S slopes, Pinus brutia-Cupressus sempervirens forest, 600–700 m, 24 March 1978, H. Peşmen 3626 & B. Yıldız ( HUB!) ; Western Taurus (Lycia), Thermessos National Park , near the ancient ruins, 1024 m a.s.l., 27 March 2010, L. Peruzzi ( PI!) ; Konya: Seydişehir- Kuğulu , limestone and metamorphic places, steppe, c. 1100 m, 22 March 1975, A. Güner & G. Doğruer 1225 ( HUB!) ; Murtiçi-Manavgat, 1 km to Fersinalan , edge of Pinus brutia forest, 634 m, 2 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2673 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Gazipaşa, Sugözü village, Belbaşı , 1500 m, 16 May 1983, H. Sümbül 1731 ( HUB!) ; Gazipaşa, Çörüş village, Sarıciğer neighborhood, Göçükkaya-Tatlısu state, 1200 m, 19 April 1983, H. Sümbül 1613 ( HUB!) ; Denizli: 71 km from Kavla to Muğla, 20 March 1977, T. Baytop 36534 ( K!) ; Eskişehir: Bozdağ, around Şoförler pond, 21 March 1981, K. H. C. Başer & H. Malyer 788 ( ESSE!) ; Gaziantep: 19 km from Bahçe , meadows, rocky places, 26 March 1975, H. Demiriz 347 ( ESSE!) ; Hatay: Nacar mountain above Antakya , limestone, rock slopes low maquis and wiry turf, few local, 8 March 1967, A. C. & W. 2463 ( E!, K!) ; Izmir: Selçuk, Efes-Meryemana , macchie, rocky places, 204 m, 6 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2726 & S. Karaman ( GAZI!) ; 1–2 km N of Selçuk , rocky places, 29 m, 6 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2729 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Içmeler, on the way to Çeşme , on the rocky hill, 21 March 1967, A. & T. Baytop 10702 ( E!) ; Konya: Ereğli, Aydos mountain, Delimahmutlu , Karasırt , steppe, limestone slopes, 1600 m, 31 March 1977, S. Erik 1790 ( HUB!) ; Adana: d. Pozantı, 13 April 1957, Davis 26343 & Hedge ( E!) ; Manisa: Manisa mountain, at the back of the gazino, 21 March 1967, A. & T. Baytop 10678 ( E!) ; Çeşme, Karadağ , 28 February 1979, Ş. Yıldırımlı 1261 ( ANK!) ; Bornova, east of Ege University , edge of field, c. 100 m, 22 March 1976, A. Güner 1378 ( HUB!) ; Muğla: Köyceğiz, Yeşilköy , 166 m, rocky and stony slopes, 4 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2691 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; ibidem, 25 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2754 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; 15 km from Marmaris to Gökova , roadsides, 7 m, 4 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2705 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Marmaris-Datça, 45 km to Datça, Hisarönü-Amazon and Bördübet villages crossroad, macchie, 60 m, 4 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2704 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Yatağan-Milas, 5 km to Milas , roadsides, 138 m, 5 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2712 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Yatağan-Milas arası, 4 km to Milas , rocky and stony places, 240 m, 5 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2713 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; ibidem, M. Tekşen 2714 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Milas-Bodrum, Güvercinlik, macchie, roadsides, 21 m, 5 March 2011, M. Tekşen 2719 ( AKSU!), 2722 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Yatağan-Milas, 5 km to Milas , roadsides, 138 m, 25 May 2011, M. Tekşen 2809 & S. Karaman ( AKSU!) ; Kale to Muğla road, about 20 km before Göktepe, T. Baytop , C. Brickey & B. Mathew 8288 ( K!) ; 29 km from Çine to Yatağan , 12 August 1988, K. H. C. Başer 8250 ( ESSE!) ; Kavaklıdere, Çamlıyurt village , clearings of Pinus pinea forest, 600–700 m, 24 February 2001, Ö. Varol 3586 ( GAZI!) ; Köyceğiz, Beyobası village, Süpürgelik hill, 120 m, 18 February 1991, A. Güner 8099 et al. ( GAZI!) ; Ortaca, Dalyan, Iztuzu , limestone rocky slopes, macchie, 0–20 m, 16 March 1991, A. Güner 8146 et al. ( HUB!) ; Ortaca, Dalyan-Sülüngür lake , limestone slopes, macchie, 10 m, 12 February 1991, A. Güner 8000 et al. ( HUB!) .

Flowering time: — February–April.

Habitat: — under and clearings of Pinus brutia , limestone and metamorphic places, stony places, steppe, macchie, wet places, 0–1600 m.

Distribution: — East Mediterranean (mt.) element. Turkey (Central, South and West Anatolia), Greece, Italy, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Cyprus, Libya ( Govaerts 2015).