Sobarocephala Czerny

Sasakawa, Mitsuhiro, 2011, Oriental species of clusiid flies (Diptera: Clusiidae: Clusiinae), Zootaxa 3038, pp. 1-28 : 6

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.205904

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3508628

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787A1-FFC1-FFA8-FF5E-FE02ED5B1F33

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Sobarocephala Czerny
status

 

Genus Sobarocephala Czerny View in CoL View at ENA

Sobarocephala Czerny, 1903: 85 View in CoL . Type species, Sobarocephala ruebsaameni Czerny, 1903 View in CoL , fixed by original designation. Sobarocephaloides Soós, 1964 : Lonsdale and Marshall, 2006: 165.

Diagnosis. This genus belongs to the subfamily Clusiinae , and has the following diagnostic characters: oc and poc present; occiput flat to shallowly concave; arista densely to sparsely plumose; dc two or three, prsc rarely present; sc variable in number; mid tibia always with dp, rarely fore tibia with short one; crossvein bm-cu either absent or present but incomplete at base, M1 ratio 2.5–4.5, ultimate section of CuA1 1/2–2/3 as long as penultimate section; surstylus varying in shape, usually large, lobate, sparsely spinose along anterior ventroapical margin on inner side; paraphallus usually with minute spinules.

Remarks. This is a predomionantly Neotropical genus, as stated by Hennig (1938), but it is also known to occur almost throughout the world except for Europe. In the Oriental region, two species, Sobarocephala nepalensis and S. vockerothi , have been recorded.

The Clusiidae View in CoL have traditionally been divided into two subfamilies that were originally outlined by Frey (1960), the Clusiinae View in CoL and Clusiodinae View in CoL ( Soós 1964; Sasakawa 1998). Lonsdale and Marshall (2006) designated a new subfamily, Sobarocephallinae, including the three genera Sobarocephala View in CoL , Chaetoclusia Coquillett, 1904 View in CoL , and Procerosoma Lonsdale and Marshall, 2006 View in CoL , on the basis of the wing venation (M1 ratio 3.0 or more, cell bm confluent with cell dm), thoracic and leg chaetotaxies (prs and fb absent, fore femur entirely setulose), male genitalic characters (surstylus large, hypandrial ventral lobe as long as hypandrial arm, pregonite small), and loss of the sixth spiracle. Also, they transferred two genera, Heteromeringia Czerny, 1903 View in CoL and Tranomeringia Sasakawa, 1966 View in CoL , from the Clusiinae View in CoL to the Clusiodinae View in CoL . Sobarocephala View in CoL is here retained in the Clusiinae View in CoL , following Hennig (1938), McAlpine (1960), Soós (1964) and Sasakawa (1998), treating the inclinate third (lowermost) or as homologous to that found in Heteromeringia View in CoL .

In the Oriental species of Sobarocephala View in CoL here examined, the M1 ratio is 2.7–4.5, prs is absent, the hypandrial ventral lobe is almost as long as the hypandrial arm, and the pregonite is small. However, cells bm and dm are separated by crossvein bm-cu in all species, although this crossvein is slightly broken just before reaching the medial vein. Furthermore, refuting the subfamilial definition of the Sobarocephalinae cited above, the fore femora of three new species, S. baculigera View in CoL , S. fuscifacies View in CoL , and S. megastylis View in CoL , have several fb (usually three on the dorsodistal part and two on the posterodorsal) as seen in many species of Clusiinae View in CoL (an entirely setulose femur is an additional character purportedly defining the Sobarocephalinae); also, while the surstyli of S. baculigera View in CoL , S. eurystylis View in CoL sp. nov., S. megastylis View in CoL , and S. vockerothi View in CoL are large (about 0.7 as long as the epandrium), those of S. fuscifacies View in CoL and S. geniculata View in CoL sp. nov. are narrowly projecting, as seen in species of Heteromeringia ( Sasakawa 1966) View in CoL .

A high M1 ratio of 4.0 to 8.5 (mostly around 5.5) is found in the Oriental, Australasian/Oceanian, and Afrotropical species of Heteromeringia View in CoL ( Sasakawa 1966, Stuckenberg 1973), agreeing with Sobarocephala View in CoL in the diagnostic character given by Lonsdale and Marshall (2006). In the species of the genera C lusia Haliday, 1838 and Phylloclusia View in CoL , the hypandrial ventral lobe is almost as long as the hypandrial arm ( Sasakawa 1965: fig. 4, as Paraclusia omogensis View in CoL ). Moreover, in Sobarocephala zuluensis Stuckenberg, 1973 View in CoL , the sixth spiracle is present between the sixth and seventh sternites ( Stuckenberg 1973: fig. 6). Therefore, no clear-cut distinction can be found between Clusiinae View in CoL and Sobarocephalinae.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Diptera

Family

Clusiidae

SubFamily

Clusiinae

Loc

Sobarocephala Czerny

Sasakawa, Mitsuhiro 2011
2011
Loc

Sobarocephala

Lonsdale 2006: 165
Czerny 1903: 85
1903
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