Physalaemus lateristriga ( Steindachner, 1864 ) Steindachner, 1864

Cassini, Carla Santana, Cruz, Carlos Alberto Gonçalves & Caramaschi, Ulisses, 2010, Taxonomic review of Physalaemus olfersii (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856) with revalidation of Physalaemus lateristriga (Steindachner, 1864) and description of two new related species (Anura: Leiuperidae), Zootaxa 2491, pp. 1-33 : 16-21

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.195620
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5625053
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A92A3C-FC5C-892D-7790-2AEED262FDC0
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Physalaemus lateristriga ( Steindachner, 1864 )
status	comb. nov.

Treatment

Physalaemus lateristriga ( Steindachner, 1864) , new combination

( Figs. 12 View FIGURE 12 , 13 View FIGURE 13 , 14 View FIGURE 14 , 15 View FIGURE 15 )

Nattereria lateristriga Steindachner, 1864 .

Physalaemus personatus —Fitzinger in Steindachner, 1864. Physalaemus olfersii — Nascimento, Caramaschi & Cruz, 2005 (part). Physalaemus olfersii — Cruz, Cassini & Caramaschi, 2008 (part).

Lectotype. NMW 4329:1 ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 ), by present designation, female (SVL 28.7; HL 12.2; HW 9.0; ED 0.4; UEW 0.2; IOD 0.3; IND 0.3; END 0.3; TL 15.3; SL 14.; FL 21.0), collected at Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil, on 0 9 November 1820, collector unknown.

Paralectotype. NMW 4329:2, male, collected with the lectotype.

Diagnosis. (1) Body length small to medium (SVL 30.3–37.8 mm in males, 32.6–40.3 mm in females); (2) skin texture shagreened; (3) head longer than wide; (4) snout pointed in dorsal view, protruding to acute in lateral profile; (5) lateral black stripe, from the posterior corner of the eye to the inguinal region; (6) inguinal gland developed, not associated with dark ocellus; (7) oblique white line from the posterior corner of the eye to the arm insertion; (8) white line absent on cantus rostralis and the border of upper eyelid, and weakly marked on the dorsolateral fold to the inguinal region; (9) annulus of tympanum weakly developed; (10) vocal sac developed; (11) tarsal tubercle absent; (12) tarsal fold absent or weakly developed; (13) advertisement call composed by one multipulsed note (pulse rate 171–202 pulses per second); (14) mean dominant frequency 1.68 kHz.

Comparison with other species. Physalaemus lateristriga comb. nov. is distinguished from P. aguirrei and P. i n s p e r a t u s by the absence of a white line outlining the inferior margin of the mandible and by the absence of the supratympanic fold (both present in those species); by the presence of an oblique white line from the posterior corner of the eye to the arm insertion (absent in P. aguirrei and in P. insperatus ); and ventral region light brown with brown and white dispersed blotches (ventral region light brown with white blotches, except on the ventral surface of the thigh that is uniformly white in P. aguirrei and in P. insperatus ). Additionaly, P. lateristriga comb. nov. com. nov. is distinguished from P. aguirrei by non–harmonic physical structure of the call (harmonic in P. aguirrei ; Pimenta & Cruz 2004) and mean dominant frequency 1.68 kHz (3.1 kHz in P. aguirrei ; Pimenta & Cruz 2004). From P. insperatus , it is distinguished by the vocal sac not expanded laterally (expanded laterally in P. insperatus ).

Physalaemus lateristriga comb. nov. is distinguished from P. feioi sp. nov. and P. orophilus sp. nov. by the vocal sac uniformly dark gray (with gray blotches in P. feioi sp. nov. and P. orophilus sp. nov.). Additionaly, it is distinguished from P. feioi sp. nov. by the ventral surface with scattered blotches (blotches concentrated on gular region in P. feioi sp. nov.), tarsal tubercle weakly developed or absent (developed in P. feioi sp. nov.), and advertisement call with pulse rate from 171–202 pulses per second (8–16 pulses per sencond in P. feioi sp. nov. and 16–19 pulses per second in P. orophilus sp. nov.). Moreover, it is distinguished from P. orophilus sp. nov. by its smaller size (SVL 21.1–24,8 mm in males, 25.5–28.1 mm in females of P. orophilus sp. nov.).

Physalaemus lateristriga comb. nov. presents smaller body length than P. maximus (SVL 41.1–46.5 mm in males, 42.2–51.5 mm in females of P. maximus ), and advertisement call with mean dominant frequency 1.68 kHz (two values: 0.73 or 0.78 kHz in P. maximus ; Baêta et al. 2007).

Physalaemus lateristriga comb. nov. is distinguished from P. o l f e r s i i by the presence of a white line on canthus rostralis and on the margin of the upper eyelid, which is thicker and well marked (white line throught canthus rostralis and on the margin of upper eyelid thin and weakly marked in P. olfersii ); by the annulus of tympanum distinct, weakly developed (indistinct in P. o l f e r s i i); tibia gray or brown marked marbled (weakly marbled, except on dorsal surface in P. olfersii ), tarsal fold absent (weakly developed in P. olfersii ); and advertisment call with pulse duration of 4 to 5 miliseconds (6 to 7 milisencond in P. olfersii ) higher pulse rate (131 to 159 pulses per second in P. olfersii ).

Physalaemus lateristriga comb. nov. presents larger body length than P. soaresi (SVL 17.9–22.8 mm in males, 19.9–21.5 mm in females of P. soaresi ); an oblique white line from the posterior corner of the eye to the shoulder (absent in P. s o a re s i); tarsal tubercle weakly developed or absent (developed in P. s o a re s i); developed and dark gray vocal sac (vocal sac weakly developed and light brown in P. s o a re s i); head longer than wide (wider than long in P. soaresi ); and advertisement call with mean dominant frequency 1.68 kHz (3.3 kHz in P. soaresi ; Weber et al. 2005).

Description. Body robust ( Figs. 13 View FIGURE 13 , 14 View FIGURE 14 ); head longer than wide; snout pointed in dorsal view, protruding in lateral profile; nostrils elliptical, not protuberant, located and oriented laterally, closer to tip of snout than to eye; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region vertical; eye slightly protuberant; tympanum weakly distinct; supratympanic fold absent; parotoid glands well developed; presence of a dorsolateral fold from the posterior corner of eye, delimiting the dorsal region from the flank, and ending at the anterior margin of the inguinal gland; vocal sac subgular, well developed, extending to the chest; choanae small, rounded, well separated from each other; tongue narrow, long, free posteriorly; maxillary and premaxillary teeth visible; vomerine teeth absent. Arms short, slender; forearms slightly more robust and as short as arms; fingers thin, very long, weakly fringed; fingers length I <II = IV <III; extensive nuptial pad divided, one part covering from 1/2 to 2/ 3 of the inner metacarpal tubercle and other part enclosing the thumb, except the inner side; subarticular tubercles single, well developed, rounded; outer metacarpal tubercle medium–sized, rounded, covering 1/3 of carpal region; inner metacarpal tubercle large, elliptical, covering 1/2 of carpal region, approximately two times the size of the outer metacarpal tubercle; presence of supernumerary tubercles; fingers tip slightly expanded. Legs moderately robust; tibia slightly longer than thigh; sum of tibia and thigh lengths shorter than SVL; tarsal fold absent; toes thin, long, slightly fringed; toes length I <II <III ≤ V <IV; subarticular tubercles protruding, conic; inner metatarsal tubercle medium–sized, elliptical; outer metatarsal tubercle small, ovoid; supernumerary tubercles weakly developed; toes tip slightly expanded. Dorsal surface shagreened and ventral surface smooth. Ventral disc absent.

Color in life. The color pattern vary from gray to light brown ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 ); dorsal median line extending on posterior third of the dorsum; loreal region dark brown with some white dots dispersed; a black stripe under the dorsolateral fold, extending from the postorbital region to the inguinal region; a white line well marked and thicker on canthus rostralis and border of upper eyelid, and marked on the dorsolateral fold; a rectangular dark brown blotch on dorsum of the forearm; transversal brown bars on dorsum of thighs; an irregular brown blotch on internal side of tibia, near to the heel; gular region dark gray with small white dots; white dots on the anterior region of the abdomen, large white blotches on the posterior region of the abdomen; proximal region of ventral surfaces of limbs light brown; dark brown line laterally to the ventral surface of the arms; brown nuptial pads; inguinal gland not distinguished from the color pattern of the dorsum; posterior region of the abdomen and tubercles of plantar and palmar surfaces red.

Color in preservative (70% ethanol). General color pattern maintained in preservative. Dorsal surface with a light gray blotch on the center; tubercles of plantar and palmar surfaces, and abdomen white.

TABLE 4: Mean (X), standard deviation (SD), and range of snout–vent length (SVL) of males and females of the species of the Physalaemus olfersii group. Measurements in mm.

Species Males Females FIGURE 16: Physalaemus lateristriga comb. nov. advertisement call: A—oscilogram, B -audiospectrogram, C—power spectrum, D—oscillogram of a cut of the same call evidencing pulsed structure, and E—oscillogram of a cut of the same call evidencing the subpulsed structure. Specimen CFBH 21169, collected at the municipality of São José dos Pinhais, state of Paraná, on 10/XI/2008. Air temperature: 20.8°C

Variation (n = 129). Males are slightly smaller than females. Range, mean, and standard deviation of SVL of males and females are in table 4. Specimens analyzed present tarsal tubercle weakly developed (22%) or absent (78%); and tarsal fold weakly developed (59%) or absent (41%). Interorbital white line complete or incomplete. White line on dorsolateral fold weakly marked in most specimens analyzed, although in some specimens it is absent.

Advertisement call. Advertisement calls (n = 70 calls) were obtained from six males from the municipalities of São José dos Pinhais (n = 38) and Morretes (n = 15), state of Paraná, and São Bento do Sul, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (n = 17). The advertisement call (Fig. 16, table 2) is composed by one single multipulsed note, each pulse composed by two subpulses (which can be fused on sonogram along the call); non–harmonic structure, without frequency modulation; mean duration of the call of 3.59 seconds (SD = 0.7, amplitude = 1.67 to 5.47 seconds); each pulse with 4 to 5 miliseconds; pulse rate ranges from 171 to 202 pulses per second (mean = 183, SD = 10); mean duration of time between calls 1.80 seconds (SD = 0.8, amplitude = 0.8 to 3.74 seconds) and mean value of the dominant frequency 1.68 kHz (SD = 0.23, amplitude = 0.75–2.08 kHz).

Geographical distribution. Physalemus lateristriga comb. nov. is distributed in southern state of São Paulo, and states of Paraná and Santa Catarina ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ).