DYNASTINAE

Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. & Mondaca, José, 2021, The Dynastine Scarab Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) of Chile, The Coleopterists Bulletin 75 (2), pp. 279-309 : 284

KEY TO THE ADULT DYNASTINAE OF CHILE

(Male with apex of last abdominal sternite emarginate; female with apex rounded)

1. Mentum strongly expanded, covering bases of labial palpi. Body black, dorso-ventrally flattened. Phileurini ............................................. ................... Archophileurus chaconus (Kolbe)

1′. Mentum narrow, not covering bases of labial palpi. Body variably colored, not dorso-ventrally flattened ......................................... 2

2. Head and pronotum lacking distinct tubercles, horns, carinae, or fovea. Claw with bisetose onychium. Male protarsal claws enlarged in many species, female protarsal claws simple. Tarsomeres cylindrical. Cyclocephalini ........................................... 3

2′. Head and/or pronotum (whether males or females) with distinct tubercles, horns, carinae, or fovea. Claw with onychium bisetose or multisetose. Male protarsal claws enlarged or not. Tarsomeres cylindrical or subtriangular ..................................................................... 4

3. Clypeal apex narrowly parabolic ( Figs. 10– 11 ). Apex of mentum distinctly emarginate, surface at center furrowed in apical third .................... Ancognatha aymara Mondaca

3′. Clypeal apex rounded ( Figs. 14–15 ). Apex of mentum not emarginate or furrowed on apical third .......................................................... .............. Cyclocephala modesta Burmeister

4. Metatarsomeres cylindrical, not triangularly expanded (although basal tarsomere with strong apical spine). Combined length of protibia and protarsus longer in males than in females. Dynastini ..................................... 5

4′. Metatarsomeres (especially 1 st or 2 nd) triangularly expanded. Combined length of protibia and protarsus similar in both sexes. Pentodontini .............................................. 6

5. Color uniform ( Fig. 34 ). Sutural stria an impressed line. Propygidium lacking long, dense setae. Parameres as in Fig. 36 ....………………. Golofa inermis Thomson

5′. Color on pronotum dark or with diffuse, dark markings ( Figs. 38, 41 ). Sutural stria a series of closely spaced punctures. Propygidium with long, dense setae. Parameres as in Fig. 40 ……............… Golofa minutus Sternberg

6. Pronotum with a subapical fovea or shallow depression ( Figs. 23 , 26 ). Tomarus Erichson ..................................................................... 7

6′. Pronotum lacking a subapical fovea or depression ( Fig. 18 ) (in the Chilean species)...... ..............…… Ligyrus villosus (Burmeister)

7. Pronotum with small, round fovea ( Fig. 23 ). Clypeal apex narrowly bidentate. Protibia tridentate. Parameres in caudal view subtriangular with flared apices ( Fig. 24 ) ..………..….… Tomarus maimon Erichson

7′. Pronotum with small (almost obsolete), narrowly elongate fovea ( Fig. 26 ). Clypeal apex subtruncate. Protibia tridentate with basal swelling suggestive of 4 th tooth. Parameres in caudal view extremely long and slender ( Fig. 28 ) …..…… Tomarus rostratus Dupuis

Figures

Figs. 10–13. Ancognatha aymara. 10) Male; 11) Female; 12) Parameres; 13) Distribution.

Figs. 14–17. Cyclocephala modesta. 14) Male; 15) Female; 16) Parameres; 17) Distribution.

Figs. 34–37. Golofa inermis. 34) Lectotype, MNHN-EC-2378; 35) Lectotype labels; 36) Parameres; 37) Distribution. Images in Figs. 34–35 courtesy of Antoine Mantilleri (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France).

Figs. 38–42. Golofa minutus. 38) Male, dorsal view; 39) Male, lateral view; 40) Parameres; 41) Female, dorsal view; 42) Female, lateral view. Photographs by Marcelo Guerrero (Santiago, Chile).

Figs. 23–25. Tomarus maimon. 23) Habitus; 24) Parameres; 25) Distribution.

Figs. 26–29. Tomarus rostratus. 26) Holotype, MNHN-EC-2378-EC4187; 27) Holotype labels; 28) Parameres; 29) Distribution. Images in Figs. 26–27 courtesy ofAntoine Mantilleri (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France).

Figs. 18–21. Ligyrus villosus. 18) Lectotype at MLUH; 19) Lectotype labels; 20) Parameres; 21) Distribution. Images in Figs. 18–19 courtesy of Karla Schneider (Zentralmagazin Naturwissenschaftlicher Sammlungen der Martin- Luther-Universität Halle, Germany).