Papirioides zhejiangensis, Li, Zhao-Hui, Chen, Jian-Xiu & Li, Jing, 2007

Li, Zhao-Hui, Chen, Jian-Xiu & Li, Jing, 2007, A new species of the genus Papirioides (Collembola: Dicyrtomidae) from China, Zootaxa 1499, pp. 61-68 : 62-67

Papirioides zhejiangensis sp. nov.

Figs 1–31, Tab. 1

Type material. Holotype: female (mounted on slide), China: Zhejiang Province: Wenzhou: Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, deciduous forest, under wet wood and in litter 4.viii.2005, collection number C9280, coll. CHEN Jian-xiu, YAN Hai-juan, ZHANG Feng & JI Ming. Paratypes: 3 females and 1 male, same data as holotype; 32 specimens in alcohol. All deposited in the School of Life Science, Nanjing University.

Description. Body length: up to 2.3 mm.

Color pattern. Ground color yellow. Color pattern basically symmetric. Distal 2/3 of cephalic dorsum brown, basal 1/3 pale yellow with 2 brown bands lateral to each eye patche. Head ventrally brown except basal part yellow. Eye patches small and dark purple.

Ant. I purple, Ant. II pale yellow with median and distal purple bands, Ant. III purple totally, Ant. IV pale yellow and distally purple.

Coxa, trochanter and femur dorsally yellow with irregular purple patches, ventrally pale purple; tibiotarsus dark purple with 3 transverse yellow bands.

Great abdomen with 1 dorsal yellow stripe on midline, posterior part of it much wider and inclosing several small brown spots; transverse yellow band present at middle, separating dorsum of great abdomen into anterior and posterior parts. Anterior part with anterior 2/5 yellow with many small brown spots; middle 1/5 with 2 oval yellow patches along midline, each patch surrounded by 5 small dark brown spots; posterior 2/5 brown with dark brown spots. Posterior part mostly brown with irregular yellow patches. Basal 2/3 of dorsal club pale yellow with purple spots, distal 1/3 purple with tip yellow. Lateral sides of great abdomen pale brown with numerous dispersed dark spots. Great abdomen ventrally with anterior part brown mottled with pale purple patches, middle part yellow, posterior part dark purple. Ventral tube purple, sacs yellow. Basal 2/3 of manubrium yellow, distal 1/3 pale purple. Dens pale purple. Small abdomen yellow with purple patches on lateral and ventral sides ( Figs 1–3).

Head. Eyes 8+8, ocelli A, B, E, F & H large; C, D & G small. Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy after Bretfeld (1999) and shown in Figs 4 & 5 . Eyepatch with 2 setae, seta 1 spiny and larger than seta 2, seta 2 setaceous. Head apex with 2+2 spines, ap2 much larger than ap1. Dorsal head-back with 3+3 spiny setae, setae in pairs 1 & 3 larger. Frons with 2+2 longitudinal rows of setae, 5 & 3 spiny setae respectively present in rows a & b; a4 much larger than others. Clypeus with 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1 subequal spiny setae. Lower frons with 8+8 cup sensilla, 1+1 oval organs on ventral-lateral parts, and 7+7 transversal rows (a–g) of common setae. Labral setae as 6/7, 3, 4 ( Fig. 6 ). Length ratio of antenna to head as 2.3–2.6: 1 in female and 3.2: 1 in male. Antennal segment ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1–1.27: 7.27–7.82: 7.27–7.64: 1.18–1.27. Ant. I with 1 ventral and 6 dorsal setae, ventral one much smaller ( Fig. 7 ). Ant. II with 20 setae, 1 ventral and 2 dorsal cup sensilla ( Fig. 8 ). Ant. III with 2, 4, 4 cup sensilla respectively at basal, middle and distal parts, basal 2 thick. Distal part of Ant. III 8 - subsegmented, each subsegment having 4–7 setae arranged in whorl. Ant III subapical organ with 2 fingerlike sensilla lying in shallow depression ( Fig. 9 ). Ant. IV 7 -subsegmented.

Great abdomen. Dorsum with 4+4 bothriotrichia, A-B-C in triangle, A arising from large papilla and pointed towards head; 5 pairs of short spines present along dorsal midline between two bothriotrichia A; 4 pairs of slender setae (AA, BB, CC, EE) on anterior part of dorsum ( Fig. 10 ). Dorsal club long and cylindrical, slightly and gradually thickened towards apex; with 60–70 spines, apical ones stout ( Fig. 11 ).

Legs. Forelegs: Coxa with 1 seta ( Fig. 12 ). Trochanter with 4 setae ( Fig. 13 ). Femur with 13 setae, 1 basal oval organ, 1 distal oval organ and 1 distal cup sensillum ( Fig. 14 ). Tibiotarsus with 4 cup sensilla and 3 oval organ ( Fig. 15 ). Pretarsus same as in metalegs. Midlegs: Coxa with 3 setae and 1 oval organ ( Fig. 16 ). Trochanter with 5 setae ( Fig. 17 ). Femur with 14 setae, 1 basal oval organ, 1 distal oval organ and 1 distal cup sensillum ( Fig. 18 ). Tibiotarsus with 5 cup sensilla and 3 oval organ ( Fig. 19 ). Pretarsus same as in metalegs. Hindlegs: Coxa with 4 setae and 1 oval organ ( Fig. 20 ). Trochanter with 6 setae ( Fig. 21 ). Femur with 13 setae, 1 basal oval organ, 1 distal oval organ and 1 distal cup sensillum ( Fig. 22 ). Tibiotarsus with 5 cup sensilla, 3 oval organ and 2 bilaterally serrate and apically blunt differentiated setae ( Fig. 23 ). Basal part of pretarsus with 1 anterior and 1 posterior setulae. Unguis without tunica, with 2 inner teeth and 2+2 lateral teeth. Unguiculus with 1 corner tooth, subapical filament with tip pointed and reaching beyond apex of unguis ( Fig. 24 ).

Abdominal appendages. Ventral tube anteriorly with 1+1 short distal setae and 1+1 lateral setae, sacs warty ( Fig. 25 ). Corpus of retinaculum with 6 setulae, rami with 3+3 teeth and 1+1 basal horn ( Fig. 26 ). Manubrium with 8+8 posterior setae, no anterior setae ( Fig. 27 ). Dens anterior setae 3, 2, 1, 1···1 ( Fig. 28 ); posterior setae 24, i.e., E: 1–9, PE: 1, P: 5, J: 1–9 (Chaetotaxy after Bretfeld, 1999). E1, 5, 7–9, PE, J1, 9 and P1–5 smooth; E2&6 smooth or rarely serrate; others basally serrate. E2 very short, E1/E2=2.8–3.8, E3/E2= 4.5–6.5 ( Fig. 29 ). Mucro with 27–33 inner teeth and 20–31 outer teeth ( Fig. 30 ).

Small abdomen. Chaetotaxy after Bretfeld (1999) and Yosii (1969, in brackets). Dorsal region with setae m1 (M), A3 (M), DL2 (N), P1 (H) & a0 as strong spines; a1–3 large and serrate; sa ciliate and sa serrate; A1 & A2 as cup sensilla; P0 (G’) short and thin, P3 (S) as sensillum and not directly anterior to circumanal setae, P1’ (T) straight and thin; DL1 and P2 (G) absent. Ventral region with seta VL2 (L) as strong spine; av1–4 serrate, av1 & av2 stronger than av3 & av4; appendices anales av5 as thick spines and shorter than av1–4; sa1–3 ciliate, sa3 much larger than sa1 & sa2; AV1 as cup sensilla, AV2–8 small and smooth; cuticular cone near and internal to AV2 ( Fig. 31 ).

Ecology. Found under wet wood and in litter in deciduous forest.

Etymology. Named after the type locality, Zhejiang Province, China.

Discussion. The new species, Papirioides zhejiangensis , is most close to the Indonesian species P. tonsori in the circumanal and dens setae. However, it differs from the latter in the facial setal pattern, length of dorsal club on the great abdomen, and number of short spines on the club. It is very similar to another Indonesian species P. jacobsoni in the color pattern. However, it is readily distinguished from the latter by the facial setal pattern, length of dorsal club on the great abdomen, circumanal setae and other features. The comparison of the new species with the three species in the genus with dorsal club on the great abdomen is shown in the following table. The Japanese species P. uenoi is excluded from the table since it was poorly described. However, the new species is also easily separated from it by the absence of two dorsal brown stripes on great abdomen and the dens with setae mostly serrate rather than smooth or weakly serrate as in the latter.

The present study was supported by a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30370175). Special thanks are offered to Dr. G. Bretfeld, University of Kiel, Germany and Dr. P. Greenslade, Division of Entomology, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia, for their constructive suggestions and kindness to offer references. Thanks are also given to the Bureau of Wuyanling National Nature Reserve for its support to our collecting.

Figures

FIGURES 4 – 11. Papirioides zhejiangensis sp. nov.: 4, left eye-patch; 4, cephalic chaetotaxy; 6, labrum; 7, ant. I; 8, ant. II; 9, ant. III subapical organ; 10, dorsum of great abdomen; 11, dorsal club.

FIGURE 12 – 24. Papirioides zhejiangensis sp. nov.: 12, coxa, foreleg; 13, trochanter, foreleg; 14, femur, foreleg; 15, tibiotarsus, foreleg; 16, coxa, midleg; 17, trochanter, midleg; 18, femur, midleg; 19, tibiotarsus, midleg; 20, coxa, hindleg; 21, trochanter, hindleg; 22, femur, hindleg; 23, tibiotarsus with one posterior seta enlarged, hindleg; 24, pretarsus, hindleg.

FIGURES 25 – 31. Papirioides zhejiangensis sp. nov.: 25, ventral tube; 26, retinaculum; 27, manubrium; 28, anterior setae of dens; 29, posterior setae of dens; 30, mucro; 31, female anogenital segment with several specialized setae enlarged, dorsal view.

Tables

TABLE 1. Comparison of species with dorsal club in the genus Papirioides.

	zhejiangensis sp. nov. jacobsoni	tonsori
Facial setal pattern	1,1,2,1,1,1 1,1,2,1,1,3	1,1,2,1,1
Dorsal club / head	1: 0.8 1: 1–1.4	1: 1.5
Spines on club	60–70?	40–45
Circumanal setae P1on small abdomen Dens setae E1 / E2 Ant. III subsegments	setaceous spiny 2.8–3.8 2 8 slightly annulate	setaceous 2 slightly annulate
Ant. IV subsegments	7 9–10	slightly annulate
Mucro outer teeth Mucro inner teeth	20–31 32–35 27–33 32–35	40 30
Acknowledgements