Hesperinus Walker, 1848

Podenas, Sigitas & Kim, Sun-Jae Park and A Young, 2020, Hesperinidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) a new family from the Korean Peninsula, Journal of Species Research 9 (2), pp. 170-173 : 171

Hesperinus Walker, 1848

Hesperinus Walker, 1848: 81 ; Hardy & Takahashi, 1960: 386, 387; Papp, 2010: 348-350.

Spodius Loew, 1858: 101-108 .

Type species Hesperinus brevifrons Walker, 1848 (origi-

nal designation).

Adult. General: Small to medium-sized flies with body length between 4-12 mm. Body slender, coloration varies from dark brown to black. Head: Antenna long, inserted near the lower margin of the face. Flagellum with 10 flagellomeres, basal flagellomere elongate. Ocelli conspicuous. Eyes widely separated in both sexes. Palpus four-segmented, longer than head. Thorax: Prescutum separated from mesoscutum by transverse suture. Scutellum small, subscutellum indistinct (Papp, 2010). Wing darkened, well developed in males, but females of some species, like H. imbecillus ( Loew, 1858) and H. ninae Papp & Krivosheina, 2010 , have distinctly shortened wings that reach halfway down the second abdominal segment. Halter elongate. Legs long and slender, tibiae with apical bristles or spurs ( Oosterbroek, 2006). Claw simple, without additional spines. Abdomen: long and slender, eight-segmented.

Larva. General: Grayish-white, up to 12 mm long. Body consists of three thoracic and nine abdominal segments. Tracheal system holopneustic ( Krivosheina & Mamaev, 1967; Krivosheina & Krivosheina, 2015). Head: Eucephalic, oval and heavily sclerotized, capsule almost closed ventrally. Frontal plate separated from lateral plates by sutures. Clypeus and labrum fused. Mandible heavily sclerotized, maxilla consists of well-developed lacinia, stypes and cardo. Hypostomal bridge sclerotized, plateshaped. Antenna short, one-segmented. Abdomen: Segments evenly covered with small conical microspinules. Terminal segment without spiracles.

Pupa. General: Grayish-white. Head: Basal segments of both antennal sheaths enlarged and touching each other ( Krivosheina & Mamaev, 1967). Thorax: Pronotal horn short, located on small outgrove. Abdomen: With several dark spots, consists of nine segments covered with short conical microspinules and longitudinal row of paired spines both dorsally and ventrally, with row of separate spines laterally. Segments I- VI similar in length, segments VII- VIII considerably shorter, segments I- VIII similar in width, terminal segment shortest and narrowest of all abdominal segments.