Hemicrepidius ruficornis ( Kirby, 1837 )

Etzler, Frank E., 2020, A Revision of the Genus Hemicrepidius Germar, 1839 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) of the New World, with Comments on Global Classification, The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 18) 74, pp. 1-126 : 76-78

Hemicrepidius ruficornis ( Kirby, 1837) , status resurrected

( Figs. 36a–e , 38a )

Pedetes (Asaphes) ruficornis Kirby 1837: 146 ; LeConte 1853: 450 (as synonym of H. memnonius ); Candèze 1863: 211 (as synonym of H. memnonius ).

Asaphes brevicollis Candèze 1863: 212 ; Blatchley 1910: 769. New synonymy.

Hemicrepidius brevicollis (Candèze) : Horn 1880: 74 (as synonym of H. memnonius ); Leng 1920: 170; Brooks 1960: 31; Bousquet 1991: 183; Majka and Johnson 2008: 7; Majka et al. 2011: 139; Webster et al. 2012: 96; Bousquet et al. 2013: 184.

Diagnosis. Hemicrepidius ruficornis can be distinguished from all other Hemicrepidius species by the combination of moderately long and suberect setae, a curved prosternal process in lateral view, an emarginate posterior margin of the hypomeron with a narrowly truncate tip, and punctation on the pronotal disc that is smaller than the punctation on the head.

The only species it could be confused with is H. memnonius . Characters to distinguish the two species are given in the Diagnosis of the latter species above.

Redescription. Length 11.5–19.0 mm, width 3.0–5.0 mm; color red-brown to dark red-brown, elytra not contrasting with pronotum; often legs, antennae and posterior edge of pronotum, ventral edges of elytra, and edges of abdominal ventrites paler; integument shining. Setae moderately long, suberect, yellow. Head: Punctures subumbilicate, separated by half of puncture diameter to nearly contiguous; frons weakly concave anteromedially, some with slight triangular impression medially when viewed dorsally; frontal carina broadly rounded, complete when viewed from front, frontoclypeal region complete and narrow medially, frontal carina weakly projecting in lateral view; eyes large and strongly bulging, ocular index 55–60 (n = 3); antenna serrate, antennomere 2 subcylindrical, antennomere 3 subtriangular, 1.5× length of 2, setation intermediate between antennomeres 2 and 4, antennomere 3 three-fourths to subequal in length to 4, antennomeres 4–11 gradually becoming narrower apically, basally 2× longer than wide to about 3× longer than wide apically, antennomeres 4–11 with medial line bearing less setae than edges, antennomere 11 with tip constricted as a pseudosegment, antenna extending beyond pronotal posterior edge by 1–2 antennomeres. Prothorax: Pronotum 1.1–1.3× wider than long, widest at hind angles or just anterior of midlength; sides weakly arcuate, almost subparallel laterally, gradually narrowing at anterior half, slightly dorso-ventrally compressed anteriorly along lateral edge; hind angles nearing subparallel, sometimes with sinuate lateral edge anterior of hind angle, dorsal carina present directed antero-medially; punctures on disc smaller than punctures on head, simple to subumbilicate but determinable only at high magnification (50×), nearly touching to separated by two puncture diameters, punctures closer and larger laterally, nearly contiguous, separated by less than half puncture diameter, subumbilicate; posterior edge with sublateral notches. Hypomeron with subumbilicate punctures, punctures similar in size to lateral pronotal punctures, nearly contiguous anteriorly, less so towards large semicircular impunctate area on posterior one-third to one-fourth; posterior margin emarginate ( Fig. 36c ) with hind angle visible in lateral and ventral view and narrowly truncate at tip. Prosternum with punctation smaller than punctation on hypomeron, simple, punctures nearly touching laterally, less dense medially; anterior lobe slightly deflexed, broadly rounded, partially covering ventral mouthparts; prosternal process curved dorsad between procoxae in lateral view, narrow and straight to slightly sinuate past procoxae. Pterothorax: Mesoventral cavity with lateral edges sinuate, not visible anteriad mesocoxae in lateral view; posterior edge of cavity broadly pointed. Metaventrite with punctures simple, smaller than punctures on hypomeron, separated by one puncture diameter throughout. Scutellar shield elongate, about twice as long as wide, narrowly rounded posteriorly, sides sinuate, dorsal surface flat to weakly concave, anterior margin nearly straight, setae directed posteriorly, similar in length and color to setae on pronotum and elytra. Elytral striae weakly impressed basally; interstriae flat to slightly convex, punctures small, scattered, giving wrinkled appearance; basal carina crenulate. Legs with lobes on tarsomeres 2 and 3 wide, visible dorsally, lobe on tarsomere 3 largest, lobe on tarsomere 2 second largest, lobe on tarsomere 1 small, narrow, visible laterally, lobe on tarsomere 4 smallest, in most only visible ventrally. Abdominal ventrites: Punctures simple, slightly smaller than punctures on metaventrite, moderately dense, separated by one puncture diameter, less dense medially; fifth ventrite broadly rounded; sides of each ventrite with microserrations. Male genitalia ( Figs. 36d, e ): Parameres subparallel on basal two-thirds and slightly sinuate basal to pre-apical expansions, preapical expansion strongly acute (<45°) laterally; apex of paramere narrowly pointed, weakly membranous, setose ventral patch near pre-apical expansion with 5–8 apical dosal setae. Median lobe broad, about same width as near basal prongs throughout before narrowing at apical one-sixth; basal struts forming 90-degree angle latero-basally. Basal piece with majority of area membranous, membranous area broadly rounded medially.

Distribution. Specimens were examined from the following states and provinces: CANADA: MB, NS, ON, PE, QC; UNITED STATES: GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MT, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, TN, VT, WI, WV ( Fig. 38a ).

Notes. The name Asaphes ruficornis has historically been synonymized with H. memnonius , following LeConte (1853). After examining Kirby’ s type in the BMNH, it was discovered that it was the same species as Candèze’ s type of Asaphes brevicollis , also in the BMNH, hence the revised synonymy presented here. The confusion about the name A. ruficornis , beginning with LeConte, likely led Candèze to accidently redescribe the species. All literature records of H. brevicollis should be changed to H. ruficornis as a result of the synonymy.

An additional layer of confusion was added by Horn (1880) when he synonymized A. brevicollis with H. memnonius , stating it was a “less developed form”. This synonymy was troublesome for many, as A. brevicollis was often recognized as valid by later authors ( Blatchley 1910; Brooks 1960). Blatchley (1910) stated that H. memnonius and A. brevicollis could be separated by ratios of the antennomeres, with H. memnonius having antennomere 3 subequal to 4 and A. brevicollis having antennomere 3 shorter than 4. After extensive examination, this character proved too variable to be of use, varying between sexes within H. ruficornis .

Molecular data also support the recognition of H. ruficornis as a valid species separate from H. memnonius ( Figs. 1–3 ). Because of the historical confusion with H. memnonius , it is unclear if larvae have been described for H. ruficornis . However, larvae have been associated ( Etzler et al. 2014). A description of the larva will be performed in a later work.

Types Examined. Of Asaphes ruficornis : Holotype: Nova Scotia/ Asaphes ruficornis Kirby, N. scotia, 5852, new with Kirby; female; type locality Nova Scotia; in BMNH. Of Asaphes brevicollis : Lectotype: [yellow disc]/ Coll. Janson, ex. Candèze/ Asaphes brevicollis Et. Unis LeC.; male (?); type locality United States, not further limited; in BMNH. Paralectotype: West Canada / Coll. Janson/ Asaphes brevicollis Cand ; in BMNH.

LeConte Collection (7, MCZC). Can./ memnonius #4; [pale green disc]/ memnonius #5; [yellow disc]/ A. brevicollis Cand. / memnonius #8; [yellow disc]/ memnonius #9; [yellow disc]/ memnonius #11; Pen./ memnonius #12; Can./ memnonius #13.

Horn Collection (3, MCZC). In species nr. memnonius tray: N.Y., #4; [5 label], #7. In

unidentified Hemicrepidius tray: Lowell, Mass, 1890/ n. P. Atwood.

Melsheimer Collection (1, MCZC). [pale green disc]/ mel#2. Under H. memnonius .

Ziegler Collection (4, MCZC). Labeled as H. memnonius : [pale green disc]/ Zeig#2, Zeig#6, Zeig#7; [green rectangle]/ Zeig#3.

Other Specimens Examined (208). NORTH AMERICA: Amer. Bor. (4, BMNH); Coll. Janson, Ex Dejean/ A. melanopthalmus Melsh , Ath. fastiditus Dej. (pars), Amer. Bor., LeConte (2, BMNH); Coll. Janson, Ex Dejean/ Athous moethus Amer. Bor. (2, BMNH). CANADA: [no data] (1, BMNH); Cachise [?] (1, BMNH); West Canada, Ex. Janson (2, BMNH). Manitoba: Winnipeg, Bred VII-[19] 20, J. B. Wallis (1, MCZC); Winnipeg, VI-[19]21, J. B. Wallis (1, MCZC). Nova Scotia: [no data] (4, BMNH); Redman/ [dark green diamond]/ [green rectangle] (1, BMNH). Ontario: Barrie, 8-6-[19]11 (1, CASC); Chathom, 10-VII-[19]30, Geof. Beall (1, FMNH); Cloyne, Lake Mazinaw, 23.vi- 10.vii.1987, T.K. Phillips/ Malaise Trap (1, CESC); Muskoka Co., Gull Lake, VI-21-1921, VII- 4-1921, VII-11-1921, H. S. Parish (3, OSAC0000537360, OSAC0000537370, OSAC0000537371); W. H. H., Ottawa/ Sharp Col., 1905–313 (1, BMNH); Strathroy, July-1915, J. R. Gareau (1, INHS830360); Toronto, VII-[19]30 (1, MCZC); Wiarton, 1913–117 (1, BMNH). Prince Edward Island: [no data]/ O. S. Wescott collection (1, WSUC). Quebec: Montreal/ Van Dyke Collection (3, CASC); Ste-Foy, C. Queb, 20-VII-[19]67, 8- VII-[19]70, Claude Chantel (2, FSCA); Ste-Foy, 17- VII-[19]64, C. Chantel/ Light trap (1, FSCA). Dubious locality: British Columbia:?Vancouver I., North America, Coll. Janson (2, BMNH). UNITED STATES: Georgia: Clarke Co., Whitehall forest, 2-8-VI-1979, R. H. Turnbow, Jr, Insect Flight Trap (1, FSCA); Dekalb Co., VI-6-[19]69 (1, FSCA); Stephens Co., VII-4-[19]64, L. A. Cambre (1, FMNH); Towns Co., 180 spur, 0.4 mi from/ below parking lot of Brasstown Bald, at blacklight, 19-VI-2010 / 34°52.162’N, 83°48.401’W, coll. E. G. Chapman & J. M. Leavengood, Jr (1, JMLC, DNA—MTEC018135). Illinois: [no data] (10, INHS830263, INHS830297, INHS830303, INHS830306, INHS830307, INHS830346, INHS830347, INHS830414, INHS830432, INHS830530); Ill./ [4509] (2, INHS830345, INHS830411); N. Ill (2, INHS830382, INHS830398); N. Ill./ [4509] (4, INHS830356, INHS830380, INHSS830430, INHS830445); N. Ill./ [4510] (2, INHS830353, INHS830422); [Cook Co.], Chicago, [no date], July, A. I. Melander (2, WSUC); Oak Park, July [2, WSUC); [Lake Co.], Deep L., Aug-8-[19]06 (1, INHS830497); [McHenry Co.], Algonquin, [no date], July-2-[19]09, July-9- [19]09, July-16-[19[09, July-20-[19]09, July-29- [19]09, Nason (10, INHS830219, INHS830227, INHS830231, INHS830240, INHS830256, INHS830261, INHS830296, INHS830371, INHS830439, INHS830503); Putnam Co., June-21-1933, M. C. Glenn (1, INHS830498); [Vermilion Co.], Oakwood, July-6- 1927, at light, coll R. C. & T. F. (1, INHS830373). Indiana: Allen Co., New Haven, 7-15-1982, N. M. Downie (1, FSCA); Bear Wallow, July-7-1966, July-11-1966, Charles E. White, blacklight trap (3, FSCA); Harrison Co., April-17-June-9-2013, Lindgren funnel trap, Kyle E. Schnepp (1, FSCA/ KESC); Montgomery Co., Shades State Park, July- 1-25-2013, Lindgren funnel trap, Kyle E. Schnepp (1, KESC); Morgan Co., May-19-July-27-2013, Lindgren funnel trap, Kyle E. Schnepp (1, KESC [ Figs. 36d, e ]); Porter Co., Indiana Dunes State Park, 15-VII-1947, P. S. Bartholomew (1, CASC); Tippecanoe Co., Lafayette, 6-27-1981, 6-29-1981, VII-3-1981, 8-Jul-1982, VII-9-1982, 7-15-1982, 7- 15-1983, 7-18-1983, 6-19-1984, VII-4-1987, 4-Jul- 1990, N. M. Downie, U-V light (16, FSCA); [Wells Co.], Bluffton, 29-8-[19]06/ G.A.K. Marshall, 1908–212 (1, BMNH). Iowa: Linn Co., 3.0mi N Viola, VI-27-[19]72, black lite, E. L. Sleeper (1, CASC). Kansas: Douglas Co., F. H. Snow (1, SEMC); Breidenthal Res., 2 mi W. Baldwin, 1-12- Julu-1984, window trap, J. Pakaluk #253 (1, SEMC); Jackson Co., Mayetta, 6.5kmW on 158 th Rd., 39°19.828N, 96° 36.687°W, 5-12-VI-2006, A. Cruz, ex. canopy trap, KAN1S06 056 (1, SEMC, SM0796004 [ Fig. 36b ]). Maine: [no data] (1, MCZC); [Androscoggin Co.], Lewiston, S. Stebbins (1, MCZC); [Cumberland Co.], N. Bridgeton [sic], VII-15-1963 (1, PMNH); [County?] Packard (1, MCZC). Maryland: Anne Arundel Co., Edgewater, 23-27-VI-1983, C. L. Staines, Jr, at blacklight (1, FSCA); Prince George’ s Co., College Park at light, 6-9 June, 1990, C. E. Seibert, colr. (1, CESC). Massachusetts: [no data] (2, MCZC); Middlesex Co., Lincoln, 27-vii.-10-viii-[19]82, window trap, E. T. Armstrong (1, MCZC); Framingham, Mass, 5-VII-1934 / C. E. Tottenham Coll., B.M.1963–414 (1, BMNH); Framingham, VII-5-[19]50, C. A. Frost/ at Light (1, MCZC); Lowell, Jul-[18]90 (1, MCZC); Wakefield, 7-27 (1, MCZC); Winchester, VII-2-[19]02 (1, MCZC); [Nantucket Co.], Nantucket B., 7-21-[19]24 (1, MCZC); Nantucket, VII-21-[19]24 (1, ASUC); Garden, 6-22-[18]77/ Frederick Allen Eddy Collection (1, MCZC). Michigan: [Charlevoix Co.], Advance, Lake Charlevoix, VII-21-1956, G. H. Nelson/ collected at light (1, FSCA); [Oakland Co.], Birmingham, July-14-1936, M. H. Hatch (2, OSAC0000566839, OSAC0000566840); Rochester, July-10-1936, M. H. Hatch (2, OSAC0000566841, OSAC0000566842); Washtenaw Co., VIII-1-1922, M. H. Hatch, AA40 (1, OSAC0000551176). Minnesota: [no data] (1, MCZC); [Ramsey Co.], St. Paul (1, INHS830412); [Saint Louis Co.], Duluth (1, INHS830304). Montana: Bighorn Co., Hardin, elev. 875m, 45.7567°N, 107.5660°W, 20-Jul-30- Aug-2010, L. funnel with AP & EtOH, USDA (1, MTEC); Dawson Co., Intake diversion, 19 July 1990, D. L. Gustafson col. (1, MTEC); Stream by Rd 242 off I-94 exit 206, elev. 673m, 47.0420°N, 104.8192°W, July-19 Sept 2010/ Kraus, Taravati, Etzler, LF trap (3, MTEC, DNA—MTEC007667, MTEC007668); Custer Co., Miles City Cemetary [sic], 46.3961°N, 105.8252°W, 20-Jun-21-Jul- 2010; 2400ft, P. Kraus, baited LF (1, MTEC); Fallon Co., W of Ekalaka, Hwy 323, elev. 981m, 46.2259°N, 104.3981°W, July- 28-Oct-2010, Kraus, USDA, baited LF (1, MTEC); Richland Co., near Fairview @ blt, 47.8223°N, 104.0705°W, 24 Jun-31 Jul 1992, 8 July-20 Aug 1993, R. G. Bramblett col. (4, CESC); Richland Co., Sidney USDA/MSU Ext, 47.7256°N, 104.1463°W, 28-Jul-19-Aug- 2011, 1693ft, Hart, Etzler, Ivie, LF (1, MTEC; DNA— MTEC023689); Rosebud Co, Rosebud- far west, 19-July-1990, D. L. Gustafson col. (1, MTEC); Rosebud- Far West, pitfall trap, 14-June-10-Aug- 1991, 10-Aug-11-Oct-1991, D. L. Gustafson (8, MTEC; 1, CESC); Treasure Co., Yellowstone R.- Myers Br., 46.2579°N, 107.3406°W, 6-Aug- 2004, 804m, D. L. Gustafson, A0100 (1, MTEC); Valley Co., Milk R., @ Bjornberg Br., pitfall trap, 12-Jun- 8-Aug-1991, D. L. Gustafson col. (4, MTEC); Wibaux Co., Ash Crk ner Hwy 7, 914m, 46.6447°N, 104.22822°W, July- 18-Sept-2010, baited LF, Kraus, Taravati, Etzler (1, MTEC). New Hampshire: [no data]/ A. Fenyes Collection (1, CASC); [Merrimack Co.], Concord, 7-8 (1, INHS830522). New Jersey: Union Co., Cranford Twp, 7 Fifth Avenue, 1 July 2008, Anthony Martin Deczynski (1, AMDC). New York: [no data]/ Van Dyke Collection (1, CASC); Albany Co., Rennselaerville, Huyck Preserve/ Ross H. Arnett, Jr., collector, July- 5-1975, July-6-1975, July-7-13-1975 [ Fig. 36a ], July-17-1975 (6, FSCA); [Erie Co.], Buffalo (1, MCZC); Essex Co., Wilmington, 7-10-VII-1991, J. Huether (1, FSCA); [Greene Co.], New Balt., 7-7- 1893, E. B. Southwick (1, BMNH); [Oneida Co.], E. Doubleday, Trenton Falls ‘3; 2-“434”, 1-“435”’, 228/ Ent Club (1, BMNH); St. Lawrence Co., Grass Lake, VII-9-1988, N. M. Downie (2, FSCA); Cranberry Lake,[no date],7-18-[19]19;VII-20-[19]19,7-21- [19]20 (6, OSAC0000537352–OSAC0000537355, OSAC0000537357, OSAC0000537359); Boiceville, July-10-1937, J. G. Franclemont (1, FSCA); [Tompkins Co.], Ithaca (1, MCZC); Ithaca, 29-July- 1937, J. G. Franclemont (2, FSCA); Ithaca, 4-VII- [19]80, at lights, J. Pakaluk (3, SEMC); Ithaca, 8- July-1980, 15-July-1980, 16-July-1980, J. Pakaluk (3, SEMC). North Carolina : Haywood Co., Lake Junaluska, 15-VI-1984, H. V. Weems, Jr., ultraviolet light (1, FSCA); Lk Junaluska/ H. V. Weems Jr, 6- VII-[19]61/ at black light (1, FSCA); GRSM ATBI Plot, Cataloochee, MT09 311401E 3939854N, 5- 19-July-2001, L. C. Stocks and M. Peterson (1, LSAM0104149). Ohio: Hocking Co., Sheick Hollow, 8-23-July-1989, R. S. Miller family/ Malaise trap in riparian woods (1, MTEC); Jackson Co., Lake Katherine, 15 June-17 July 1989, R. S. Miller family/ Malaise trap in woods below spillway; assoc. with Magnolia macrophylla (1, MTEC); [Knox Co.], Gambler, VII-20-1940 (1, FSCA); Ross Co., Tar Hollow St. For., 14-22-June- 1988, 20-30-June-1988, R. S. Miller family/ Malaise trap in riparian woods (3, MTEC [ Fig. 36c ]). Pennsylvania: [no data] (1, MCZC); [Allegheny Co.], West View, VII-28/ from H. L. Chermeck (1, CASC); [Dauphin Co.], Harrisburg, VII- 11-[19]10, VII-26-[19]10 (2, MCZC); Hummelstown, VI-8, VI-22, VI-23-[19]33, 6-23-[19]33, J. N. Knull (1, FSCA; 2, CASC; 3, SEMC); [Perry Co.], Perdix, VI-10-[19]11(1, MCZC). Tennessee: Blount Co., GSMNP, Chilhowee Lake, 0229045 3934549, 7- Jun-2005, J. E. Hudson (1, LSAM0108254); GSMNP, Whiteoak Sink, Sante, canopy, trap, upper, at 35°38.120’N, 83°44.980’W, 640m, LSAM team, 30-Jun-12-Aug-2007 (1, LSAM0115343); Cocke Co., GSMNP, ATBI Plot, Snakeden Ridge, 299256E 3957561N/ Malaise Trap MT20, 4-19- Jun-2001, I. C. Stocks (1, LSAM); GSMNP, Snakeden Ridge, ATBI Plot, Malaise Trap, MT- 2020010716, 2-16-July-2001, I. C. Stocks (1, LSAM0103490); GSMNP, Cosby Crk. Valley, Gunter Cemetery, 35°46.274N, 83°12.773W / UV light, site 11, 22-Jun-2006, J. Ciegler, P. Harpootlian (1, LSAM0159057); [Davidson Co.], Nashville, 23- 6/ Collection H. Soltau (1, FSCA); Sevier Co., GSMNP ATBIplot: Twin Creeks, Malaise Trap 01/ 35°41.10’N, 83°29.94’W, Parker, Stocks, & Peterson, 21-Jun-6-Jul-1999 (1, LSAM0102958); GSMNP, ATBI Plot Twin Creeks MT01, 35°41.10’N, 83°29.94’W ,, 19-Jun-3-Jul-2000, malaise trap, Parker, Stocks, & Petersen (1, LSAM0059968); GSMNP, Tween [Twin?] Creeks ATBI Plot, MT-0120000718, 3-18-July-2000, Parker, Stocks, & Petersen (2, LSAM0128887, LSAM0128894); GSMNP, Twin Creeks ATBI Plot, MT-0120000802, 18-July-2-August-2000, Parker, Stocks, & Petersen (1, LSAM0103673); GSMNP, Goshen Prong ATBI Plot, Malaise Trap, MT- 2220010717, 2-17-June-2001, M. Williams (1, LSAM0128962); GSMNP, ATBI Plot Twin Creeks, 35°41.10’N, 83°29.94’W, malaise trap 2, 5-21-Jun- 2001, I. Stocks & L. Collins, MT0220010621 (1, LSAM0129673); GSMNP, Twin Creeks ATBI Plot, Malaise Trap MT-0220010706, 21-June-6-Jul- 2001, I. C. Stocks (1, LSAM0129730); GSMNP, Tween [Twin?] Creeks ATBI Plot, Lindgren #01, 21-June-6-July-2001, Parker, Stocks, & Petersen (1, LSAM0129168); GSMNP, Goshen Prong ATBI Plot, Lindgren Funnel #22, 2-17 July 2001, Parker, Stocks, & Petersen (1, LSAM0103938). Vermont: [Chittenden Co.], Burlington, July-7-1928 / In meadow sweeping, F. C. Lutman (1, PMNH). Virginia: Bath Co., #1 9 mi W. Warm Springs, 1800ft, 1-July-1967 (1, SEMC); Grayson Co., Jefferson Natl. Forest, Mt. Rogeers Rec. Area, Grindstone campground, VA 603, 14-VII-1984, Howard V. Weems, Jr., & Camilla B. Weems, at propane lantern (1, FSCA). West Virginia: Pocahontas Co., Watoga St. Park, 15-17-VII-1986, Howard V. Weems, Jr., at fluorescent light (1, FSCA). Wisconsin: [no data] (2, MCZC); [no data]/ [4509] (1, INHS830450); [Bayfield Co.], Bayfld, Wickham (4, MCZC); [Dane Co.], Madison, 7-7- [19]25, 7-3-1928 / C.E. Woodworth collector/ at Sugar (2, WSUC); [Milwaukee Co.], Milwaukee (1, MCZC). Unknown locality: Peabody Coll’ n (1, INHS830524); 310/ Ent Club (1, BMNH).

Figures

Fig. 36. Hemicrepidius ruficornis. Dorsal habitus: a) Male, b) Female. c) Pronotum, lateral view. Male genitalia:

Fig. 38. Distribution maps of examined Hemicrepidius specimens (blue/gray dots). a) H. ruficornis, b) H. simplex.

Figs. 1–2. 1) Bayesian tree of CO1 and 28S; values shown are posterior probabilities; Elaterinae clade not to scale, shortened to fit in figure; scale bar represents 4% genetic variance. 2) Maximum likelihood tree of CO1 and 28S; values shown are ultra-fast bootstrap; Melanotus clade not to scale, shortened to fit in figure; scale bar represents 5% genetic variance. Both figures: Branches with support values below 80 were collapsed. Red clade represents Hemicrepidius species. Blue arrows indicate Central American species removed from Hemicrepidius and placed into Athous.

Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood tree of CO1 barcode region. Values shown are ultra-fast bootstrap values. Branches with values below 80% are collapsed. Only selected basal branches and Hemicrepidius values are given. Blue clades represent Athous species. Green clades represent species in the Limonius group of genera (Etzler 2019). Purple clades represent genera in Dendrometrini (Cate 2007). Red clade represents Hemicrepidius species. Black clades are remaining groups. Blue arrows indicate Central American species removed from Hemicrepidius and placed into Athous. Scale bar represents 7% genetic variance. Taxa and groups given in Tables 1 and 2.