Hybusa Erichson, 1844

Queiroz, Larissa Lima De, Rafael, José Albertino, Pádua, Diego Galvão De, Araujo, Rodrigo De Oliveira & Heleodoro, Raphael Aquino, 2023, Redescription of Hybusa occidentalis (Westwood) (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae: Hybusinae): new images, description of male genitalia, pictorial key of Hybusa species and morphological comparison of Hybusinae with Xeniinae and Proscopiinae, Zootaxa 5380 (4), pp. 361-379 : 363

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5380.4.4
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EE5E50F4-3A8B-4270-8412-BEA89FAB87C5
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10250408
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87BF-831F-2D13-FF78-FC24FC7EFF1E
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Hybusa Erichson, 1844
status

Treatment

Hybusa Erichson, 1844 View in CoL

Figs. 2A–C View FIGURE 2 , 3A View FIGURE 3 , 7A–B View FIGURE 7 , 8 View FIGURE 8 , 9 View FIGURE 9 , 10B View FIGURE 10

Type species: Hybusa occidentalis ( Westwood, 1843) by original monotypy.

Erichson, 1844; Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1890: taxonomy; Mello-Leitão, 1939: new species and species re-description; Jago, 1989: male genitalia description.

Diagnosis. Head with gena striated ( Figs. 2A–B View FIGURE 2 ; 3A View FIGURE 3 ; 7A–B View FIGURE 7 ). Anterior leg inserted at prothorax mid-length ( Figs. 2A–C View FIGURE 2 ; 3A View FIGURE 3 ; 8 View FIGURE 8 ; 9 View FIGURE 9 ). Posterior leg with femur having nearly the same length as abdomen ( Figs. 2B View FIGURE 2 ; 7B View FIGURE 7 ; 8 View FIGURE 8 ; 10B View FIGURE 10 ). Male meso- and metathorax rounded, elevated, resembling hump ( Fig. 2B View FIGURE 2 ; 3B View FIGURE 3 ; 8 View FIGURE 8 ; 10B View FIGURE 10 ; 12 View FIGURE 12 ). Suture dividing meso- and metascutum present, inconspicuous, with fused aspect ( Figs. 2A View FIGURE 2 ; 7A View FIGURE 7 ; 8 View FIGURE 8 ; 9 View FIGURE 9 ; 12 View FIGURE 12 ). Metascutum at least two times longer than mesoscutum, with small projection near apex ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ). Male with arolium at least as wide and long as third tarsomere ( Figs. 3A, C View FIGURE 3 ). Ectophallic valve of the male genitalia projecting outside the body ( Figs. 4A–B View FIGURE 4 ).

Comments. Hybusa minuta ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ) is only known by males, and Hybusa coniceps ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 ) only by females. Both species occur in a common area: Chile: Coquimbo. Morphologically, both species have specimens with no strong spots and present a more uniform body coloration than the other Hybusa species. Hence, it would be worth conducting more collections for fresh specimens and performing a molecular study to investigate if these species are two separate ones or if they are the same. Hybusa coniceps type is displayed as male in Cigliano et al. (2023), but by analyzing it ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 ) we are determining and amending it to female.

Regarding etymology, although Erichson (1844) did not provide an etymology, it is likely that the genus name refers to the Greek hybos = hump and refers to the male meso- and metanotum conspicuously rounded and elevated, resembling a hump. The name is feminine.

Biogeographical remarks. Chile is internationally renowned as a biogeographic island, boasting a wide range of territorial features that enable its unique biodiversity to be expressed in the latitudinal and altitudinal gradient, with a remarkable levels of endemism ( Fernández 2017). The subfamily Hybusinae in Chile exhibits a distribution that aligns with the typical southern distribution pattern (i.e., austral kingdom; see Morrone 2015) observed in many Chilean insects (e.g., Darwin wasps, native bees, beetles and flies) ( Porter 1991; Morrone 2015; Araujo and Di Giovanni 2021; Marshall et al. 2022;). This intriguing distribution pattern is believed to have its roots in an Antarctic origin, a characteristic shared by numerous species endemic to Chile ( Porter 1991, 1998). The Hybusinae subfamily is primarily found in the southern regions of Chile. This distribution is reminiscent of the broader trend of increasing biodiversity as one moves southwards in this South American country, owing to the unique climatic and environmental conditions found in this region. The subfamily’s presence in Chile underscores the significance of the country’s distinct biogeography, influenced by its proximity to Antarctica and the intricate interplay of ecological factors that have shaped the evolution and distribution of its native species.