Calliphara caesar ( VOLLENHOVEN, 1863), Vollenhoven, 1863

Rédei, David & Tsai, Jing-Fu, 2014, The identity of Calliphara bipunctata, with proposal of a new synonymy (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae), Andrias 20, pp. 213-220 : 214-218

Calliphara caesar ( VOLLENHOVEN, 1863)

Callidea caesar VOLLENHOVEN, 1863: 15, 21. Holotype (♀): [Indonesia:] Morotai; RMNH!.

Callidea quadrinotata WALKER, 1867: 38 . Lectotype ( LYAL 1979: 169) (Ƌ): [Indonesia:] Ceram [= Seram Is.]; BMNH! Synonymized by LYAL (1979: 169).

Calliphara quadrinotata var. b DISTANT, 1899: 38. Syntype(s): New Guinea; BMNH. Unavailable name (ICZN 1999, Art. 11.9.1).

Calliphara quadrinotata var. papuensis KIRKALDY, 1909: 298 . Replacement name for Calliphara quadrinotata var. b DISTANT, 1899. Synonymized by LYAL (1979: 170).

Calliphara bipunctata LEHMANN, 1920: 130 . Lectotype ( LIS & SKóRKA 1996: 47) (Ƌ): [Indonesia:] “Molukken” [= Maluku Isls.]: Obi Is.; ZMUH! New subjective synonym.

References: STåL 1866: 152 (listed, distribution), WALKER 1868: 511 (catalogue, distribution), STåL 1873: 17 (diagnosis, distribution), LETHIERRY & SEVERIN 1893: 23 (catalogue, distribution), 48 ( quadrinotata , uncertain placement), DISTANT 1899: 38 ( quadrinotata , intraspecific variability), SCHOUTEDEN 1904: 32 (catalogue, distribution), 33 ( quadrinotata , catalogue, distribution), KIRKALDY 1909: 297 (catalogue, distribution), 298 ( quadrinotata , catalogue, distribution), LYAL 1979: 152, 158, 162, 169 (revision, synonymy, figure, genitalia, intraspecific variability), KRIKKEN et al. 1981: 252 (type material), LIS & SKóRKA 1996: 47 ( bipunctata , type material, redescription, figures, genitalia, generic placement), CASSIS & VANAGS 2006: 336 (listed, distribution; bipunctata , generic placement).

Diagnosis

A large species (20.0-22.0 mm) readily distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of characters: Head long, anteocular portion more than 1.7 times as long as length of eye; disk of scutellum decorated with one or two pairs of rounded patches; posterolateral angles of abdominal ventrite III unarmed, ventrites IV-VII produced into a large, distinct, sharp spine; genital capsule with ventral lip absent, setal patches reduced ( figs. 4-6 ); phallus as in figs. 7-9 .

Redescription

Large species, body length to apex of scutellum 20.0-22.0 mm.

Colour: Ground colour of dorsum ochraceous of various shade, usually with moderate, some-times strong metallic reflection (bright metallic blue in some extralimital populations), with deep purple to black markings; head black, with more or less strong metallic lustre; antenna and labium blackish; pronotum black, usually with blue-green or purple metallic lustre, a broad lateral fascia, suffusion on anterior collar, a pair of transverse oval patches on calli, a median patch between them, a pair of submedian patches and a pair of larger sublateral patches on disk and a pair of smaller patches on humeri black; scutellum yel-low to red, with two pairs of large discal patches and frequently also with a large, transversely elongate subapical or apical patch; exposed portion of fore wing deep purple; thoracic pleuron of variable pattern of deep metallic blue and purple, metepimeron frequently with ochraceous shade, peritreme blackish, evaporatorium dark gray, thoracic sternum black, mesosternum usually metallic greenish or purple, anterior margins of pregenital abdominal ventrites broadly black, lateral margin occasionally ochraceous; legs rather uniformly blackish brown with more or less pur-plish metallic shine.

Structure: Head relatively long, about 1.3 times as wide as its median length, 1.65 times as wide across eyes as interocular distance, length of anteocular part more than 1.7 times as long as length of eye; apex of antennal segment I approaching but not reaching apex of mandibular plate, far remote from apex of clypeus; apex of labium extending to about middle of abdominal sternite III.

Pronotum narrowly explanate laterally, posterior abrupt termination of lateral carina appears as distinct, conspicuous denticle at humeral angle.

Pregenital abdomen: Ventrite III unarmed, poste-rolateral angles of ventrites IV-VII produced into a large, distinct, sharp spine; abdominal venter not punctured.

External male genitalia: Genital capsule ( figs. 4-6 ) far produced posteriorly, infolding of ventral rim long; dorsolateral setal patches forming an elongate stripe narrowly surrounding dorsal sinus of posterior aperture; ventrolateral patches reduced, present as a pair of small sublateral tufts.

Paramere with an elongate, columnar stem and a hooked crown provided with a short process basally. Phallus ( figs. 7-9 ) with short phallotheca strongly broadened distally in lateral view; cp-I ( figs. 7-9 : cp-I) strongly sclerotized, long, produced posteriad, base strongly broadened, apex curved laterad; cp-II ( figs. 7-9 : cp-II) with basal portion membranous (its wall weakly sclerotized laterally), apical portion bifurcate, forming a shorter posteriorly directed ( figs. 7-9 : cp-II 1) and a longer ventrally directed ( figs. 7-9 : cp-II 2), strongly sclerotized branch; cp-III strongly sclerotized, with a long posteriorly directed ( figs. 7-9 : cp-III 1) and a short ventrally directed ( fig. 8 : cpIII 2) process; aedeagus ( figs. 7-8 : aed) sclerotized, with a long, distally bifurcate dorsoapical process broadly arched ventrally, provided with a pair of short, ventrolaterally directed projections around its base, phallotreme ( fig. 8 : phtr) situated posteroventrally (in order to preserve the phal-lus of the lectotype in intact condition the inner sperm efferent system was not examined).

Intraspecific variability. The dorsal markings of the pronotum are strongly variable in extent, occasionally the discal patches are lacking, but very frequently they are extensive, variously confluent, in extreme cases the whole pronotum is uniformly black with purplish reflection. The ground colour of the scutellum is usually ochraceous in most parts of the distribution area of the species; it is generally decorated with a pair of discal patches of variable size and shape (rounded or transversely elongate), the second pair might occasionally be lacking; it is usually provided with a large black subapical patch, the margin posteriad of the patch is usually shining metallic, sometimes black, in the latter case a large apical patch is present; in several specimens the apical portion of the scutellum is devoid of any markings. Specimens from Biak Island are overall deep metallic blue dorsally and ventrally, in these scutellum is provided with a pair of sublateral patches on the basal tumescence and a short median longitudinal vitta posteriad of basal tumescence of the scutellum.

Type material examined

Callidea caesar VOLLENHOVEN, 1863. Lectotype (♀): “ Bernst. \ Morotai ” [circle, handwritten], “Holotypus” [blue square, printed], “Museum Leiden. [printed] \ Callidea \ caesar Voll. [handwritten] \ Det [printed]” [with black frame], “Museum Leiden. [printed] \ Calliphara \ (C. s. str.) \ caesar Voll. [handwritten] \ Det [printed]” [with black frame], “RMNH Leiden \ HOLOTYPE” [red square, printed], “ RMNH.INS.721893 ” [printed, with barcode] ; pinned, left antennal segment IV and left hind tarsus lacking (RMNH).

Callidea quadrinotata WALKER, 1867 . Lectotype ( Ƌ): “LECTO- \ TYPE” [circle with deep lilac margin, printed], “ Cer. E ” [handwritten circle], “ Saunders. \ 65·13.” [printed], “Callidea [printed] \ quadrinotata [handwritten] \ Walker’s catal. [printed]”, “LECTOTYPE \ Callidea \ quadrinotata \ Walker \ C.H.C. Lyal 1976” [red square, handwritten], “ Calliphara [handwritten] \ caesar (Voll.) [handwritten] \ C.H. Lyal det. 197 [printed] 6 [handwritten]”; pinned, segment IV of right and II-IV of left antenna, segments II+III of right fore leg, tarsi of right mid, right and left hind legs lacking, male genitalia dissected, preserved in glass microvial pinned with the specimen ( BMNH) . Paralectotype (♀):“ Saunders. \ 65·13.” [printed], “Callidea [printed] \ quadrinotata [handwritten] \ Walker’s catal. [printed]”, “PARA- \ LECTO- \ TYPE” [circle with blue margin, printed] ; pinned, with minor damage on antennae and legs (BMNH). Paralectotype (unknown sex): “ Type ” [circle with green margin, printed], “Amb. \\ 59 \ 25” [handwritten circle], “59·25. \ Amboina .” [printed], “51. CALLIDEA QUADRINOTATA.” [printed, cut from Walker 1867: 38], “BRIT. MUS. [printed] \ TYPE No. [printed] \ HEM. [printed] 475 [handwritten]” [pink square], “PARA- \ LECTO- \ TYPE” [circle with blue margin, print-ed]; pinned, with minor damage on antennae and legs, apex of abdomen lacking ( BMNH ).

Callidea quadrinotata var. papuensis KIRKALDY, 1909 . Syntype? ( Ƌ): “ Nuova Guinea \ Fly River \ L.M. D’Albertis 1876-77” [with black frame, print-ed],“Coll. Mayr” [printed],“Brit. Mus. [printed] \ 195 [printed] 4-404” [handwritten], “May be syntype \ of q. papuensis \ Kirk. [handwritten] \ C.H. Lyal det. 197 [printed] 7 [handwritten]” ; pinned, with minor damage on antennae and legs (BMNH). Syntype? ( Ƌ): “ Nuov a Guinea \ Fly River \ L.M. D’Albertis 1876-77” [with black frame, printed], “Brit. Mus. [printed] \ 195 [printed] 4-404” [handwritten], “Chrysophara \ quadrinotata \ var. papuensis \ Kirk. [handwritten] \ det. R.J. Izzard 19 [printed] 53. [handwritten]”, “May be syntype \ of q. papuensis \ Kirk. \ C.H. Lyal det. 197 [printed] 7 [handwritten]”; pinned, with minor damage on antennae and legs (BMNH). Syntype? ( Ƌ): “2” [printed], “Lethierry” [printed], “Atkinson. \ Coll. \ 92-6.” [printed], “May be syntype \ of q. papuensis \ Kirk. \ C.H. Lyal det. 197 [printed] 7 [handwritten]”; pinned, segments IIb–IV of both antennae, left fore leg distad of trochanter, right fore and left hind leg distad of femur, right hind leg distad of coxa, and tarsi of remaining legs lacking or damaged (BMNH).

Calliphara bipunctata LEHMANN, 1920 . Lectotype ( figs. 1-9 ) ( Ƌ): “Typus” [red square with black frame, printed], “ Ins. Obi , \ Molukken \ H. Rolle vend. \ 15. III. 1903 ” [printed], “Calliphara \ bipunctata. \ Typus Lehmann” [handwritten], “Dr. H. Lehmann \ det. 1920.” [with black frame, printed], “bipunctata. \ Lehmann” [handwritten, label decorated with blue, red and black pencil], “Calliphara bipunctata [printed] \ Lehmann, 1920 [printed] \ LT [handwritten]”, “LECTOTYPE \ det. J.A. Lis” [red square, printed]; pinned, segments III+IV of both antennae and tarsus of left fore leg lacking; genital capsule removed, dissected, preserved in plastic microvial with glycerol, pinned with the specimen ( ZMUH).

Additional specimens examined. Indonesia: Kayoa Is.: “ Kaioa Is. ”, SAUNDERS 65-13 (1 ♀ BMNH) ; Seram Is.: “ C. Ceram, Mansela” [= Manusela National Park ], 2500 ft., 1919, leg. PRATT, B. M. 1932-116 (1 ♀ BMNH) , Solea, 12 km SE of Wahai , 17.1-4.2.1997, leg. S. BíLý (1 ♀ ZJPC) ; Ambon Is.: Waai , 21.5.1960, leg. A. M. R. WEG-NER (1 Ƌ BPBM) ; same locality and collector, 28.10.1960 (1 Ƌ BPBM> HNHM) ; same locality and collector, 1960 (1 Ƌ BPBM) ; same locality and collector, 15.10.1963, leg. A. M. R. WEGNER (1 Ƌ BPBM) ; same locality and collector, 21.4.1964 (1 ♀ BPBM> HNHM) ; same locality and collector, 23.4.1964 (1 Ƌ BPBM) ; same locality and collector, 28.4.1967 (1 ♀ BPBM) ; “ Amboina ”, 1859, leg. DOLESCHAL (1 ♀ NHMW) ; West Papua (Irian Jaya): Sorong , 29.9.-6.10.1992, leg. B. BA-LáZS (1 ♀ HNHM) ; Papua: Humboldt Bay District, Bewani Mts. , 400 m, 7.1937, W. STüBER, B. M. 1938-177 (1 Ƌ BMNH) ; Star Range, Sibil , 1260 m, at light, 27.4.1959, unknown collector, det. C. H. C. LYAL 1976 (1 Ƌ RMNH> BMNH) ; same locality, 2.5.1959, unknown collector, det. C. H. C. LYAL 1976 (1 ♀ RMNH> BMNH) ; Biak Is.: Bodrick, Biok Schouten Eil , 16.6.1938, leg. L. J. TOXOPEUS, det. C. H. C. LYAL 1977 (1 Ƌ BMNH) ; Base Biak , 21.7.1952, at light, L. D. BRONGERSMA, B. M. 1980- 63, det. C. H. C. LYAL 1977 (1 Ƌ RMNH> BMNH) .

Distribution: The species is restricted to Wallacea (apparently only East of the Weber line), in western New Guinea and in some of its surrounding islands (Biak Is.). Records from Admiralty Island ( DISTANT 1899, KIRKALDY 1904, KIRKALDY 1909) pertain to C. praslinia (GUéRIN- MéNEVILLE, 1838) ( LYAL 1979).

Indonesia: Maluku Isls.: Jilolo ( KIRKALDY, 1909), Morotai!, Halmahera: “Halmaheira” (STåL, 1873), Obi!; Buru ( STåL, 1866); Seram!; Ambon!; West Papua (Irian Jaya): Sorong!; Papua: Bewani Mts.!, Sibil!; Biak! Papua New Guinea: Fly River!

Figures

Figures 4-9. Calliphara bipunctata LEHMANN, 1920, external male genitalia of lectotype. (4) Genital capsule, dorsal view; (5) same, lateral view; (6) same, posterodorsal view; (7) phallus, dorsal view; (8) same, lateral view; (9) same, ventral view. Scales in mm. Lettering: aed = aedeagus; cp-I = first conjunctival process; cp-II 1, cp-II 2 = branches of second conjunctival process; cp-III 1, cp-III 2 = branches of third conjunctival process (L = left, R = right); dsp = dorsal setal patch; phtr = phallotreme; vsp = ventral setal patch. Arrow in fig. 5 shows aspect of fig. 6.

Figures 1-3. Calliphara bipunctata LEHMANN, 1920, Lectotype. (1) dorsal view; (2) ventral view; (3) labels. Scales in mm.