Alicia beebei Carlgren, 1940

Barragán, Yamaly, Sánchez, Carlos & Rodríguez, Estefanía, 2019, First inventory of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from La Paz Bay, southern Gulf of California (Mexico), Zootaxa 4559 (3), pp. 501-549 : 536-540

Alicia beebei Carlgren, 1940

( FIgS. 2 , 21–23 , TAble 9)

Alicia beebei Carlgren, 1940

Material eXamined. (See TAble 2).

Description. EXTeRNAl ANATOmY ( FIg. 21 ): Well deVelOped pedAl dISC, OVOId, TO 45 mm dIAmeTeR IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS. COlUmN CYlINdRICAl, elONgATe, TO 42 mm heIghT ANd TO 25 mm dIAmeTeR IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS. COlUmN dIVISIble INTO SCApUS ANd CApITUlUm. SCApUS WITh SImple OR COmpOUNd, WITh OR WIThOUT pedUNCUlATed VeSICleS WITh p -mASTIgOphOReS C. NO fOSSe. FUllY eXpANded ORAl dISC ANd TeNTACleS TO 135 mm dIAmeTeR, ORAl dISC TO 25 mm dIAmeTeR IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS. Up TO 96 TeNTACleS, heXAmeROUSlY ARRANged IN fIVe CYCleS, TO 70 mm leNgTh IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS; lONg, STICkY, NOT SmOOTh, deNSelY COVeRed WITh SmAll ROUNded pROTUbeRANCeS, TIpS TeNd TO CURl. INNeR TeNTACleS lONgeR ThAN OUTeR ONeS. MeSeNTeRIAl INSeRTIONS VISIble IN pedAl dISC, COlUmN ANd ORAl dISC.

INTeRNAl ANATOmY ANd mICROANATOmY ( FIg. 22 ): MeSeNTeRIeS heXAmeROUSlY ARRANged IN fOUR CYCleS: fIRST CYCle peRfeCT ANd STeRIle; OTheRS ImpeRfeCT. SeCONd ANd ThIRd CYCleS feRTIle. GONOChORIC, OOCYTeS 0.06–0.08 mm IN dIAmeTeR IN SpeCImeNS COlleCTed IN AUgUST. MORe meSeNTeRIeS dISTAllY ThAN pROXImAllY. WIThOUT ACONTIA. TWO SIphONOglYphS ATTAChed TO TWO pAIR Of dIReCTIVe meSeNTeRIeS. ReTRACTOR mUSCleS VeRY WeAk ANd ReSTRICTed, OCCUpYINg ONlY A ThIRd IN leNgTh Of meSeNTeRIeS. PARIeTObASIlAR mUSCleS pOORlY deVelOped, VeRY WeAk. BASIlAR mUSCleS pOORlY deVelOped, WITh VeRY ShORT meSOgleAl pROCeSSeS. NO mARgINAl SphINCTeR mUSCle. LONgITUdINAl mUSCleS Of TeNTACleS ANd ORAl dISC eCTOdeRmAl. ECTOdeRmAl lONgITUdINAl mUSCleS IN dISTAl COlUmN. ZOOXANThellAe pReSeNT.

COlOR ( FIg. 21 ): IN lIVINg SpeCImeNS, pedAl dISC lIghT ORANge. COlUmN TRANSlUCeNT ORANge. VeSICleS ORANge, Red OR beIge WITh blACk OR bROWN edgeS. ORAl dISC TRANSlUCeNT YellOW, ORANge OR Red. MOUTh WhITe. TeNTACleS TRANSlUCeNT ORANge WITh dARk ORANge bASe.

CNIdOm ( FIg. 23 ): BASITRIChS, p -mASTIgOphOReS B1 ANd B2A, p -mASTIgOphOReS C ANd SpIROCYSTS. See TAble 9 fOR SIZe ANd dISTRIbUTION.

Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Alicia beebei IS fOUNd ONlY IN The GUlf Of CAlIfORNIA; IT hAS beeN RepORTed IN BAjO AReNAS NeAR CAbO PUlmO ( CARlgReN 1951), ESpIRITU SANTO ISlANd, SANTA CRUZ ISlANd, SAN MARCOS ISlANd, SAN FRANCISqUITO, SAN PedRO MARTIR ISlANd, SAN LOReNZO ISlANd ( CROWTheR 2013) ANd PUeRTO ESCONdIdO ( CARlgReN 1940, 1951). CROWTheR (2013) WAS lIkelY CONfUSed WheN She meNTIONed The SpeCIeS TO be pReSeNT IN The GUlf Of MeXICO INSTeAd Of The GUlf Of CAlIfORNIA. ThIS SpeCIeS IS CONSIdeRed eNdemIC fOR The GUlf Of CAlIfORNIA. IT hAS beeN RepORTed fROm INTeRTIdAl pOOlS TO 64 meTeRS ( CARlgReN 1951; CROWTheR 2013). ThIS IS The fIRST ReCORd IN SAN RAfAelITO ANd ROCA SWANY, AT 15 ANd 20 meTeRS, ReSpeCTIVelY.

Remarks. Of All SIX deSCRIbed SpeCIeS Of Alicia ACCORdINg TO DAlY & FAUTIN (2018), CROWTheR (2013) CONSIdeRed fIVe AS VAlId AfTeR heR ReVISION Of The geNUS. Alicia beebei IS The ONlY SpeCIeS RepORTed IN The EASTeRN PACIfIC, SpeCIfICAllY IN The GUlf Of CAlIfORNIA. We fOUNd SlIghT dIffeReNCeS IN The SIZe RANgeS Of The CNIdAe beTWeeN The STUdIed mATeRIAl ANd ThAT deSCRIbed bY CROWTheR (2013). We fOUNd ONe AddITIONAl CATegORY Of bASITRIChS IN The ORAl dISC (AbSeNT IN CROWTheR 2013) ANd The SIZe RANgeS Of The p -mASTIgOphOReS B2A Of The ORAl dISC, VeSICleS, ACTINOphARYNX ANd fIlAmeNTS ARe ShORTeR ThAN ThOSe deSCRIbed bY CROWTheR (2013) (See TAble 9). All OTheR feATUReS AgRee Well WITh The deSCRIpTIONS Of A. beebei bY CARlgReN ( 1950, 1951) ANd CROWTheR (2013). We pROVIde heRe fOR The fIRST-TIme ImAgeS Of hISTOlOgICAl deTAIlS fROm The mUSCleS ANd gAmeTOgeNeTIC TISSUe Of The SpeCIeS. IN LA PAZ BAY, A. beebei IS ONe Of The lARgeST SpeCIeS Of ANemONe ANd ITS STINg IS The mOST pOTeNT TO hUmANS; SpeCImeNS deTACh eASIlY fROm The SUbSTRATe AfTeR dISTURbANCe. DURINg The dAY, The ORAl dISC RemAINS CONTRACTed ANd The VeSICleS eXpANd, ANd dURINg The NIghT, The COlUmN ANd TeNTACleS eXpANd.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Living specimens of A) Anthopleura dowii. B) Bunodosoma californicum. C) Bunodosoma grande. D) Isoaulactinia hespervolita. E) Phymactis papillosa. F) Phialoba steinbecki. G) Alicia beebei. H) Calliactis polypus.

FIGURE 21. External anatomy of Alicia beebei Carlgren, 1940. A) Lateral view of preserved specimen. B) Oral view of living specimen. C) Oral view of living specimen showing vesicles. D–E) Detail of lateral view of living specimen showing simple and compound vesicles, respectively. F) Detail of the tentacle showing small rounded protuberances. Capitulum (C), Scapus (S), Vesicle (V). Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIGURE 22. Internal anatomy of Alicia beebei Carlgren, 1940. A) Longitudinal section of the distal column. B) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (cycles marked by numbers). C) Cross section of column showing gametogenic tissue. D) Cross section through a tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature. E) Detail of a cross section of the column showing compound vesicle and cnidae. F) Detail of a cross section of column showing parietobasilar muscles. G) Longitudinal section of proximal end showing basilar muscles. H) Detail of a cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. Basilar muscles (Ba), Capitulum (C), Cnidae (Cn), Ectoderm (Ec), Endoderm (En), Mesoglea (Me), Oral disc (Od), Parietal muscles (Pa), Retractor muscles (Re), Siphonoglyphs (arrows), Vesicle (V), Tentacle (Te). Scale bars: A, C–H, 0.1 mm; B, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 23. Cnidae of anatomy of Alicia beebei Carlgren, 1940. A, F, J) Basitrichs. K) p-mastigophore C. D, E, H, I, L, M, N, O, Q) p-mastigophores B2. P) p-mastigophore B1. B, C, G) Spirocysts.