Euarestoides bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom, 2019

Savaris, Marcoandre, Norrbom, Allen L., Marinoni, Luciane & Lampert, Silvana, 2019, Revision of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae), Zootaxa 4551 (3), pp. 299-329 : 313-314

Euarestoides bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom , n. sp.

Figs. 7 , 22–25 , 40 , 46 , 52 , 58

Diagnosis. This species differs from all other species of Euarestoides in having the ground color of the scutum yellow, two distinct dark spots within the stellate mark in cell r 4+5; and the glans with two large spines at the base. It differs from the other species except E. rionegrensis in lacking a complete darker border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m. It further differs from E. rionegrensis in having the medial prensiseta curved ( Fig. 40 ), the acrophallus without a large apical lobe ( Fig. 52 ), and the aculeus with the lateral margin nonserrate ( Fig. 24 ).

Description. Body length 2.70–2.85 mm, yellow in ground color. Setae generally pale brown to brown.

Head: Slightly higher (0.70–0.75 mm) than long (0.48–0.53 mm). Generally yellow, frons yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle brown to dark brown, and occiput brown medially and with brown mark sublaterally extended nearly to vertical seta. Frons length (0.32–0.40 mm) less than width at vertex (0.46–0.48 mm), slightly narrowed to anterior margin (0.36–0.46 mm). Gena with few small setulae mixed acuminate dark and lanceolate yellowish on middle and ventral margin; genal seta acuminate, pale brown; gena height to eye long diameter ratio 0.23–0.24. Eye ovoid, long diameter 0.54–0.58 mm, width 0.48–0.49 mm. Antenna testaceous yellow, first flagellomere as long as wide. Maxillary palpus pale brown at apex with 3 distinct acuminate setulae.

Thorax: Length 1.21–1.26 mm, ground color of scutum and scutellum yellow.

Wing ( Fig. 7 ): Length 2.98–3.10 mm, width 1.10–1.18 mm. Area between pterostigma and crossvein r-m pale brown to gray reticulate with relatively small hyaline spots, without or with very faint, incomplete, darkened border along anterodistal margin. Pterostigma with basal half subhyaline or yellowish and apical half brown. Cell r 1 with 3 rays in marginal part, most proximal ray narrow, distal two rays broad, most distal as broad as or subequal to subapical ray; rays bordering 3 marginal hyaline marks: largest immediately distad of pterostigma, oblique and reaching to or almost to vein R 4+5; second mark triangular, usually reaching vein R 2+3; and small triangular subapical mark reaching vein R 2+3. Cell r 2+3 with 2 marginal hyaline marks (with complete or incomplete medial dark ray). Cell r 4+5 with apical rays complete, narrowly apically (slightly wider distally than basally); with 2 distinct medial dark spots bordering vein R 4+5 within the subapical stellate mark; subbasal hyaline spot near anterior end of crossvein dm-m small, no more than half width of cell. Cells br, bm, cu a, dm, and m 4 and anal lobe pale brown to gray reticulate, hyaline spots relatively small, markings connected. Dark ray over crossvein dm-m and 2 dark rays crossing cell m 1 all reaching posterior wing margin. Basal marginal hyaline mark in cell m 1 reaching vein M 1 (first ray and ray on dm-m not connected). Halter mostly yellow, with apex darker.

Legs: Entirely yellow.

Abdomen: Ground color yellow.

Female terminalia: Oviscape yellow, length 0.71 mm, width 0.56 mm at base and 0.20 mm at apex; with evenly distributed white setulae. Eversible membrane ( Fig. 22 ) length 0.71 mm. Aculeus ( Fig. 23 ) pale brown, length 0.72 mm, with lateral margin nonserrate; tip ( Fig. 24 ) triangular, length 0.16 mm. Spermathecae ( Fig. 25 ) elongate, length 0.14 mm.

Male terminalia: Medial surstylus with prensisetae equal and medial prensiseta distinctly curved ( Fig. 40 ). Phallapodeme 0.58 mm long, mostly dark brown. Glans 0.32 mm long, with 2 large spines at base ( Fig. 52 ); acrophallus without apical lobe; vesica very short.

Distribution. Neotropical. Peru (Cusco) ( Fig. 58 ). The type series was collected at altitudes of 2849-3296 m.

Biology. This species has not been reared, but two of the type specimens were collected on Baccharis boliviensis (Wedd.) Cabrera ( Astereae ). Adults have been collected in January and June.

Type data. The holotype male is labeled “ PERU: Cusco: Ollantaytambo, E of, WP 665, 13.26707°S ” / “ 72.22823°W, 2849 m, on Baccharis boliviensis (12-PE-36), 8 Jun 2012; A. L. Norrbom & B. D. Sutton ” / “ HOLOTYPE ♂ Euarestoides bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom ” [red] / “ USNMENT00744412 ” [plastic bar code label]. It is double mounted (minuten), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the MHNJP . Paratypes: PERU: Cusco: Carretera Manu , dirt side road, ravine, WPB-34, 13.57279°S 71.70208°W, 3296 m, 28 Jan 2013; A. L. Norrbom, G. J. Steck & B. D. Sutton, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT00875891 ) ; Ollantaytambo , E of, WP 665, 13.26707°S 72.22823°W, 2849 m, on Baccharis boliviensis (12-PE-36), 8 Jun 2012; A. L. Norrbom & B. D. Sutton, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00744411 ) .

Etymology. The species epithet is a Latin adjective referring to the two spots within the stellate mark in cell r 4+5.

Figures

FIGURE 58. Distribution map for Euarestoides: (○) E. abstersus (Loew). (●) E. acutangulus (Thomson). (☆) E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom. (Δ) E. dreisbachi Foote. (■) E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom. (□) E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom.

FIGURES 2‒13. Wings: 2–3, E. abstersus (♂, USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262501; ♀, Delaware, Rehoboth, USNMENT00262502); 4–6, E. acutangulus (♂, USA: California, Riverside, USNMENT00262498; ♀, Palm Springs USNMENT00262499; ♂, Peru: Cusco, Urcos, USNMENT00262500); 7, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (♀, Peru: Cusco, Ollantaytambo, USNMENT00744411); 8–9, E. dreisbachi (♂, ♀, Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671472; USNMENT00671474); 10–11, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (♂, ♀, Brazil: São Paulo, Votorantim, USNMENT00262496–97); 12–13, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (♂, ♂, Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262577–78). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 14‒25. Female terminalia (eversible membrane, aculeus, aculeus tip, and spermatheca): 14–17, E. abstersus (USA: North Carolina, Raleigh, USNMENT00104332); 18–21, E. acutangulus (USA: California, Palm Springs, USNMENT00262499); 22–25, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (Peru: Cusco, Ollantaytambo, USNMENT00744411). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 38‒43. Male terminalia (epandrium, surstyli and proctiger, posterior): 38, E. abstersus (USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262604); 39, E. acutangulus (Mexico: Baja California, USNMENT00262606); 40, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (Peru: Cusco, Carretera Manu, USNMENT00875891); 41, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671469); 42, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: Bahia, Palmeiras, USNMENT00262504); 43, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262578). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 44‒49. Male terminalia (epandrium, surstyli and proctiger, lateral): 44, E. abstersus (USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262604); 45, E. acutangulus (Mexico: Baja California, USNMENT00262606); 46, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (Peru: Cusco, Carretera Manu, USNMENT00875891); 47, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671469); 48, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: Bahia, Palmeiras, USNMENT00262504); 49, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262578). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 50‒55. Male terminalia (glans and phallus, lateral): 50, E. abstersus (USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262604); 51, E. acutangulus (Mexico: Baja California, USNMENT00262606); 52, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (Peru: Cusco, Carretera Manu, USNMENT00875891); 53, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671469); 54, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: Bahia, Palmeiras, USNMENT00262504); 55, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262578). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.