Milichiella, Giglio-Tos, 1895

Brake, Irina, 2009, Revision of Milichiella Giglio-Tos (Diptera, Milichiidae) 2188, Zootaxa 2188 (1), pp. 1-166 : 11-17

Key to males of Milichiella

1. Frons grey with dark spots ................................................................................................................................... 129

- Frons with different colour pattern ........................................................................................................................... 2

2. T2 not or only partly silvery microtomentose ........................................................................................................ 60

- T2 completely silvery microtomentose..................................................................................................................... 3

3. Ocellar triangle brown or grey microtomentose ..................................................................................................... 34

- Ocellar triangle shiny or subshiny black................................................................................................................... 4

4. 1 pprn; halter yellow or black; T5 colour variable ................................................................................................. 15

- 2 or more pprn; halter black; T5 completely silvery microtomentose...................................................................... 5

5. Presutural dc present ............................................................................................................................................... 11

- Presutural dc absent .................................................................................................................................................. 6

6. 1 prsc .......................................................................................................................................... M. spinthera Hendel

- 2 prsc ......................................................................................................................................................................... 7

7. Tip of fore and mid tibiae yellow............................................................................................................................ 10

- Tibiae completely black ........................................................................................................................................... 8

8. Calypter brown with dark brown margin ....................................................................................... M. bakeri Aldrich

- Calypter hyaline with hyaline to medium brown margin ......................................................................................... 9

9. Mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, less microtomentose than scutellum (Australasian) ........................... ................................................................................................................................ M. longiseta Hardy & Delfinado

- Mesonotum brown microtomentose, scutellum same (Afrotropical, Oriental) ............................ M. triangula sp. n.

10. 2 or more prs; wing white; silvery microtomentum long ................................................... M. argentiventris Hendel

- 1 prs; wing hyaline; silvery microtomentum short ......................................................................... M. angolae sp. n.

11. More than 2 prsc ..................................................................................................................................................... 13

- 2 prsc ....................................................................................................................................................................... 12

12. 2+1 dc; basitarsi black .......................................................................................................... M. argentea (Fabricius)

- 3+1 dc; basitarsi yellow ............................................................................................................ M. javana de Meijere

13. Calypter margin white ................................................................................................................................... M. sp. C

- Calypter margin dark brown ................................................................................................................................... 14

14. Mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose; ocellar triangle shiny (Australian) ............... M. weejasperensis sp. n.

- Mesonotum brown microtomentose; ocellar triangle subshiny (Afrotropical).......................... M. solitaria (Lamb)

15. Mesonotum brown or slightly brown microtomentose........................................................................................... 26

- Mesonotum shiny or subshiny black ...................................................................................................................... 16

16. Halter black............................................................................................................................................................. 22

- Halter yellow........................................................................................................................................................... 17

17. Face not protruding; basitarsi completely black; tip of T5 silvery microtomentose or shiny black....................... 20

- Face protruding or not; mid and hind basitarsus yellowish; tip of T5 shiny black................................................. 18

18. Face protruding; labellum 1.0–1.4x as long as palpus and up to same length as vertical eye diameter; scutellum shiny black ............................................................................................................................... M. zaiziksensis sp. n.

- Face protruding or not; labellum length variable; scutellum usually brown microtomentose, if shiny in middle then face not protruding .......................................................................................................................................... 19

19. Labellum and palpus elongate, labellum about 1.6x as long as palpus and slightly longer than vertical eye diameter; face protruding..................................................................................................................... M. longirostris sp. n.

- Labellum and palpus not elongate, labellum about as long as palpus; face not protruding ...... M. brevirostris sp. n.

20. Frons shiny black; apex of R1 with dark spot .......................................................................... M. rugosistyla sp. n.

- Frons dull brown or black; apex of R1 without dark spot ...................................................................................... 21

21. Wing white; M-ratio less than 1.9................................................................................................. M. arcuata (Loew)

- Wing hyaline; M-ratio more than 2.5................................................................................................ M. variata sp. n.

22. Tibiae completely black; posterior eye margin with narrow to medium notch (3–6om) ....................................... 24

- At least tip of fore and mid tibia yellow; posterior eye margin without or with narrow notch (2om) ................... 23

23. Posterior eye margin without notch but with emargination; silvery microtomentum on tergites extremely long and in rows ......................................................................................................................................... M. cochiseae sp. n.

- Posterior eye margin with narrow notch (2om) and no emargination; silvery microtomentum on tergites short and not in rows ................................................................................................................................................... M. sp. H.

24. Calypter margin dark brown; T5 completely silvery microtomentose (Australian) .................. M. nigripes Malloch

- Calypter margin hyaline or white; T5 silvery microtomentose except for black tip (Nearctic, Neotropical) ........ 25

25. Basitarsi black; silvery microtomentum on tergites long and in rows ......................................... M. faviformis sp. n.

- Basitarsi yellow; silvery microtomentum on tergites short and not in rows ................................... M. virginae sp. n.

26. Tibiae completely black .......................................................................................................................................... 29 - At least tip of fore tibia yellow ............................................................................................................................... 27

27. Posterior orbital seta absent; T5 completely silvery microtomentose (Afrotropical) ......... M. argentiventris Hendel

- Small posterior orbital seta present; T5 silvery microtomentose except for brown tip (Nearctic, Neotropical).... 28

28. Pleuron silvery grey microtomentose on dorsal half; calypter margin yellow; halter yellow .... M. villarricae sp. n.

- Pleuron brown or slightly brown microtomentose; calypter margin dark brown; halter black ...................... M. sp. I

29. 2 or more prs; halter black (Australasian, Oriental, Palaearctic) ............................................................................ 31

- 1 prs; halter black or yellow (Neotropical) ............................................................................................................. 30

30. Basoflagellomere completely black; ground colour of male T2–4 black ........................................ M. mathisi sp. n.

- Basoflagellomere basomedially yellow or red; ground colour of male T2–4 yellow ................ M. flaviventris sp. n.

31. Basitarsi completely black ............................................................................................................................ M. sp. A

- Basitarsi yellowish or brown .................................................................................................................................. 32

32. Calypter margin light brown ................................................................................................ M. argyrogaster (Perris)

- Calypter margin dark brown ................................................................................................................................... 33

33. Mesonotum and scutellum brown microtomentose ...................................................................................... M. sp. B

- Mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose, less microtomentose than scutellum ...................... M. ugandae sp. n.

34. Mesonotum brown, slightly brown or brown microtomentose with grey anterior margin; halter black................ 43

- Mesonotum completely or partly silvery or grey microtomentose, but not brown microtomentose with grey anterior margin; halter yellow or black.......................................................................................................................... 35

35. Frons completely grey or grey with median brown stripe ...................................................................................... 38

- Frons mainly brown, sometimes greyish anteriorly................................................................................................ 36

36. Mesonotum grey microtomentose ................................................................................................................ M. sp. O

- Mesonotum anteriorly brown, posteriorly silvery microtomentose........................................................................ 37

37. Wing brown ............................................................................................................................ M. argenteidorsa sp. n.

- Wing hyaline ...................................................................................................................... M. sumptuosa de Meijere

38. Halter black............................................................................................................................................................. 41

- Halter yellow........................................................................................................................................................... 39

39. Calypter and wing hyaline; tip of tibiae yellow ............................................................................................ M. sp. G

- Calypter and wing white; tibiae completely black.................................................................................................. 40

40. Posterior orbital seta present; basoflagellomere completely black; palpus black........................ M. urbana Malloch

- Posterior orbital seta absent; basoflagellomere basomedially yellow or red; palpus yellow M. cinerea (Coquillett)

41. Posterior orbital seta present; basoflagellomere completely black ................................................................ M. sp. P

- Posterior orbital seta absent; basoflagellomere basomedially yellow or red.......................................................... 42

42. Fore coxa and basitarsi black; wing white ..................................................................................... M. cavernae sp. n.

- Fore coxa and basitarsi yellow; wing hyaline ................................................................................................M. sp. F

43. T5 completely silvery microtomentose................................................................................................................... 52

- T5 anteriorly silvery microtomentose, posteriorly brown with tip sometimes shiny or subshiny.......................... 44

44. Mid tibia completely black; seta between posterior dc and prsc usually present, if absent than wing with slight brownish tinge......................................................................................................................................................... 48

- At least tip of mid tibia yellow; seta between posterior dc and prsc usually absent, if present than only 2 dc...... 45

45. 1 prsc....................................................................................................................................................................... 47

- 2 or more prsc ......................................................................................................................................................... 46

46. 1 prs; 3 prsc ..................................................................................................................................... M. lasuizae sp. n.

- 2 prs; 2 prsc ................................................................................................................................. M. dominicae sp. n.

47. Basoflagellomere and arista relatively long pubescent; 3+1 dc ........................................................... M. rufa sp. n.

- Basoflagellomere and arista normal pubescent; 2 dc ....................................................... M. dimidiata (Wiedemann)

48. Basitarsi black......................................................................................................................................................... 50

- Basitarsi yellowish .................................................................................................................................................. 49

49. Calypter margin light brown ............................................................................................................. M. sculpta sp. n.

- Calypter margin dark brown ................................................................................................... M. nudiventris Becker

50. Basoflagellomere basomedially red ............................................................................................ M. plaumanni sp. n.

- Basoflagellomere black........................................................................................................................................... 51

51. Mesonotum with few setulae; pubescence on arista about as long as base of arista wide ................. M. rutila sp. n.

- Mesonotum with normal setulae; pubescence on arista shorter than base of arista wide ..........M. sp. M & M. sp. N

52. Calypter margin darker, not white .......................................................................................................................... 54 - Calypter margin white............................................................................................................................................. 53

53. Tibiae and basitarsi black ..................................................................................................................... M. tosi Becker

- Tip of fore and mid tibia, and all basitarsi yellow .............................................................. M. unicolor (de Meijere)

54. 1 prsc....................................................................................................................................................................... 57

- 2 prsc ....................................................................................................................................................................... 55

55. Posterior orbital seta absent; frontal setae proclinate; frons narrowest in middle ...................... M. proclinata sp. n.

- Posterior orbital seta present; frontal setae medioclinate; frons narrowest anteriorly............................................ 56

56. 3+1 dc ........................................................................................................................................ M. bruneiensis sp. n.

- 2 dc ....................................................................................................................................................... M. inbio sp. n.

57. Posterior orbital seta present; mesonotum brown microtomentose with grey anterior margin .................................. ................................................................................................................................................. M. anterogrisea sp. n.

- Posterior orbital seta present or absent; mesonotum completely brown microtomentose...................................... 58

58. 2 pprn ........................................................................................................................................ M. parva (Macquart)

- 1 pprn ...................................................................................................................................................................... 59

59. Frontal plates greyish microtomentose; posterolateral corners of S5 developed into shiny lappets with long setae. ...................................................................................................................................................... M. aldabrae sp. n.

- Frontal plates brown microtomentose; S5 without shiny lappets ................................................. M. formosae sp. n.

60. T2 partly silvery microtomentose ......................................................................................................................... 106

- T2 without silvery microtomentum ........................................................................................................................ 61

61. Halter black............................................................................................................................................................. 73

- Halter yellow........................................................................................................................................................... 62

62. Posterior eye margin without notch but sometimes with narrow emargination ..................................................... 68

- Posterior eye margin with narrow to wide notch .................................................................................................... 63

63. Fore basitarsus black; mesonotum shiny to fully microtomentose......................................................................... 66

- Fore basitarsus yellow; mesonotum slightly or fully microtomentose, not shiny .................................................. 64

64. Calypter margin hyaline ........................................................................................................... M. jamaicensis sp. n.

- Calypter margin dark brown .................................................................................................................................. 65

65. Mesonotum brown microtomentose with grey anterior margin .......................................... M. novateutoniae sp. n.

- Mesonotum brown or slightly brown microtomentose ...................................................................... M. tristis Lamb

66. T3–5 anteriorly with silvery microtomentum .................................................................................... M. striata sp. n.

- T3–5 without silvery microtomentum .................................................................................................................... 67

67. Ocellar triangle shiny; mesonotum shiny black ..................................................................... M. lacteipennis (Loew)

- Ocellar triangle brown microtomentose; mesonotum brown microtomentose ............................ M. aeroplana sp. n.

68. Lower (middle) frontal seta medioclinate; posterior eye margin with narrow emargination on ventral half........ 71

- Lower (middle) frontal seta medioreclinate; posterior eye margin gradually separating from headmargin ventrally ................................................................................................................................................................................ 69

69. 3 dc; mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose ...................................................................... M. pachycerei sp. n.

- 2 dc; mesonotum subshiny...................................................................................................................................... 70

70. Basoflagellomere basomedially yellowish; palpus and basitarsi yellowish ......................... M. santacatalinae sp. n.

- Basoflagellomere completely black; palpus and basitarsi black ................................................... M. mexicana sp. n.

71. Mesonotum grey and brown microtomentose; T5 grey or brown microtomentose................................................ 72

- Mesonotum subshiny black; T5 subshiny anteriorly, shiny black posteriorly ................................ M. hendeli Brake

72. Mesonotum grey microtomentose with more or less visible and extended brown stripes ...........................M. sp. L

- Mesonotum anterior margin grey, posteriorly brown microtomentose .................................... M. flavilunulae sp. n.

73. 1–2 postsutural dc .................................................................................................................................................. 87

- 3–5 postsutural dc ................................................................................................................................................... 74

74. Calypter margin dark brown ................................................................................................................................... 80

- Calypter margin hyaline or white to light brown.................................................................................................... 75

75. Frons shiny black .................................................................................................................................................... 78

- Frons dull brown or black ...................................................................................................................................... 76

76. T5 silvery grey microtomentose except for brown anterior margin ...................................... M. quintargentea sp. n.

- T5 brown microtomentose with shiny tip ............................................................................................................... 77

77. S5 more densely setulose and setulae longer (Pl. 2H); shape of surstylus as in Pl. 1B ................. M. opuntiae sp. n.

- S5 less setulose and setulae shorter (Pl. 2G); shape of surstylus as in Pl. 2A ...................... M. pseudopuntiae sp. n. 78. 1 prs; base of tibiae yellow ......................................................................................................... M. pachycerei sp. n.

- 2 or more prs; tibiae completely black.................................................................................................................... 79

79. Basoflagellomere black; scutellum slightly brown microtomentose...................................... M. aethiops (Malloch)

- Basoflagellomere basomedially yellow; scutellum brown microtomentose ................................... M. peyotei sp. n.

80. T5 without grey or silvery microtomentum ............................................................................................................ 85

- T5 partly or completely grey or silvery microtomentose....................................................................................... 81

81. T5 brown microtomentose with paired posterolateral silvery or grey spots .......................................................... 84

- T5 completely or anteriorly silvery microtomentose ............................................................................................ 82

82. Ocellar triangle brown microtomentose; T3–5 completely silvery microtomentose ......................... M. mollis sp. n.

- Ocellar triangle subshiny black; T3–5 anteriorly silvery, posteriorly brown microtomentose, tip of T5 sometimes shiny ........................................................................................................................................................................ 83

83. Anterior margin of wing slightly brownish; tip of T5 brown microtomentose ............................ M. christmas sp. n.

- Wing completely hyaline; tip of T5 shiny .................................................................................................... M. sp. D

84. Wing with parallel R 4+5 and M .................................................................................................... M. breviarista sp. n.

- Wing with strongly convergent R 4+5 and M ................................................................................... M. conventa sp. n.

85. Posterior orbital seta present; wing hyaline (Nearctic) ................................................................ M. chocolata sp. n.

- Posterior orbital seta absent; wing partly or completely brownish or brown (Australian)..................................... 86

86. Posterior eye margin with medium notch; 1 prsc ....................................................................... M. multisetae sp. n.

- Posterior eye margin with notch absent; 3+1 prsc .............................................................................. M. badia sp. n.

87. Ocellar triangle brown microtomentose; frons not strikingly silvery or grey from anterior view ....................... 100

- Ocellar triangle shiny or subshiny black; if slightly microtomentose than frons black from posterior view but strikingly silvery or grey from anterior view .......................................................................................................... 88

88. Calypter margin dark brown ................................................................................................................................... 95

- Calypter margin hyaline, or white to light brown................................................................................................... 89

89. Posterior prescutellar seta less than 0.8x as long as posterior dorsocentral seta .................................................... 93

- Posterior prescutellar seta about as long as posterior dorsocentral seta ................................................................. 90

90. Posterior eye margin without notch, gradually separating from head margin ventrally; frons shiny black ............... ................................................................................................................................................ M. aethiops (Malloch)

- Posterior eye margin with notch and emargination parallel to head margin; frons brown or subshiny black........ 91

91. T5 silvery microtomentose except for brown anterior margin .............................................. M. quintargentea sp. n.

- T5 without silvery microtomentum ........................................................................................................................ 92

92. Mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose; 1 prsc; 1 pprn ................................................ M. iberica Carles-Tolrá

- Mesonotum brown microtomentose; 2 prsc; 2 pprn ......................................................................................M. sp. E

93. Mesonotum brown microtomentose except for grey anterior margin ........................................ M. argentinae sp. n.

- Mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose or subshiny ....................................................................................... 94

94. Frons black from posterior view but strikingly silvery or grey from anterior view ............ M. abditoargentea sp. n.

- Frons dull brown or black ........................................................................................................... M. aberrata Becker

95. Mesonotum shiny or subshiny black ...................................................................................................................... 98

- Mesonotum brown or slightly brown microtomentose........................................................................................... 96

96. T5 brown microtomentose except for posterolateral silvery spots ......................................... M. bimaculata Becker

- T5 colour pattern different ..................................................................................................................................... 97

97. T5 silvery microtomentose with brown microtomentose tip .................................................. M. sterkstrooma sp. n.

- T5 brown microtomentose with shiny tip ........................................................................... M. pseudodectes (Séguy)

98. Mesonotum shiny black with metallic blue green sheen .............................................................. M. metallica sp. n.

- Mesonotum shiny or subshiny black without metallic blue green sheen ............................................................... 99

99. 1 dc; brown spot at apex of vein R1 present .......................................................................... M. maculatiradii sp. n.

- 2+1 dc; brown spot at apex of vein R1 absent ...................................................................... M. bermaguiensis sp. n.

100. Mesonotum brown microtomentose with grey or greyish anterior margin or half............................................... 104

- Mesonotum completely brown microtomentose................................................................................................... 101

101. T5 partly silvery microtomentose ......................................................................................................................... 103

- T5 without silvery microtomentum ...................................................................................................................... 102

102. Posterior orbital seta present; calypter margin brown ............................................................... M. fusciventris sp. n.

- Posterior orbital seta absent; calypter margin hyaline ...................................................... M. madagascarensis sp. n.

103. 2+1 dc; T5 brown microtomentose with paired silvery microtomentose posterolateral spots ..... M. velutina Becker - 2 dc; T5 anteriorly silvery microtomentose, middle brown microtomentose and tip shiny or subshiny.................... ................................................................................................................................................... M. cingulata Becker

104. T5 brown microtomentose with paired grey microtomentose posterolateral spots ....................... M. acantha sp. n.

- T5 without grey or silvery microtomentum ......................................................................................................... 105

105. Calypter margin brown ........................................................................................................ M. novateutoniae sp. n.

- Calypter margin hyaline .............................................................................................................. M. argentinae sp. n.

106. Ocellar triangle shiny or subshiny black............................................................................................................... 116

- Ocellar triangle brown or slightly brown microtomentose................................................................................... 107

107. 2 postsutural dc .................................................................................................................................................... 113

- 3 postsutural dc .................................................................................................................................................... 108

108. T5 anteriorly silvery microtomentose, middle black, tip bluish or silvery white ................................................. 111

- T5 completely silvery microtomentose or with (sub)shiny black tip ................................................................... 109

109. Posterior orbital seta present; 1 prs; calypter margin light brown ................................................. M. chilensis sp. n.

- Posterior orbital seta absent; 2 or more prs; calypter margin dark brown ............................................................ 110

110. T3–4 completely silvery microtomentose ................................................................................ M. booloombae sp. n.

- T3–4 anteriorly silvery, posteriorly brown microtomentose ........................................................ M. cooloolae sp. n.

111. T3–4 anteriorly silvery, posteriorly brown microtomentose ..................................................... M. frontalis (Becker)

- T3–4 completely silvery microtomentose............................................................................................................. 112

112. T2 silvery microtomentose except for brown black anterior margin and brown elongation of triangle .................... .................................................................................................................................................. M. concava (Becker)

- T2 brown microtomentose except for silvery posterior margin and lateral sides .................... M. montana (Becker)

113. Basitarsi yellowish; 2 prsc .................................................................................................................................... 115

- Basitarsi black; 1–4 prsc ....................................................................................................................................... 114

114. Mesonotum brown microtomentose with grey posteromedial spot ....................................... M. griseomacula sp. n.

- Mesonotum completely brown microtomentose ...........................................................................................M. sp. M

115. 3 evenly spaced dc; 2 or more prs ...................................................................................................... M. triseta sp. n.

- 2 dc; 1 prs ..................................................................................................................................... M. turrialbae sp. n.

116. Halter black; T3–4 anteriorly silvery, posteriorly brown microtomentose........................................................... 125

- Halter black or yellow; T3–4 colour pattern different, if same then halter yellow .............................................. 117

117. Halter yellow; T2 brown microtomentose with silvery posterolateral corner ...................................................... 124

- Halter black; T2 colour pattern usually different ................................................................................................ 118

118. 2 or more prsc; 2 or more pprn ............................................................................................................................. 122

- 0–2 prsc; 1 pprn .................................................................................................................................................... 119

119. T3–4 silvery microtomentose except for row of black dots at posterior margin .............. M. poecilogastra (Becker)

- T3–4 with different colour pattern ....................................................................................................................... 120

120. 1 prs; calypter margin white ........................................................................................................ M. tricincta Becker

- 1, 2 or more prs; calypter margin brown............................................................................................................... 121

121. Frons dull brown or black; 2 or more prs; T3–4 completely silvery microtomentose ........................ M. tiefii (Mik)

- Frons shiny; 1 prs; T3–4 shiny black except for silvery microtomentose anterior margin ......... M. boliviana sp. n.

122. 3+1 dc; basitarsi black .................................................................................................................................. M. sp. C

- 2 or 2+1 dc; basitarsi yellowish ........................................................................................................................... 123

123. 2+1 dc; mesonotum slightly brown microtomentose (Australian) ...................................... M. lacteiventris Malloch

- 2 dc; mesonotum brown microtomentose (Oriental) ...................................................................... M. asiatica sp. n.

124. Mesonotum shiny black except for anterior and posterior margin, scutellum and pleuron slightly brown microtomentose .................................................................................................................................... M. lucidula Becker

- Mesonotum brown microtomentose (sometimes only slightly), scutellum same, pleuron slightly grey white microtomentose ......................................................................................................................... M. argenteocincta Johnson

125. Mesonotum subshiny to shiny black ............................................................................................. M. mojingae sp. n.

- Mesonotum brown or slightly brown microtomentose ....................................................................................... 126

126. T5 silvery microtomentose with brown tip ............................................................................... M. circularis Aldrich

- T5 completely silvery microtomentose................................................................................................................. 127

127. 2+1 dc .................................................................................................................................. M. lacteiventris Malloch

- 3+1 dc .................................................................................................................................................................. 128

128. 2 prsc .............................................................................................................................. M. nigeriae nigeriae (Duda)

- 3+1 prsc .............................................................................................................. M. nigeriae acrosticalis (Sabrosky)

129. Halter yellow......................................................................................................................................................... 133

- Halter black........................................................................................................................................................... 130

130. Mesonotum brown microtomentose ...............................................................................................................M. sp. J

- Mesonotum grey microtomentose with dark spots at bases of setae or with brown longitudinal stripes............. 131

131. Face silvery grey microtomentose; 3 prsc; anterior margin of the wing brown .................................. M. bella sp. n.

- Face greyish microtomentose; 3 or 3+1 prsc; wing hyaline ................................................................................. 132

132. Bases of tibiae narrowly yellow; 3+1 prsc ..................................................................................... M. punctata sp. n.

- Tibiae completely black; 3 prsc .................................................................................................................... M. sp. K

133. Posterior eye margin with wide notch (8om) and narrow emargination; T2–5 silvery microtomentose ................... ..................................................................................................................................................... M. urbana Malloch

- Posterior eye margin without notch but with emargination (2–3om); T2–4 brown microtomentose except for grey sides, T5 grey microtomentose ......................................................................................................................M. sp. L