Tuleariocaris neglecta Chace, 1969

Tavares, Marcos Domingos Siqueira, Carvalho, Leina & Mendonça Jr., Joel Braga de, 2017, Towards a review of the decapod crustacea from the remote oceanic archipelago of Trindade and Martin Vaz, south Atlantic Ocean: new records and notes on ecology and zoogeography, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 57 (14), pp. 157-176 : 165-169

Tuleariocaris neglecta Chace, 1969

( Figure 4 E-F)

Material examined: Brazil: Trindade Island , Praia dos Cabritos, 20°29’41.3”S / 29°19’39.9”W, depth: 8 m, associated with Diadema antillarum, J.B. Mendonça coll., 24.vi.2014: 1 ovigerous female, cl 3.5 mm ( MZUSP 35282 ) . Trindad Island , Ponta dos Cabritos, 20°29’41.38”S / 29°19’39.90”W, depth: 8 m, J.B. Mendonça coll., 24.vi.2016: 1 ovigerous female ( MZUSP 35280 ) , 1 ovigerous female ( MZUSP 35281 ) , 1 ovigerous female ( MZUSP 35282 ) . Trindad Island , Enseada Orelhas, 20°29’40.2”S / 29°20’32.9”W, depth: 15.4 m, J.B. Mendonça coll., 24.x.2014: 1 male ( MZUSP 35279 ) . Trindad Island , Enseada Orelhas, 20°29’14.84”S / 29°20’13.05”W, depth: 15 m, J.B. Mendonça coll., 21.v.2014: 1 ovigerous female ( MZUSP 35283 ) . Trindade Island , Ponta do Monumento, 20°30’18.72”S / 29°18’31.67”W, depth: 15.9 m, associated with Diadema antillarum, J.B. Mendonça coll., 29.iv.2014: 1 ovigerous female ( MZUSP 35284 ) . Trindade Island , Ponta do Monumento, 20°30’10.3”S / 29°20’36.1”W, depth: 8.4 m, associated with Diadema antillarum, J.B. Mendonça coll., 02.iv.2014: 1 male ( MZUSP 33414 ) . Trindad Island , Praia da Calheta, 20°30’29.5”S / 29°18’37.0”W, depth: 15 m, J.B. Mendonça coll., 22.vi.2015: 1 male ( MZUSP 33432 ) . Trindade Island , Praia das Tartarugas, 20°31’01.3”S / 29°17’56.9”W, depth: 12 m, J.B. Mendonça coll., 03.vii.2013: 1 ovigerous female ( MZUSP31153 ) . Ibidem : Depth: 10.8m, J.B.Mendonça coll., 17.vii.2013: 2 ovigerous females ( MZUSP 31201 ) . Trindade Island , Farrilhões (Enseada da Cachoeira), 20°31’22.4”S / 29°19’52.0”W, depth: 9.5 m, associated with Diadema antillarum, J.B. Mendonça coll., 08.vii.2013: 1 ovigerous female ( MZUSP 31189 ) . Size of largest male: cl 3 mm ( MZUSP 33432 ) ; largest female: cl 4.5 mm ( MZUSP 31189 ) .

Comparative material examined: Brazil: Salvador, Porto da Barra , Banco da Panela, 12.xii.2011: 1 male, cl 4.5 mm, 2 ovigerous females, largest cl 7.5 mm ( MZUSP 35263 ) .

Type locality: Barbados .

Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida, Caribbean Sea ( Honduras, Panama, Colombia, Puerto Rico, Dominica, Barbados, Curaçao) and Brazil ( Salvador, Bahia and Trindade Island, present study) ( Chace, 1969; Castro, 1974; Criales, 1984; Bergreen, 1994; Marin & Anker, 2009; Giribet & Lemer, 2014; Hayes et al., 2016). Eastern Atlantic: Madeira, Canary Islands, São Tomé and Príncipe, Cape Verde Islands ( Chace, 1972; Wirtz et al., 1988, Wirtz, 2004).

Ecological notes: Tuleariocaris neglecta is an echinoidassociated species living in the spines of Diadema antillarum , fig. 4D ( Chace, 1969; Wirtz et al., 1988; Wirtz, 2004; Wirtz & d’Udekem d’Acoz, 2008), and occasionally in the sea urchin Astropyga magnifica ( Castro, 1974) . The shrimp typically positions itself aligned to the axis of the spine, with the head pointing towards the base of the spine, fig. 4F (contrary to Gnathophylloides mineri , which holds itself along the spine, head outwards) ( Chace, 1969; Castro, 1974). Tuleariocaris neglecta swims from one host to the other, always with the head directed downward. In controlled experiments, T. neglecta , when given a choice, consistently prefers to associate with Diadema antillarum instead of Echinometra, Lythechinus and Tripneustes ( Castro, 1974; Hayes et al., 2016). In Trindade, T. neglecta was always found in association with Diadema antillarum ( Fig. 4D ), with larger sea urchins often colonized by more than one shrimp. The shrimps were observed to move up and down along the spines and from one spine to the next.

Remarks: Tuleariocaris neglecta is an amphi-Atlantic species and the only representative of this echinoid-associated genus in the Atlantic Ocean. This is the first record of this species from the southwestern Atlantic ( Salvador, Bahia and oceanic island of Trindade, off the southeastern Brazilian coast). In the eastern Atlantic, T. neglecta is presently known only from remote oceanic islands (Madeira, Canary Islands, São Tomé, Príncipe and Cape Verde Islands). In contrast, in the western Atlantic it also occurs as a coastal species in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and Brazil.

Infraorder Astacidea Latreille, 1802

Family Enoplometopidae Claus, 1872

Enoplometopus antillensis Lütken, 1865

( Figure 2 C-D)

Type locality: West Indies .

Distribution: Amphi-Atlantic. Western Atlantic: Bermudas, Florida, Bahamas, Caribbean Sea ( Panama, Colombia, Guadeloupe, Bonaire, Venezuela, Brazil (Ceará, Atol das Rocas, Fernando de Noronha, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Trindade Island – present study) ( Fausto Filho, 1970a, 1970b; Manning & Camp, 1989; Manning & Chace, 1990; Scelzo & Rodriguez, 1991; Poupin, 2003; Ceballos et al., 2005; Coelho Filho, 2006; Gregati et al., 2006; Chan & Ng, 2008). Central Atlantic: Ascension Island, St. Helena ( Gordon, 1968; Holthuis, 1983; Manning & Chace, 1990; Poupin, 2003; Alves et al., 2008; Chan & Ng, 2008; Brown, 2014). Eastern Atlantic: Madeira, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Gulf of Guinea (Wirtz, et al., 1988; Wirtz & Herrera, 1995; Manning & Chace, 1990; Poupin, 2003; Chan & Ng, 2008)

Ecological notes: Very little is known about the ecology of Enoplometopus antillensis . It inhabits hard bottoms in sciaphilic biotopes in depths between 5 and 201 m. At night, however, this species can be found in the open. While E. antillensis is not of particular interest to commercial fisheries, in Ascension and St. Helena it is occasionally consumed by fishermen when caught in fish and lobster traps ( Poupin, 2003). However, like other reef lobsters, E. antillensis is quite popular in the marine aquarium trade. In Trindade (Enseada Orelhas) in daytime E. antillensis was found in crevices in rocky bottoms in depths of about 13 m ( Fig. 2 C-D).

Remarks: This is the first record of Enoplometopus antillensis from the oceanic island of Trindade. This species is also known in the southwestern Atlantic from the oceanic island of Fernando de Noronha and from Atol das Rocas, as well as from a number of coastal localities.

Enoplometopus antillensis was observed and photographed in situ in Trindade at a depth of about 13 m ( Fig. 2 C-D), but escaped before it could be collected. However, the distinctive colour pattern leaves no doubts that the photographed animal is indeed E. antillensis . This species is the only representative of the genus in the western Atlantic, although it also occurs in the central and eastern Atlantic, from where it is so far known only from remote oceanic islands (see above). A second species occurs in the eastern Atlantic, Enoplometopus callistus Intès and Le Louff, 1970 , from which Enoplometopus antillensis differs in color pattern in having the lateral walls of the carapace with large circular marking ( Fig. 2C ) (versus carapace covered with many red spots in E. callistus ) and many white spots on tergites and pleura (versus white spots only on pleura in E. callistus ) ( González Pérez, 1995; Chan & Ng, 2008; Brown, 2014).

Infraorder Achelata Scholtz and Richter, 1995

Family Scyllaridae Latreille, 1825

Parribacus antarcticus (Lund, 1793)

( Figure 2 E-F)

Material examined: Brazil: Trindade Island , Enseada Orelhas, 20°29’40.2”S / 29°20’32.9”W, depth: 13.9 m, J.B. Mendonça coll., 06.xi.2014: 1 male, cl 91 mm ( MZUSP 35271 ) . Ibidem , depth: 14.6 m, J.B. Mendonça coll., 23.vii.2015: 1 male, cl 94 mm ( MZUSP 35272 ) . Ibidem , depth: 7 m, J.B. Mendonça coll., 21.xii.2014: 1 ovigerous female, cl 11.5 mm ( MZUSP 35288 ) .

Comparative material examined: Brazil: Tamandaré , Pernambuco, 08°49’S / 35°02’W, depth: 25-27 m, R.L. Moura and F. Filho coll., 22.i.1999: 1 male, cl 84 mm ( MZUSP 13731 ) . Ilha Rasa de Fora , Guarapari, Espírito Santo, J.L. Gasparini and V.C. Vidal coll.: 1 female, cl 81 mm ( MZUSP 12932 ) .

Type locality: Ambon, Indonesia .

Distribution: Disjunct circumtropical. Western Atlantic: Florida, Caribbean Sea ( Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia, Cuba, Jamaica, Virgin Islands, Dominica, Martinique, Curaçao, Bonaire, Barbados), Venezuela, Guianas, Suriname, Brazil (Amapá, Pará, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia, Trindade Island – present study) ( Fausto Filho et al., 1966; Holthuis, 1985, 1991; Coelho et al., 2007; Webber & Booth, 2007). Indo- West Pacific: from East Africa to Taiwan, Hawaii, Australia and French Polynesia ( Holthuis, 1985, 1991; Webber & Booth, 2007; Poupin & Juncker, 2010).

Ecological notes: Parribacus antarcticus inhabits both hard (coral, rocky reefs and reef flats) and soft-mixed bottoms (sand, gravel) down to at least to 20 m. It is primarily a nocturnal species, which during daytime hides in sciaphilic biotopes, alone or in small groups. In Trindade P. antarcticus was found in small caves, resting with the head downward on the cave wall. Although the species is broadly consumed, there is no commercial fishery for it ( Holthuis, 1985, 1991; Lavalli et al., 2007).

Remarks: This is the first record of Parribacus antarcticus from the remote island of Trindade, from where no other scyllarid lobster has been observed or collected. This species is disjunct circumtropical in distribution, being absent from the central and eastern Atlantic. Noteworthy, in the central Atlantic islands ( Ascension and St. Helena), two other scyllarids occur, Scyllarides delfosi Holthuis, 1960 ( Ascension) and S. obtusus Holthuis, 1993 ( St. Helena and Tristan da Cunha) ( Manning & Chace, 1990; Holthuis, 1993; Brown, 2014; De Grave et al., 2014). Curiously, S. delfosi , which was described from Suriname and is common along the north coast of South America ( Venezuela to Ceará, Brazil) ( Holthuis, 1991; Melo 1999) has never been recorded from Trindade. Brown’s (2014) photographic record of S. obtusus from Ascension Island deserves further investigation as it may actually be a misidentification for S. delfosi .

Figures

FIGURE 2: A-B, Stenopus hispidus (Olivier, 1811). A, Female, cl 12.4 mm, lateral view (MZUSP 35268). B, Ovigerous female, cl 21 mm, lateral view (MZUSP 35269). C-D, Enoplometopus antillensis Lütken, 1865, photographed in situ in Trindade, but escaped before it could be collected. E-F, Parribacus antarcticus (Lund, 1793), male, cl 91 mm, dorsal and ventral views, respectively (MZUSP 35271). Scales: A, 12 mm. B, 21 mm. E-F, 90 mm. Photographs by JBM.

FIGURE 4: A-B, Thor amboinensis (De Man, 1888). A, Ovigerous female, lateral view, cl 4 mm (MZUSP 35276). B, Male, cl 1.9 mm, dorsal view (MZUSP 33434). C, Thor manningi Chace, 1972, ovigerous female, cl 1.4 mm, lateral view (MZUSP 35277). D, Sea anemone Telmatactis sp. and sea urchin Diadema antillarum (under a stone flipped upside down) to which T. amboinensis and Tuleariocaris neglecta are usually attracted. E-F, Tuleariocaris neglecta Chace, 1969, lateral views. E, Ovigerous female, cl 3.5 mm (MZUSP 35282). F, Live male, cl 2 mm (MZUSP 33414). Note in F the shrimp holding itself to the spine of a sea urchin, head towards the base of the spine. Scales: A, 4 mm. B, 2 mm. C, 1.5 mm. E, 3.5 mm. F, 2 mm. Photographs by JBM.