Ancoraphylus, WEIRAUCH, 2007

WEIRAUCH, CHRISTIANE, 2007, Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Polyozus Group of Australian Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), American Museum Novitates 3590, pp. 1-64 : 10-17

Ancoraphylus , new genus figures 1 , 3–8 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 18–20

TYPE SPECIES: Ancoraphylus arctous , new species.

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized among Phylini by the small size, elongate ovoid body, orange, red, and/or cream coloration, mixture of suberect dark and subadpressed, flattened, silvery setae, and characters of the male genitalia, that is, the ornamentation of the pygophore, the shape and armature of the left paramere, absence of a median, apical process on the vesica, and greater length and curva- ture of the process arising close to the secondary gonopore. Among Australian Phylini , similar to Polyozus Eyles and Schuh and Exocarpocoris , n.gen. with respect to characters of the male (e.g., shape of vesica, presence of process arising close to secondary gonopore) and female genitalia (ornamentation of posterior wall and dorsal labiate plate) and the type of vestiture, but distinguished by size, shape, and coloration as well as the characters of the male genitalia enumerated above.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Macropterous, small to medium-sized (2.77–3.57), elongate ovoid.

TABLE 3 Character Matrix

COLORATION ( figs. 1 , 2 ): General coloration either uniformly pale orange, red and orange with cream marks, or cream and orange with red spots and patches, membrane infuscate with pale marks, veins pale. Head: Orange or pale orange, sometimes with base of clypeus infuscate and paired longitudinal stripes on clypeus, maxillary plate, and gena reddish orange or with central spot on mandibular plate, clypeus, antennal fossa, parts of gena and gula cream. Antennal segments pale, first segment sometimes with one or two brown rings, segments 3 and 4 infuscate or weakly so. Labium pale, infuscate toward apex or with apical segment dark brown. Thorax: Pronotum, mesonotum, and scutellum either uniformly pale orange, or anterior lobe of pronotum orange, posterior lobe orange, red, and cream, mesonotum and scutellum mostly orange or red, with tip of scutellum cream. Pleura either uniformly orange or propleuron cream with large central orange spot, mesopleuron mostly orange or orange and cream, metapleuron orange or orange and cream, evaporatorium cream or cream and orange. Legs: Pale orange, tarsi slightly infuscate, small dark spots on pro- and mesofemur limited to distal third or distal half, spots larger on metafemur, extending almost to base of femur or covering entire femur, tibial spines dark, with dark bases. Hemelytra: Orange with pale areas and brown suffusion, largely red with cream areas, or cream with red spots and patches. Abdomen: Venter either uniformly orange or generally cream with lateral orange spots or stripes, pygophore usually orange. SURFACE AND VESTITURE ( fig. 4A ): Dorsum and hemelytra weakly shining, vestiture comprising rather dense cover of dark suberect simple setae and flattened, subadpressed silvery setae with parallel ridges. STRUCTURE: Head: small, broadly triangular in dorsal view, vertex almost twice as wide as eye, anteocular area short and gently sloping in lateral view, clypeus slightly produced. Eyes of moderate size ( fig. 3A ), extending over three-fourths of height of head, weakly emarginate at anterior margin to accommodate antennal fossa, posterolateral margin contiguous with anterolateral margin of pronotum. Antennal fossa adjacent to eye. Antennal segment 1 slender and short, slightly surpassing apex of head, segment 2 of moderate length and slender, diameter nearly uniform over length of segment, segments 3 and 4 slender. Labium slender, apex reaching base of mesocoxa, surpassing base of mesocoxa, or reaching base of metacoxa. Thorax: Pronotum wider than long, anterior margin almost straight, lateral margins gently sloping, posterior margin weakly concave, anterior and posterior lobes and calli on anterior lobe weakly demarcated, scutellum equilateral. Legs: Slender and moderately long. Claws ( fig. 5A ) slender and moderately long, pulvilli extending over little more than basal half of claw, parempodia setiform. Hemelytra: Slightly convex, cuneus triangular or broadly triangular. Abdomen ( fig. 3A ): Ranging from slender to stout, reaching from middle to almost apex of cuneus. GENITALIA: Pygophore ( fig. 6A ): Of moderate size or large, slender or moderately stout, occupying from one-third to almost half of abdomen, with small tubercle or large spine on left side anterior to opening. Parameres: Right paramere ( figs. 6A, B , 7 ) either of moderate size, moderately broad, and lanceolate with straight, acute, short tip or very large and elongate, with apical fourth strongly bent anteriad, posterodistal surface either smooth or with small hook-shaped process; left paramere ( figs. 6A, B , 8 ) large, body elongate rectangular, elongate ovate, or almost triangular in dorsal view, with either lateral margin extended into distinct process or with process on margin of posterior rim anterior process of moderate length, curved in dorsal view or forming right angle with body of paramere, posterior process long and slender or moderately stout, apex truncate, tapering or knob-shaped in lateral view, bent ventrad in lateral view. Phallotheca ( fig. 10 ): Of phyline type, of moderate size, external portion curved and irregular, with or without basal, dorsal process, shallow flanges on the dorsal side, with or without shallow flange with irregular margin on ventral side, opening ventral, ovate. Vesica ( fig. 12 ): J-shaped, of moderate size, with dorsal and ventral apical processes forming anchor-shaped apex; dorsal apical process slender and elongate, with or without elongate triangular process on dorsal surface; ventral apical process long and slender, with or without basal process, connected to ventral sclerotized strap of vesica; secondary gonopore at about midpoint of vesica, facing caudad, with slender process of moderate length arising from proximal margin of secondary gonopore, circular in cross section and often twisted or curled.

Female: Similar to male in coloration, size, and body shape; very limited sexual dimorphism. For details of female genitalia, see figure 14 . All species with posterior wall with fields of spicules and paired posterior processes, and dorsal labiate plate with paired areas with microtrichia.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the anchorshaped vesica, after the Latin noun ‘‘ancor- a(e)’’ (f.) meaning anchor, combined with the generic name Phylus to emphasize its systematic position within Miridae ; masculine.

HOST: The three species of Ancoraphylus , for which host plants are known, occur on species of the genus Acacia ( Fabaceae , Mimosoideae ).

DISCUSSION: Ancoraphylus is set apart from the two other genera in the Polyozus group by the presence of a tubercle or spine on the pygophore, a feature otherwise known in some probably not closely related North American taxa, such as Phymatopsallus Knight. Please refer to discussion of the cladistic analysis for detailed information on other characters.

KEY TO SPECIES OF ANCORAPHYLUS

1. Orange ( fig. 1 ), right paramere very large and elongate ( fig. 7 )......... A. arctous , n.sp.

– Red, red and orange, or cream and red ( fig. 1 ), right paramere large and elongate or of moderate size and lanceolate ( fig. 7 ).... 2

2. Mostly cream with red spots and patches, right paramere large and elongate, left paramere with large erect process on lateral margin ( figs. 1 , 7 , 8 ).......... A. mariala , n.sp.

– Red and orange, right paramere of moderate size and lanceolate, left paramere with or without large erect process on lateral margin ( figs. 1 , 7 , 8 )..................... 3

3. Left paramere with large erect process on lateral margin, pygophore with large spine on pygophore ( fig. 8 )..... A. carolus , n.sp.

– Left paramere without large erect process on lateral margin, pygophore with small tubercle ( fig. 8 )............... A. auski , n. sp.

Ancoraphylus arctous , new species figures 1 , 3–8 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 18–20

HOLOTYPE: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Pilbara Dist., Hillside-Marble Bar Rd , 66.1 km SW of Marble Bar, 21.51928 ° S 119.3805 ° E, 226 m, 29 May 1999, G. Cassis, R. Silveira, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00087358 ) ( WAMP).

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from other species of Ancoraphylus by the uniform pale orange coloration, and characters of the male genitalia, most notably the shape of right and left parameres ( figs. 7 , 8 ), and the vesica with dorsal apical process with elongate triangular process on dorsal surface ( fig. 12 ), ventral apical process with basal process. Shape of elongate and apically bent right paramere only shared with A. mariala .

DESCRIPTION: Male: Macropterous, small, elongate ovoid; total length 2.84–3.17, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.98–2.07, width across pronotum 0.90–1.00. COLORATION ( fig. 1 ): General coloration pale orange, with pale cuneus, membrane dark with pale veins and some clear areas. Head: Head pale orange, fasciae indistinct. Antennal segments pale, segments 3 and 4 infuscate. Labium pale, infuscate toward apex. Thorax: Pronotum, mesonotum, and scutellum pale orange; pleura orange or pale orange. Legs: Small dark spots on fore and middle femora limited to distal third, extending toward base on hindfemur. Hemelytra: Orange or pale orange, cuneus lighter orange with anterior margin with crescent-shaped pale area, distal and posterior margin of embolium suffused with brown, membrane light brown with two white patches on anterior margin of hemelytron distal to apex of cuneus and one mark distal to apex of posterior cell, veins white. Abdomen: Including pygophore uniformly pale orange. STRUCTURE: Head: Labium reaching metacoxa. Thorax: Pronotum wider than long; evaporatory area of metathoracic gland as in figure 3B . Hemelytra: Cuneus broadly triangular. Abdomen: Slender, almost reaching apex of cuneus. GENITALIA: Pygophore: Of moderate size, slender, taking up about one-third of abdomen, with small tubercle on left side anterior to opening of pygophore. Parameres: Right paramere ( figs. 6A, B , 7 ) very large and elongate, with apical fourth strongly bent anteriad, posterodistal surface with small hooklike process; left paramere ( figs. 6A, B , 8 ) large, anterior process of moderate length, curved in dorsal view, posterior process long and slender, truncate in lateral view, strongly bent ventrad in lateral view, paramere body elongate rectangular in dorsal view, with anterolateral corner extend- ed into distinct process. Phallotheca ( fig. 10 ): With basal, dorsal process, and with shallow flange with irregular margin on ventral side. Vesica ( fig. 12 ): Dorsal apical process with elongate, triangular process on dorsal surface; ventral apical process with basal process.

Female: Similar to male in coloration and of about same size, slightly stouter. Total length 2.77–3.11, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.87–2.07, width across pronotum 0.94–1.00. Genitalia ( fig. 14 ): Vestibulum not distinctly sclerotized, sclerotized rings quadrate, small, set far from each other, bursa copulatrix posterior to median oviduct with median fold and paired invaginations beset with small spicules, posterior wall with asymmetrical sclerotizations, with two pairs of processes, posterior pair small and with acute apex, beset with spicules.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for its relatively northern distribution in the Northern Territory and Western Australia, after the Latin adjective ‘‘arctous, -a, um’’, meaning northern.

HOST: Unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Known from two collecting sites in the Pilbara region of Western Australia and southern Northern Territory ( fig. 15 ).

DISCUSSION: Ancoraphylus arctous is set apart from the three other species of the genus Ancoraphylus by the pale orange coloration. In the present analysis it is treated as the sister species of A. mariala ( figs. 18 , 19 ) since the two species share the unusual shape of the right paramere and some structural detail of the vesica ( fig. 7 ).

PARATYPES: AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 15 miles W of Pine Hill , 22.38514 ° S 133.05447 ° E, 18 Feb 1966, J.A. Grant, 73 ( AMNH _ PBI 00173837 – AMNH _ PBI 0017 3843), 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00173844–00173846 ) ( BMNH) . Western Australia: Pilbara Dist., Hillside-Marble Bar Rd , 66.1 km SW of Marble Bar, 21.51928 ° S 119.3805 ° E ,

226 m, 29 May 1999, G. Cassis, R. Silveira, 133 ( AMNH _ PBI 00087550 , AMNH _ PBI 00087678–00087687 , AMNH _ PBI 00088323 , AMNH _ PBI 00088329 ), 14♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00087359 , AMNH _ PBI 00087695–00087700 , AMNH _ PBI 00088339 , AMNH _ PBI 0008 8340, AMNH _ PBI 00088350 , AMNH _ PBI 00088357–00088360 ), 1 immature ( AMNH _ PBI 00087692 ) ( AM) , 43 ( AMNH _ PBI 00087674–00087677 ), 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 000- 87693, AMNH _ PBI 00087694 ) ( AMNH) . 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00088336 ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00088346 ) ( CNC) . 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00088- 328 ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00088345 ) ( USNM) . 153 ( AMNH _ PBI 00087688–00087691 , AM- NH_PBI 00088324–00088327, AMNH _ PBI 00088330 , AMNH _ PBI 00088331 , AMNH _ PBI 00088333–00088335 , AMNH _ PBI 00088- 337 , AMNH _ PBI 00088338 ), 12♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00088341–00088344 , AMNH _ PBI 00088- 347 , AMNH _ PBI 00088348 , AMNH _ PBI 00088351–00088356 ) ( WAMP) . 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00088332 ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00088349 ) ( ZISP) .

Ancoraphylus auski , new species figures 1 , 3–8 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 18–20

HOLOTYPE: AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 184 km E of Stuart Highway on Lasseter Highway, 25.23334 ° S 131.5703 ° E, 510 m, 31 Oct 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Acacia cf. brachystachya Benth. (Fabaceae) NSW 666270, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00098022) ( AM).

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from other species of Ancoraphylus by the mostly red and orange coloration, with this being shared only with A. carolus , and characters of the male genitalia, most notably the shape of right and left parameres, and the vesica without process on the dorsal and ventral apical process. Closest in external appearance and shape of vesica to A. carolus , but distinguished by the small tubercle on the pygophore (large spine in A. carolus ), absence of a large process on the lateral margin of the left paramere (large process in A. carolus ), and slightly smaller size of the vesica in A. auski than in A. carolus .

DESCRIPTION: Male: Macropterous, small, elongate ovoid; total length 2.77–3.57; length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.80–2.23, width across pronotum 0.93–1.09. COLORATION ( fig. 1 ): General coloration red and cream, head pale orange or cream, pronotum orange and cream with large red marks, scutellum red with cream tip, hemelytron red with base, claval suture, and base of cuneus cream, membrane infuscate with pale veins. Head: Pale orange, fasciae indistinct, sometimes with base of clypeus infuscate and paired longitudinal stripes on clypeus, maxillary plate, and gena reddish orange. Antennal segments pale, first segment usually with two brown rings, segments 3 and 4 infuscate. Labium pale, apical segment dark brown. Thorax: Pronotum with anterior lobe pale orange or orange, posterior lobe cream with large submedian orange marks, mesonotum red or orange, scutellum red or orange with cream tip; propleuron cream with large central orange spot, mesopleuron mostly orange, metapleuron orange, evaporatorium cream. Legs: Small dark spots on pro- and mesofemur limited to distal half, spots larger on metafemur, covering entire femur. Hemelytra: Red, with base, costal margin, line along claval suture, proximal and anteri- or part of cuneus cream, membrane light brown with two indistinct pale patches on anterior margin of hemelytron distal to apex of cuneus and one mark distal to apex of posterior cell, veins pale. Abdomen: Including pygophore either uniformly pale orange or cream with lateral reddish orange marks on segments 2–8. STRUCTURE: Head: Labium reaching mesocoxa. Thorax: Pronotum slightly wider than long. Hemelytra: Cuneus triangular. Abdomen: Slender, reaching middle of cuneus. GENITALIA: Pygophore: Large, moderately stout, taking up almost half of abdomen, with small tubercle on left side anterior to opening of pygophore. Parameres: Right paramere ( fig. 7 ) of moderate size, moderately broad, and lanceolate with straight, acute, short tip; left paramere ( fig. 8 ) large, anterior process of moderate length, curved in dorsal view, posterior process long and very slender, strongly bent ventrad in lateral view, paramere body elongate ovate in dorsal view, with process on margin of posterior rim. Phallotheca ( fig. 10 ): Without basal, dorsal process and without shallow flange with irregular margin on ventral side. Vesica ( fig. 12 ): Apical process without elongate triangular process on dorsal surface; ventral apical process without basal process.

Female: Size and coloration similar to male. Total length 2.94–3.26, length apex clypeus– cuneal fracture 1.91–2.14, width across pronotum 0.97–1.13.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the type locality.

HOST (appendix 1): Recorded on Acacia cf. brachystachya Benth. ( Fabaceae , Mimosoideae ).

DISTRIBUTION: Known from the Pilbara region in Western Australia and one locality in the Northern Territory ( fig. 15 ) .

DISCUSSION: In the cladistic analysis ( figs. 18 , 19 ) Ancoraphylus auski has an ambivalent position as either the sister species of the remaining species of Ancoraphylus ( fig. 19 ) or the sister species to A. arctous + A. mariala ( fig. 18 ).

PARATYPES: AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 184 km E of Stuart Highway on Lasseter Highway, 25.23334 ° S 131.5703 ° E, 510 m, 31 Oct 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Acacia cf. brachystachya Benth. (Fabaceae) NSW 666270, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00098026, AMNH_PBI 00139426), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00098027, AMNH_PBI 00098- 030, AMNH_PBI 00098031) (AMNH). Western Australia: Pilbara Dist., 28.3 km S of Auski Roadhouse on the Great Northern Highway, 22.61611 ° S 118.7042 ° E, 700 m, 31 May 1999, G. Cassis, R. Silveira, 43 (AMNH_PBI 00087354, AMNH_PBI 0008- 8379–00088381), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00088384, AMNH_PBI 00088385, AMNH_PBI 0008- 8387) (AM). 43 (AMNH_PBI 00088374–0008- 8377), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00087355, AMNH_ PBI 00088383) (WAMP).

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Pilbara Dist., 28.3 km S of Auski Roadhouse on the Great Northern Highway , 22.61611 ° S 118.7042 ° E, 700 m, 31 May 1999, G. Cassis , R. Silveira, 1 immature ( AMNH _ PBI 00088382 ) (AM).

Ancoraphylus carolus , new species figures 1 , 3–8 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 18–20

HOLOTYPE: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 14.2 km E of Charleville , 26.42171 ° S 146. 3756 ° E, 375 m, 31 Oct 1998, Schuh, Cassis,

Silveira, Acacia aneura var. latifolia F. Muell. ex Benth. (Fabaceae) , det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW 427682, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00088361) ( AM).

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from other species of Ancoraphylus by the mostly red and orange coloration, which is only shared with A. auski , and characters of the male genitalia, most notably the shape of right and left parameres, and the vesica without process on the dorsal and ventral apical process. Closest in external appearance and shape of the vesica to A. auski , but distinguished by the large spine on the pygophore (small tubercle in A. auski ), the large process on the lateral margin of the left paramere (absent in A. auski ), and slightly larger size of the vesica in A. carolus than in A. auski .

DESCRIPTION: Male: Macropterous, small, elongate ovoid; total length 2.79–2.94; length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.78–1.96, width across pronotum 0.88–0.98. COLORATION ( fig. 1 ): General coloration red, orange, and cream, with head and thorax dorsally mostly orange, hemelytron red with base, line along claval suture, and slim crescent-shaped area on cuneal margin cream, membrane slightly infuscate with pale area distal to anterior membrane cell, veins pale. Head: Orange, with central spot on mandibular plate, clypeus, antennal fossa, parts of gena and gula cream. Antennal segments pale, first segment usually with pale brown, subbasal ring, segments 3 and 4 weakly infuscate. Labium pale, infuscate toward apex. Thorax: Pronotum with anterior lobe orange, posteri- or lobe orange, posterior margin with median and lateral cream patches, mesonotum orange, scutellum orange with cream tip; propleuron cream with large central orange spot, mesopleuron orange, metapleuron orange, evaporatorium orange and cream. Legs: Small dark reddish spots on pro- and mesofemur limited to distal half, spots larger on metafemur, extending to almost base of femur. Hemelytra: Red, with base lighter or cream, line along claval suture and proximal, crescent-shaped area of cuneus cream, membrane slightly infuscate, with pale area distal to anterior membrane cell, veins pale. Abdomen: Cream with lateral, transverse, orange stripes, sometimes segment 2 suffused with green, pygophore orange, process slightly darker. STRUCTURE: Head: Labium surpassing base of mesocoxa. Thorax: Pronotum slightly wider than long. Hemelytra: Cuneus broadly triangular. Abdomen: Relatively slender, reaching middle of cuneus. GENITALIA: Pygophore: Relatively large, stout, taking up almost half of abdomen, with large spine on left side anterior to opening of pygophore. Parameres: Right paramere ( fig. 7 ) of moderate size, moderately broad, and lanceolate with straight, acute, short tip; left paramere ( fig. 8 ) large, anterior process short, curved in dorsal view, posterior process long and slender, with knob-shaped apex in lateral view, very strongly bent ventrad in lateral view, paramere body almost triangular in dorsal view, with large erect process on lateral margin. Phallotheca ( fig. 10 ): With basal, dorsal process and without shallow flange with irregular margin on ventral side. Vesica ( fig. 12 ): Apical process without elongate triangular process on dorsal surface; ventral apical process without basal process.

Female: Coloration similar to male, sometimes slightly lighter, of same size as male. Total length 2.69–2.88, length apex clypeus– cuneal fracture 1.69–1.95, width across pronotum 0.88–1.00.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the type locality Charleville, as a Latinized adjective.

HOST (appendix 1): Recorded from Acacia aneura F. Muell. ex Benth. ( Fabaceae , Mimosoideae ).

DISTRIBUTION: Known from one collecting event in central Queensland ( fig. 15 ). Given the wide distribution of its host A. aneura in the interior of Australia (as shown in the AVH database), a wider distribution would also be expected for Ancoraphylus carolus .

DISCUSSION: Ancoraphylus carolus is treated as the sister species to A. arctous and A. mariala in the analysis conducted using Pee- Wee ( fig. 19 ) because of the large basal spine on the phallotheca. Its position is reversed with A. auski in the unweighted analysis, where A. carolus appears a the sister species of the remaining species of Ancoraphylus .

PARATYPES: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 14.2 km E of Charleville , 26.42171 ° S 146. 3756 ° E, 375 m, 31 Oct 1998, Schuh, Cassis ,

Silveira, Acacia aneura var. latifolia F. Muell. ex Benth. (Fabaceae) , det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW 427682, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00087481, AMNH_PBI 00088362), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00088363–00088365) (AM). Acacia aneura var. latifolia F. Muell. ex Benth. (Fabaceae) , det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW 427682, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00087273), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00087274) (AMNH).

Ancoraphylus mariala , new species figures 1 , 3–8 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 18–20

HOLOTYPE: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 143 km WNW of Charleville, Mariala National Park, 25.99111 ° S 145.00138 ° E, 430 m, 01 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Acacia stowardii Maiden (Fabaceae) , det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW 427683, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00130512) ( AM).

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from other species of Ancoraphylus by the predominantly cream coloration with red spots and patches, and characters of the male genitalia, most notably the shape of right and left parameres, and the vesica with dorsal apical process with elongate triangular process on dorsal surface, ventral apical process with basal process.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Macropterous, small, elongate ovoid; total length 2.84–3.17, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.98–2.07, width across pronotum 0.90–1.00. COLORATION ( fig. 1 ): General coloration cream and orange, with red spots and patches, membrane slightly infuscate with pale area distal to anterior membrane cell, veins pale. Head: Orange, with central spot on mandibular plate, clypeus, antennal fossa, parts of gena and gula cream. Antennal segments pale, first segment usually with pale brown, subbasal ring, segments 3 and 4 weakly infuscate. Labium pale, apical segment dark brown. Thorax: Pronotum with anterior lobe orange, posterior lobe patchy cream and red, mesonotum orange with some cream areas, scutellum pale orange with cream tip; propleuron cream with large central dark orange spot, mesopleuron orange and cream dorsal area, metapleuron including evaporatorium orange and cream. Legs: Small dark reddish spots on pro- and mesofemur limited to distal half, spots larger on metafemur, extending to almost base of femur. Hemelytra: Cream, with irregular red spots and patches, denser on exocorium adjacent to claval suture than elsewhere, cuneus cream with large, red central spot, membrane slightly infuscate, with pale area distal to anterior membrane cell, veins pale. Abdomen: With segments 2–8 cream with lateral orange patches, pygophore orange. STRUCTURE: Head: Labium reaching metacoxa. Thorax: Pronotum wider than long. Hemelytra: Cuneus triangular. Abdomen: Stout, reaching middle of cuneus. GENITALIA: Pygophore: Large, stout, occupying almost half of abdomen, with small tubercle on left side anterior to opening. Parameres: Right paramere ( fig. 7 ) very large and elongate, with apical fourth strongly bent anteriad, posterodistal surface smooth; left paramere ( fig. 8 ) large, anterior process short, almost at right angle to body of paramere in dorsal view, posterior process relatively long and moderately stout, with truncate apex in lateral view, bent ventrad in lateral view, paramere body elongate rectangular in dorsal view, with large erect process on lateral margin. Phallotheca ( fig. 10 ): With basal, dorsal process and with shallow flange with irregular margin on ventral side. Vesica ( fig. 12 ): Dorsal apical process with elongate triangular process on dorsal surface; ventral apical process with basal process.

Female: Size and coloration similar to male. Total length 2.77–3.11, length apex clypeus– cuneal fracture 1.87–2.07, width across pronotum 0.94–1.00.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the type locality.

HOST (appendix 1): This species was recorded from Acacia s towardii Maiden ( Fabaceae , Mimosoideae ).

DISTRIBUTION: Known from two localities in central Queensland, Australia ( fig. 15 ) .

DISCUSSION: Ancoraphylus mariala is here treated as the sister species of A. arctous , due to, among other characters, the structure of the greatly enlarged right paramere.

PARATYPES: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 143 km WNW of Charleville, Mariala National Park, 25.99111 ° S 145.00138 ° E, 430 m, 01 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Acacia stowardii Maiden (Fabaceae) , det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW 427683, 43 (AMNH_PBI 00087125, AMNH_PBI 00088366–00088368), 6♀ (AMNH_PBI 00087126, AMNH_PBI 00088369–00088373) (AM). Acacia stowardii Maiden (Fabaceae) , det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW 427683, 53 (AMNH_PBI 00130513– 00130517), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00130518– 00130520) (AMNH). 146 km NW of Quilpie, 25.8587 ° S 143.3993 ° E, 230 m, 03 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Acacia stowardii Maiden (Fabaceae) , det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW 427684, 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00130221, AMNH_PBI 00130222) (AMNH).

Figures

Fig. 1. Habitus photographs of Ancoraphylus spp., Exocarpocoris spp., and Polyozus pp.

Fig. 3. Habitus in lateral view and evaporatorium of A, B, Ancoraphylus arctous (AMNH_PBI 00087680); C, D, Exocarpocoris tantulus (AMNH_PBI 00135796); E, F, Polyozus kojonup (AMNH_PBI 00136470).

Fig. 4. Setae comprising hemelytral vestiture. A, Ancoraphylus arctous (AMNH_PBI 00087680); B, Exocarpocoris tantulus (AMNH_PBI 00135796); C, Polyozus bulita (AMNH_PBI 00168436); D, P. furcilla (AMNH_PBI 00099437); E, P. galbanus (AMNH_PBI 00139062); F, P. kojonup (AMNH_PBI 00136470). Scale bar: 50 mm.

Fig. 5. Pretarsus. A, Ancoraphylus arctous (AMNH_PBI 00087680); B, Exocarpocoris tantulus (AMNH_PBI 00135796); C, Polyozus bulita (AMNH_PBI 00168436); D, P. furcilla (AMNH_PBI 00099437); E, P. galbanus (AMNH_PBI 00139062); F, P. kojonup (AMNH_PBI 00136470). Scale bar: 50 mm.

Fig. 6. Male genitalic structures of A, B, Ancoraphylus arctous; C–E, Exocarpocoris tantulus, and F, G, Polyozus kojonup. Scanning micrographs, scale bar measurements in mm. A, C, F, pygophore in dorsolateral view, B, D, G, detail of parameres and phallotheca, E, ventral surface of left paramere.

Fig. 7. Right parameres of species of Ancoraphylus, Exocarpocoris, and Polyozus.

Fig. 8. Left paramere of species of Ancoraphylus and Exocarpocoris, shown in dorsal and lateral view. Numbers on illustrations refer to characters and character states in table 2.

Fig. 10. Phallotheca of species of Ancoraphylus and Exocarpocoris, in dorsal and ventral perspective. Numbers on illustrations refer to characters and character states in table 2.

Fig. 12. Vesica of species of Ancoraphylus, Exocarpocoris, and Polyozus.

Fig. 14. Female genitalic structures in Ancoraphylus, Exocarpocoris, and Polyozus, comprising bursa copulatrix in dorsal view and posterior wall in ventral view.

Fig. 15. Distribution of species of Ancoraphylus.

Fig. 18. Phylogenetic relationships of the 16 species of the Polyozus group: The strict consensus of the eight equally most parsimonious trees (L 5 91; CI 5 67; RI 5 83) derived from the character matrix in table 3. Solid circles on the branches indicate uniquely derived apomorphic character states; empty circles indicate homoplastic characters under unambiguous character optimization. Figures above the bars indicate number of character as shown in table 2 and appendix 1; figures below bars indicate the character state. Large figures in shaded circles denominate clades. Branch support values (Bremer support) are given above branches in square boxes.

Fig. 19. Strict consensus of the two most parsimonious trees obtained with the analysis using implied weights. Characters and clades are shown as explained in figure 18.

Fig. 20. Fast optimization of host plants of Phylini of the Polyozus group on the strict consensus of the unweighted analysis.

Fig. 2. Habitus photographs of Polyozus spp.