Dolichocolon, BRAUER & BERGENSTAMM, 1889

Cerretti, Pierfilippo & Shima, Hiroshi, 2011, World revision of Dolichocolon Brauer & Bergenstamm (Diptera: Tachinidae: Exoristinae: Goniini), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (3), pp. 544-584 : 546-550

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00689.x
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A887E7-CC09-FFFA-FC46-834A9987FA95
treatment provided by	Valdenar
scientific name	Dolichocolon
status

Treatment

DOLICHOCOLON BRAUER & BERGENSTAMM, 1889 View in CoL View at ENA

Dolichocolon Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889: 100 (also in 1890: 32) [original description] – type species: Dolichocolon paradoxum Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 by original designation and monotypy.

Eodolichocolon Townsend, 1933: 478 [original description] – type species: Dolichocolon orientale Townsend, 1927: 73 View in CoL by original designation.

References: Mesnil, 1949: 100 (key to genera of Sturmiina); Mesnil, 1950: 109 (taxonomic notes and re-description of D. paradoxum View in CoL ); Crosskey, 1967: 12 (type-species data of Eodolichocolon Townsend ); Mesnil, 1968: 175 (key to species); Crosskey, 1969: 93 (label data of D. orientale View in CoL holotype); Crosskey, 1973: 99 (key to Australian genera); Herting, 1974: 140 (label data of the Dolichocolon paradoxum View in CoL holotype); Mesnil, 1975: 1382 (key to Palaearctic genera of Tritaxysina); Crosskey, 1976: 143, 149 (key to oriental genera), 248 (catalogue of the Oriental species); Crosskey, 1980: 877 (catalogue of the Afrotropical species); Dear & Crosskey, 1982: 152 (key to the tachinids of the Philippines); Herting, 1984 (Palaearctic catalogue): Tschorsnig, 1985: 81–82 (male terminalia); Cantrell, 1988: 143, 161, 163, 203, 206 (male and female terminalia, reproductive habit); Cantrell & Crosskey, 1989: 783 (Australasian catalogue); Chao et al., 1998: 1887 (key to the Goniini View in CoL genera of China), 1890 (illustration of male wing, head and terminalia of Dolichocolon sp. as D. klapperichi View in CoL , misidentification), 1891 (taxonomy and distribution); Tschorsnig & Richter, 1998: 814 (key to the Palaearctic genera, with Kuwanimyia View in CoL in synonymy); Richter, 2004: 189 (key to the genera of the Russian Far East), 267 (short description and distribution data), Cerretti, 2010 (interactive key to the west Palaearctic genera).

Re-description: Head: Large, about as wide as thorax or slightly wider. Frons (measured in lateral view from vertex to base of scape) straight and generally shorter than height of facial ridge. Compound eye varying from bare to covered with long and dense ommatrichia. Both sexes dichoptic. Medial vertical setae strong, reclinate, subparallel. Lateral vertical seta varying from well to slightly differentiated from postocular setae in male; well developed in female. Ocellar seta proclinate, well developed. Fronto-orbital plate with one to two rows of medioclinate setae and few short and weak setulae lateral to frontal row. One reclinate dorsal orbital seta ( Figs 2A View Figure 2 , 3A View Figure 3 , 9A View Figure 9 ). Two proclinate orbital setae in female, none in male. Parafacial entirely bare. Facial ridge straight or slightly convex in lateral view, with a line of strong and erect setae over most of its length ( Figs 2A View Figure 2 , 3A View Figure 3 , 9A View Figure 9 ). Vibrissa arising at level of ventral facial margin. Face and ventral facial margin not visible in lateral view. Postpedicel four to ten times as long as pedicel (usually longer in male). Arista apparently bare, thickened on basal 1/4–2/3. First aristomere as long as wide. Second aristomere three to ten times as long as wide. Antenna about as long as facial ridge or slightly longer (shorter only in some females). Genal dilation well developed. Occiput flat without black setulae behind postocular setae, with only pale hair-like setulae.

Thorax: Postpronotum with four setae, three basals arranged in line. Scutum with three + three acrostichal setae, three + four dorsocentral, one + three intra-alar, two posthumeral, one presutural, three supra-alar setae (first postsutural supra-alar seta longer than notopleural setae); notopleuron with two strong setae plus an additional weak seta close to base of posterior strong seta; postalar callus with three setae. Anatergite bare. Prosternum with at least two strong setae on lateral margin. Proepisternum bare. Katepimeron with only few setulae on anterior 1/4. Three katepisternal setae. Anterior and posterior lappets of metathoracic spiracle unequal in size (posterior lappet operculum-like). Scutellum with one pair of crossed apical setae (standing from horizontal to erect of about 30°), one pair of subapical, and one pair of basal setae; between subapical and basal there are usually several short setulae. Postmetacoxal area membranous.

Legs: Fore tibia with regular rows of anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae, two to four posterior setae. Preapical anterodorsal seta of fore tibia about as long as preapical dorsal seta; fore claws usually shorter than tarsomere 5 (as long as or longer only in D. elegans sp. nov.). Mid tibia with five to seven anterodorsal setae, a row of short posterodorsal setae, two to three posterior setae, one ventral seta. Hind tibia with very regular (comb-like) row of anterodorsal setae (with only one longer seta at midlength) and an irregular (in length and thickness) row of posterodorsal setae, two to four anteroventral setae; posteroventral preapical seta shorter than anteroventral preapical seta. Hind tibia with two dorsal preapical setae.

Wing: Costal spine practically not differentiated from costal setulae. Vein R (radius) 4+5 with a few setulae only at base. Bend of vein M nearly at right angle. CS 4 at most as long as CS (costal section) 6 (usually shorter). Section of M (medius) between crossveins R-M (radialmedial crossvein) and DM-Cu (discal medial-cubital crossvein) clearly longer than section between DM-Cu and bend of M. Section of M between DM-Cu and bend of M shorter than postangular section of M. Cell r (radial cell) 4+5 open at wing margin. Cell dm (discalmedial cell) with a conspicuous part of dorsal surface (from basal to laterodistal) entirely bare, showing only a triangular area covered with microscopic setulae, cell sc (subcostal cell) entirely (or almost entirely) bare ( Fig. 6A View Figure 6 ).

Abdomen: Tergites not fused. Ventral edges of tergites 1 + 2, 3, and 4 almost entirely overlapping the corresponding sternites. Mid-dorsal depression of syntergite 1 + 2 extending posteriorly to hind margin of that segment. Median marginal setae on tergites 1 + 2 and 3 present or absent. Tergites 3 and 4 without median discal setae. Tergite 5 with at least short, irregular discal setae.

Male terminalia: Hind margin of sternite 5 with a deep cleft; lateral lobe large, with two to three long and strong setae along its medial margin (except in D. chiangmaiensis sp. nov.); medio-distal margin of lateral lobe with dense microtrichia; transversal membranous stripe present. Sternite 6 well developed and asymmetrical, articulated to segment 7 + 8 on its left side, and attached to it by a membrane on its right side. Sternite 6 and segment 7 + 8 bare. Tergite 6, strongly reduced and usually divided into two hemitergites, joining segment 7 + 8 by a membrane; tergite 6 and membrane bare. Epandrium convex, varying from short to relatively long. Surstylus well developed, very variable in shape. Cerci distally well apart, sometimes strongly bent posteriorly and finger-like, sometimes only slightly so; dorsal surface of cerci sometimes with a longitudinal carina ( Figs 8B View Figure 8 , 12B, C View Figure 12 ); cerci usually with a more or less developed medial preapical tooth ( Figs 5C View Figure 5 , 6D View Figure 6 , 7E View Figure 7 , 8D View Figure 8 ). Hypandrium without bridge-like sclerite between hypandrial arms. Hypandrial arms long, narrow, and subparallel. Pregonite usually with a row of setae along posterior margin (only one in D. chiangmaiensis sp. nov., Fig. 2F View Figure 2 ), postgonite with sensilla on lateral surface ( Figs 5E View Figure 5 , 7C View Figure 7 , 10D View Figure 10 , 19A View Figure 19 , 22C View Figure 22 ). Bacilliform sclerite (= processus longi) long and narrow ( Fig. 7B View Figure 7 ). Epiphallus not developed. Distiphallus joining basiphallus by a dorsal sclerite and by a ventrolateral membrane. Distiphallus with a welldeveloped and sclerotized dorsal process ( Figs 2F View Figure 2 , 4B View Figure 4 , 5F View Figure 5 , 10E View Figure 10 , 11B View Figure 11 ). Lateroventral surface of distiphallus strongly sclerotized and covered with scale-like spinules ( Figs 2F View Figure 2 , 5E View Figure 5 , 7C View Figure 7 , 10E View Figure 10 ).

Egg: Dark brown, microtype plano-convex, fully embrionated ( Goniini groundplan trait) (cf. Herting, 1960; Wood, 1987; Tachi & Shima, 2010).

Diagnosis: Wing membrane of cells sc and dm without or nearly without microscopic setulae ( Fig. 6A View Figure 6 ). Male cerci often with a medial preapical tooth (sometimes not or very slightly visible). Epiphallus not developed. Distiphallus with a well-developed and sclerotized dorsal process. Hypandrial arms long, or very long, and subparallel. Head large, about as wide as thorax, higher than long. Parafacial entirely bare. Facial ridge with a row of strong setae over most of its length. Legs relatively short and robust.

Distribution: The general distribution has also been outlined on the basis of label data of still unidentified female specimens. Afrotropical: Yemen, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (D. R. Congo), Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa. Australasian: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland), Papua New Guinea. Oriental: China (Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Guangxi, Yunnan), India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Palaearctic: Spain, southern France, Italy (including Sicily), Croatia, Transcaucasia, Israel, Iraq, China (Chongqing, Gansu, Jiangsu, Jilin, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shanxi, Shaanxi), Russian Far East (Ussuria), Japan.