Physalaemus feioi, Cassini, Carla Santana, Cruz, Carlos Alberto Gonçalves & Caramaschi, Ulisses, 2010

Cassini, Carla Santana, Cruz, Carlos Alberto Gonçalves & Caramaschi, Ulisses, 2010, Taxonomic review of Physalaemus olfersii (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856) with revalidation of Physalaemus lateristriga (Steindachner, 1864) and description of two new related species (Anura: Leiuperidae), Zootaxa 2491, pp. 1-33 : 21-25

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.195620
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5625055
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A92A3C-FC47-8921-7790-2814D569FDE5
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Physalaemus feioi
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Physalaemus feioi , new species

( Figs. 17 View FIGURE 17 , 18 View FIGURE 18 , 19 View FIGURE 19 )

Holotype. MNRJ 5892 ( Figs. 17 View FIGURE 17 , 18 View FIGURE 18 ), adult male, collected at Mata da Biologia (20°45’S, 42°51’W; elevation 700 m), Campus of Universidade Federal de Viçosa, municipality of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, on 15 January 2005, by Carla S. Cassini and André F. Gualberto.

Paratypes. Collected at the type locality: MNRJ 3117 (female), collected by Renato N. Feio, on 26 August 1997; MNRJ 49945–49947 (males) collected by Carla S. Cassini and André F. Gualberto, on 26 October 2007; MNRJ 5273 (male) collected by Kevin Middlebrooks, on 0 2 October 2003; MNRJ 5305 (male), collected by Kevin Middlebrooks and Jussara S. Dayrell, on 0 4 November 2003; MNRJ 5816 (male), collected by Carla S. Cassini, Emanuel T. Silva, and Jussara S. Dayrell, on 0 2 December 2004; MNRJ 5825– 5829 (males), collected by Eliana F. Oliveira and Jussara S. Dayrell, on 0 9 December 2004, MNRJ 5890 (female), MNRJ 5891 (male), collected by André F. Gualberto and Carla S. Cassini, on 15 January 2005; MNRJ 5996 (male), MNRJ 5997 (male), collected by André F. Gualberto, Carla S. Cassini, and Jussara S. Dayrell, on 25 January 2004; MNRJ 6226 (female), collected by Carla S. Cassini, Eliana F. Oliveira, and Jussara S. Dayrell, on 27 April 2005; MZUFV 2539 (male), collected by Vicente W.D. Casali, on 0 2 January 1996; MZUFV 2542 (male), collected by Vicente W.D. Casali, on 0 2 January 1996; MZUFV 3189 (male), collected by Alexandre L. Silva, on 12 November 1997; MZUFV 3614 (female), collected by Alexandre L.

Silva, on 13 February 1998; MZUFV 5297 (female), collected by Kevin A. Middlebrooks and Paula F. Leão, on 31 October 2003; MZUFV 5679 (male), collected by Carla S. Cassini and Jussara S. Dayrell, on 31 October 2003; MZUFV 5680 (male), collected by Carla S. Cassini and Jussara S. Dayrell, on 31 October 2003; MZUFV 5817 (male), collected by Carla S. Cassini, on 0 2 December 2004; MZUFV 5894 (female), collected by Carla S. Cassini and André F. Gualberto, on 15 January 2005; MZUFV 5998 (male), collected by Carla S. Cassini, on 25 January 2004. Mata do Paraíso (20°48’03”S, 42°52’49”W, elevation 732 m), municipality of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: MZUFV 665 (male), collected by Renato N. Feio, on 21 September 1992; MNRJ 5688 (female), collected by Carla S. Cassini and Eliana F. Oliveira, on 21 October 2004; MNRJ 6769 (female), collected by Michael E. Nagai, on 26 January 2006.

Diagnosis. (1) Body length small to moderate (SVL 21.2–29.2 mm in males, 23.5–31.2 mm in females); (2) skin texture shagreened; (3) head longer than wide; (4) snout sub–elliptical in dorsal view, protruding in lateral profile; (5) lateral black stripe extending from the postorbital region to the inguinal region; (6) inguinal gland poorly evident; (7) oblique white line from the posterior corner of the eye to the arm insertion; (8) white line weakly marked, extending from the tip of the snout, through the canthus rostralis and margin of upper eyelid, to the inguinal region on the dorsolateral fold; (9) annulus of tympanum weakly developed; (10) vocal sac developed, gray with white dots; (11) tarsal tubercle developed; (12) tarsal fold developed; (13) advertisement call composed by one note with 30 to 75 pulses (pulse rate 8 to16 pulses per second); (14) mean value of the dominant frequency 2.56 kHz.

Comparison with other species. Physalaemus feioi sp. nov. is distinguished from P. aguirrei and P. insperatus by the absence of a white line outlining the inferior margin of the mandible and the supratympanic fold (present in those species) and by the presence of an oblique white line from the posterior corner of the eye to the arm insertion (absent in those species). It is distinguished from P. aguirrei by the advertisement call with mean dominant frequency 2.56 kHz (3.1 kHz in P. aguirrei ; Pimenta & Cruz 2004). Additionaly, it is distinguished from P. insperatus by the vocal sac not expanded laterally (expanded laterally in P. i n s p e r a t u s). Physalaemus feioi sp. nov. has smaller body length than P. maximus (SVL 41.1–46.5 mm in males, 42.2–51.5 mm in females of P. maximus ); tarsal tubercle present (absent in P. maximus ); advertisement call composed by 30 to 75 pulsed notes (one multipulsed note in P. maximus ; Baêta et al. 2007); and mean dominant frequency 2.56 kHz (mean dominant frequency 0.73 or 0.76 kHz in P. maximus ; Baêta et al. 2007).

From P. olfersii and P. lateristriga , P. feioi sp. nov. is distinguished by having a concentration of blotches on gular region of females (females with gular region and abdomen presenting scattered blotches uniformly distributed in those species); tarsal tubercle developed (weakly developed in those species); callosities on heel absent (present in those species); and advertisement call with mean dominant frequency 2.56 kHz (1.24 kHz in P. o l f e r s i i and 1.68 kHz in P. lateristriga )

Physalaemus feioi sp. nov. is distinguished from P. orophilus sp. nov. by having larger body length (SVL 21.2–31.2 mm in males, 23.5–31.2 mm in females of P. orophilus sp. nov.); tarsal tubercle present (absent in P. orophilus sp. nov.); advertisement call with pulse emission rate of 8 to 16 pulses per second (16 to 19 pulses per second in P. orophilus sp. nov.); each pulse with 14 to 19 subpulses (8 to 11 subpulses in P. orophilus sp. nov.); and mean dominant frequency 2.56 kHz (3.18 kHz in P. orophilus sp. nov.)

Physalaemus feioi sp. nov. has larger body length than P. soaresi (SVL 17.9–22.8 mm in males, 19.9– 21.52 mm in females of P. s o a re s i), head longer than wide (wider than long in P. s o a re s i); an oblique white line from the posterior corner of the eye to the arm insertion (absent in P. soaresi ); vocal sac developed (vocal sac weakly developed in P. soaresi ); tarsal fold absent (developed in P. soaresi ); advertisement call with mean dominant frequency 2.56 kHz (3.3 kHz in P. soaresi ; Weber et al. 2005).

Description of the holotype. Body moderately robust; head longer than wide; snout sub–elliptical in dorsal view, protruding in lateral profile; nostrils elliptical, not protuberant, located and expanded laterally, closer to the tip of the snout than to the eye; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region oblique, convex; eyes protuberant; annulus of tympanum and supratympanic fold indistinct; parotoid glands developed; presence of a dorsolateral fold starting on the posterior corner of eye, delimiting the dorsal region from the flank, and ending at the anterior margin of the inguinal region; vocal sac subgular, well developed, extending to the chest; choanae small, rounded, well separated from each other; tongue narrow, long, free posteriorlly; maxillary and premaxillary teeth visible; vomerine teeth absent. Arms short, slender; forearms slightly more robust and longer than arms; fingers thin, long, not fringed; fingers length I <II <IV <III; nuptial pad divided in two parts, one covering 2/3 of the inner metacarpal tubercle and other enclosing all the thumb, except the inner side; subarticular tubercles large, single, rounded; outer metacarpal tubercle large, elliptical, covering 1/ 3 of carpal region; inner metacarpal tubercle large, rounded, larger than the outer metacarpal tubercle; supranumerary tubercles present, weakly developed; fingers tip slightly expanded. Legs moderately robust; tibia slightly longer than thigh, the sum of tibia and thigh lengths longer than SVL; tarsal fold absent; toes thin, long, weakly fringed; toes length I <II <III = V <IV; subarticular tubercles medium–sized, single, protruding; inner metatarsal tubercle large, elliptical; outer metatarsal tubercle small, conic, approximately three times smaller than the inner metatarsal tubercle; tarsal tubercle present, small; supernumerary tubercles absent; toes tip slightly expanded. Dorsal surface shagreened and ventral surface smooth.

Color in life. Color pattern gray or brown ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 ); small, irregular shaped, scattered light brown blotches on dorsum; dorsal median line extending on posterior fourth of the dorsum; loreal region dark brown with white dispersed dots; a black stripe under the dorsolateral fold, extending from the postorbital region to the inguinal region; a white line weakly marked on canthus rostralis, border of upper eyelid, and dorsolateral fold; a rectangular dark brown blotch on dorsum of the forearm; transversal brown bars on dorsum of thighs; irregular brown blotch on internal region of tibia, near to the heel; gular region light gray with scattered white dots; few white dots and light gray blotches on the anterior region of the abdomen; posterior region of the abdomen light brown; a dark brown line laterally to the ventral surface of the arms; brown nuptial pads; inguinal gland not distinguished from the color pattern of the dorsum; posterior region of the abdomen and tubercles of palmar and plantar surfaces red.

Color in preservative (70% ethanol). General color pattern maintained in preservative. Dorsal surface with light gray or brown blotch on center; tubercles of plantar and palmar surfaces and abdomen white. Measurements of the holotype (mm). SVL 25.7; HL 9.3; HW 9.2; ED 2.9; UEW 2.0; IOD 3.1; IND 2.5; END 2.2; TL 12.6; SL 12.0; FL 20.0.

FIGURE 20: Physalaemus feioi sp. nov. advertisement call: A—oscilogram, B—audiospectrogram, C—power spectrum, D—oscillogram of a cut of the same call evidencing pulsed structure, and E—oscillogram of a cut of the same call evidencing the subpulsed structure. Specimen MNRJ 49946, holotype, collected at the municipality of Viçosa (20°45'S; 42°51'W), state of Minas Gerais, on 26/X/2007. Air temperature: 21.8°C.

Variation (n = 151). General color pattern vary of brown or gray. Females present larger body size and color pattern of gular region lighter than males. Interorbital white line complete, incomplete or absent. Tarsal tubercle was observed in 85.8% of the analyzed specimens, and the black stripe, well defined to 2/3 of the anterior region of the lateral of the body, from the postorbital region to groin was observed in 73.2% of the analyzed specimens. Few specimens have snout pointed in dorsal view. Most specimens present red belly in life, as well as the subarticular, inner and outer metatarsal and tarsal tubercles; few specimens present these regions cream. Range, mean, and standard deviation of SVL of males and females are in table 4.

Advertisement call. Advertisement calls (n = 110 calls) were obtained from 11 males from the municipality of Viçosa and from the Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, municipality of Araponga, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The advertisement call of P. f e i o i sp. nov. (Fig. 20, table 3) is composed by one note with 30 to 75 pulses (each pulse is composed by 8 – 11 subpulses), non–harmonic structure, with variable frequency modulation (ascendant frequency modulation along the call and descendent frequency modulation at the end of the call); mean duration of 4.30 seconds (SD = 0.66, amplitude = 2.48 to 5.58 seconds); pulse rate ranges from 8 to 16 pulses per second; pulse duration of 40 to 45 miliseconds; each pulse with 14-19 subpulses; mean duration between calls is 3.72 seconds (SD = 2.74, amplitude = 0.78–12.69 seconds); mean value of the dominant frequency 2.56 kHz (SD = 0.075, amplitude = 2.31–2.75 kHz).

Etymology: The specific epithet honors the herpetologist Dr. Renato Neves Feio (Museu de Zoologia João Moojen de Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil), with gratitude for his contributions and efforts to the knowledge of anurans of Minas Gerais and pleasant friendship.

Geographical distribution. Physalaemus feioi sp. nov. is distributed along the Serra da Mantiqueira mountain range on the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo, Brazil ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ).