Bunodosoma californicum Carlgren, 1951

Barragán, Yamaly, Sánchez, Carlos & Rodríguez, Estefanía, 2019, First inventory of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from La Paz Bay, southern Gulf of California (Mexico), Zootaxa 4559 (3), pp. 501-549 : 512-515

Bunodosoma californicum Carlgren, 1951

( FIgS. 2 , 6–8 , TAble 4)

Bunodosoma californica Carlgren, 1949 (nomen nudum)

Bunodosoma californica Carlgren, 1951

Bunodosoma californicum Carlgren, 1951 : Fautin 2013 (spelling amended)

Material eXamined. (See TAble 2).

Description. EXTeRNAl ANATOmY ( FIg. 6 ): Well deVelOped pedAl dISC, TO 13 mm dIAmeTeR IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS. COlUmN CYlINdRICAl, TO 11 mm heIghT ANd TO 10 mm dIAmeTeR IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS, WITh lONgITUdINAl ROWS Of VeSICleS fROm dISTAl mARgIN TO pedAl dISC; dISTAl VeSICleS COmpOUNd. EACh eNdOCOelIC mARgINAl pROjeCTION WITh AN ACRORhAgUS WITh hOlOTRIChS. FOSSe. FUllY eXpANded ORAl dISC ANd TeNTACleS TO 20 mm dIAmeTeR, ORAl dISC TO 13 mm dIAmeTeR IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS. Up TO 108 TeNTACleS, heXAmeROUSlY ARRANged IN SIX CYCleS, TO SIX mm leNgTh IN pReSeRVed SpeCImeNS, SImple, STICkY, SmOOTh, All Of SImIlAR leNgTh. MeSeNTeRIAl INSeRTIONS VISIble IN pedAl dISC ANd ORAl dISC.

INTeRNAl ANATOmY ANd mICROANATOmY ( FIg. 7 ): MeSeNTeRIeS heXAmeROUSlY ARRANged IN fIVe CYCleS: fIRST TO fOURTh CYCleS peRfeCT; fIfTh CYCle ImpeRfeCT. All ObSeRVed SpeCImeNS STeRIle. NO dIReCTIVe meSeNTeRIeS. FOUR SIphONOglYphS ATTAChed TO NON-dIReCTIVe meSeNTeRIeS. SAme NUmbeR Of meSeNTeRIeS dISTAllY ANd pROXImAllY. ReTRACTOR mUSCleS STRONg ANd ReSTRICTed, OCCUpYINg OVeR hAlf-leNgTh Of meSeNTeRIeS. PARIeTObASIlAR mUSCleS WITh WeAk ANd ThIN fRee meSOgleAl lAmellA. BASIlAR mUSCleS Well deVelOped, WITh ShORT ANd ThIN meSOgleAl pROCeSSeS. MARgINAl SphINCTeR mUSCle CIRCUmSCRIbed. LONgITUdINAl mUSCleS Of TeNTACleS ANd ORAl dISC eCTOdeRmAl. MARgINAl STOmA.

COlOR ( FIg. 6 ): IN lIVINg SpeCImeNS, pedAl dISC ORANge. COlUmN gReeNISh bROWN. DISTAl VeSICleS YellOWISh, pROXImAl VeSICleS ORANge. ACRORhAgI YellOW. ORAl dISC OlIVe OR bROWN WITh WhITISh RAdIAl lINeS. TeNTACleS OlIVe, pURple AT TIpS, WITh beIge SpOTS IN ORAl SIde.

CNIdOm ( FIg. 8 ): BASITRIChS, hOlOTRIChS, b -mASTIgOphOReS, p -mASTIgOphOReS A ANd B1, ANd SpIROCYSTS. See TAble 4 fOR SIZe ANd dISTRIbUTION.

Geographic and bathymetric distribution. Bunodosoma californicum IS fOUNd IN El SAlVAdOR, COSTA RICA ANd MeXICO ( CARlgReN 1951; DAlY 2004; QUeSAdA et al. 2015). IN MeXICO, IT IS RepORTed ONlY IN The PACIfIC, IN BAjA CAlIfORNIA, CeRRITOS, ESpIRITU SANTO ISlANd (PUNTA LObOS), PUeRTO ESCONdIdO, LOS ANgeleS BAY, TIbURON ISlANd ANd PUeRTO PeñASCO ( CARlgReN 1951; MCCOmmAS 1991; DAlY 2004). DAlY (2004) COlleCTed IT IN The INTeRTIdAl. ThIS IS The fIRST TIme RepORTed IN TeCOlOTe, BAlANdRA (HONgO), PUNTA COYOTe (NORTh 1 ANd NORTh 2). AddITIONAllY, We ObSeRVed IT IN ESpIRITU SANTO ISlANd (El GAllO), IN The INTeRTIdAl ZONe beTWeeN 0–5 meTeRS.

Remarks. Of The CURReNTlY 14 VAlId SpeCIeS Of Bunodosoma ACCORdINg TO DAlY & FAUTIN (2018), TWO ARe RepORTed IN The PACIfIC, B. californicum ANd B. grande , bOTh Of WhICh ARe fOUNd IN The MeXICAN PACIfIC (FAUTIN 2013). The STUdIed mATeRIAl AgReeS Well WITh The deSCRIpTIONS fROm CARlgReN (1951) ANd DAlY (2004) Of B. californicum . HOWeVeR, We ObSeRVed SlIghT dIffeReNCeS WITh The mATeRIAl deSCRIbed bY DAlY (2004) ThAT We ATTRIbUTe TO INTeRSpeCIfIC VARIATION. The COlUmN IS gReeNISh bROWN ANd VeSICleS ARe ORANge (OR YellOW IN The CASe Of The dISTAl ONeS) IN OUR SpeCImeNS (See FIg. 6B ) WheReAS The COlUmN ANd VeSICleS ARe ReddISh bROWN TO pINk IN The mATeRIAl fROm DAlY (2004). IN AddITION, DAlY (2004) RepORTed feRTIle SpeCImeNS WheReAS OUR SpeCImeNS ARe STeRIle ANd hAVe fOUR SIphONOglYphS ATTAChed TO NON-dIReCTIVeS. AlThOUgh hAVINg mORe ThAN TWO SIphONOglYphS IS AN UNCOmmON CONdITION IN ThIS geNUS (See HäUSSeRmANN 2004), CARlgReN (1951) fOUNd SpeCImeNS WITh TWO, ThRee ANd SIX SIphONOglYphS; ThIS IS pRObAblY dUe TO The SpeCIeS RepROdUCINg ASeXUAllY ( STepheNSON 1928). The SIZe RANgeS Of The CNIdAe fOUNd IN OUR mATeRIAl AlSO AgReeS Well WITh ThAT Of pReVIOUS deSCRIpTIONS ( TAble 4). We CONSIdeRed The CATegORY Of bASITRIChS WITh The lARgeST SIZe IN The fIlAmeNTS pROVIded bY CARlgReN (1951) TO be b -mASTIgOphOReS (See TAble 4). IN AddITION, We RepORT The pReSeNCe Of p -mASTIgOphOReS B1 IN The fIlAmeNTS (NAmed AS mICRObASIC p - mASTIgOphOReS bY pReVIOUS AUThORS STUdYINg ThIS SpeCIeS). QUeSAdA et al. (2015) RepORTed B. californicum Off The PACIfIC COAST Of COSTA RICA. TheSe AUThORS ONlY pROVIde dATA Of The SIZe RANgeS Of The CNIdAe, WhICh mOSTlY AgReed WITh ThOSe Of DAlY (2004) ANd OUR STUdY. TheY meNTIONed AN AddITIONAl ShORTeR SIZe RANge Of bASITRIChS IN The TeNTACleS ANd dISTINgUIShed ThRee SIZe RANgeS Of bASITRIChS IN The COlUmN. DAlY (2004) ANd ThIS STUdY ReCOgNIZed ONlY TWO SIZe RANgeS Of bASITRIChS IN The COlUmN ANd ONe SIZe RANge IN The TeNTACleS, WhICh OVeRlAp IN SIZe RANgeS WITh ThOSe Of QUeSAdA et al. (2015, TAble 1). We IllUSTRATe The eCTOdeRmAl lONgITUdINAl mUSCle Of The TeNTACleS fOR The fIRST TIme fOR ThIS SpeCIeS ( FIg. 7E ). IN LA PAZ BAY, B. californicum IS ONe Of The mOST AbUNdANT ANd CONSpICUOUS SpeCIeS Of The ROCkY ShORe. IT IS fOUNd ATTAChed TO ROCkS ANd beTWeeN CReVICeS.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Living specimens of A) Anthopleura dowii. B) Bunodosoma californicum. C) Bunodosoma grande. D) Isoaulactinia hespervolita. E) Phymactis papillosa. F) Phialoba steinbecki. G) Alicia beebei. H) Calliactis polypus.

FIGURE 6. External anatomy of Bunodosoma californicum Carlgren, 1951. A–B) Lateral view of preserved and living specimen, respectively. C) Detail of acrorhagi. D) Oral view of living specimen. E) Detail of distal column. Acrorhagi (Ac), Oral disc (Od), Pedal disc (Pd), Vesicle (V). Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIGURE 7. Internal anatomy of Bunodosoma californicum Carlgren, 1951. A) Longitudinal section of the distal column. B) Cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the cycles of mesenteries (cycles marked by numbers). C) Detail of a longitudinal section of the column showing acrorhagi. D) Longitudinal section of proximal end showing basilar muscles. E) Cross section through a tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature. F) Detail of a cross section of the column at the level of the actinopharynx showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. Acrorhagi (Ac), Basilar muscles (Ba), Ectoderm (Ec), Endoderm (En), Fosse (Fo), Marginal projections (Mp), Mesoglea (Me), Parietobasilar muscles (Pa), Retractor muscles (Re), Siphonoglyphs (arrows), Sphincter (Sp), Vesicle (V). Scale bars: A, C–F, 0.1 mm; B, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 8. Cnidae of Bunodosoma californicum. A, D, E, F, G, I, J) Basitrichs. C) Holotrichs. K) b-mastigophore. H, L) p- mastigophores A. M) p-mastigophore B1. B) Spirocyst.