Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825 ) Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau, 2023

Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr & Landau, Bernard, 2023, A revision and nomenclator of the Cainozoic mudwhelks (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Batillariidae, Potamididae) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia), Zootaxa 5272 (1), pp. 1-241 : 144-153

Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825) nov. comb.

Figs 29D–F, 30A–N, 32F 1 –F 2

* C [erithium]. pictum Nob. —de Basterot 1825: 57, pl. 3, fig. 6.

C [erithium]. mitrale m.— Eichwald 1830: 224.

C [erithium]. laevigatum m.— Eichwald 1830: 224 [non de Serres, 1827].

Cerithium pulchellum Sowerby —J. de C. Sowerby 1832: 420, pl. 39, fig. 10.

[ Cerithium ] lineolatum Sowerby —J. de C. Sowerby 1832: 420, pl. 39, fig. 11.

Cerithium turritella — Deshayes 1835: 322.

C [erithium]. pictum Bast. — Pusch 1836: 528.

Cerithium pictum Bast. — Pusch 1837: 148.

[ Cerithium ] pictum Bast. — Hauer 1837: 419.

[ Cerithium ] pictum Bast. — Ĥrnes 1848: 21.

Cerithium mitrale m.— Eichwald 1851: 87, pl. 7, figs 10a–c.

[ Cerithium mitrale m.] var. trizonata — Eichwald 1851: 87, pl. 7, fig. 10.

Cerithium mitrale m. var. trijuga — Eichwald 1851: 87, pl. 7, fig. 11.

[ Cerithium mitrale m.] var. mitreola — Eichwald 1851: 88, pl. 7, fig. 13.

Cerithium mitrale m. var. bijuga — Eichwald 1851: 87, pl. 7, fig. 14.

Cerithium mitrale m. var. bizonata — Eichwald 1851: 87, pl. 7, fig. 15.

Cerith [ium]. nympha m.— Eichwald 1851: 88, pl. 7, fig. 18.

Cerithium mitrale — Eichwald 1852: 2, pl. 7, figs 10a–c.

Cerithium trijugum — Eichwald 1852: 2, pl. 7, figs 11a – c.

[ Cerithium bicostatum ] la même en variété — Eichwald 1852: 2, pl. 7, fig. 13.

Cerithium mitrale m. var. bijuga — Eichwald 1852: 2, pl. 7, figs 14a – c.

Cerithium nympha — Eichwald 1852: 2, pl. 7, figs 18a–c.

Cerithium bicinctum — Eichwald 1852: 2, pl. 7, figs 15a–c [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

Cerithium pictum — Naumann 1852: plate captions, pl. 69, fig. 22.

Cerith [ium]. mitrale m.— Eichwald 1853: 153.

Cerith [ium]. bicinctum m.— Eichwald 1853: 155 [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

Cerith [ium]. trijugum m.— Eichwald 1853: 155.

Cerith [ium]. bijugum m.— Eichwald 1853: 155.

Cerith [ium]. nympha m.— Eichwald 1853: 159.

Cerithium pictum Bast. — Ĥrnes 1855: 394, pl. 41, figs 15, 17.

C [erithium]. Rumanum— Pilide 1878: 27.

Cerithium Rumanum Pilide — Hilber 1879a: 441.

Cerithium Florianum Hilb. — Hilber 1879a: 435, pl. 3, figs 8–10.

Cerithium pictum Basterot — Cobălcescu 1883: 151, pl. 15, figs 10–13.

Cerithium varicosum n. f.— Handmann 1883a: 172 [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

[ Cerithium pictum ] var. interpolis — Handmann 1883a: 172.

[ Cerithium pictum Bast. ] var. elongatum — Handmann 1883b: 167.

[ Cerithium pictum Bast. ] var. lineata — Handmann 1883b: 167.

Cerithium pictum Bast. — Toula 1884: 222.

Cerithium pictum — Quenstedt 1884: 499, pl. 204, figs 73–80, 97–103.

[ Cerithium pictum ] pentastichus —Quenstedt 1884: 501, pl. 204, figs 86–91.

[ Cerithium pictum ] hexastichus —Quenstedt 1884: 501, pl. 204, fig. 92.

[ Cerithium pictum ] heptastichus —Quenstedt 1884: 502, pl. 204, fig. 93.

[ Cerithium pictum ] tetrastichus —Quenstedt 1884: 502, pl. 204, figs 94–95.

Cerithium pictum Basterot — Fontannes 1887: 329, pl. 1, figs 2–3.

[ Cerithium pictum Bast. ] var. Stefanescui Font.— Fontannes 1887: 330, pl. 1, fig. 4.

Cerithium pictum Bast. — Handmann 1888: 70, pl. 4, fig. 39.

Potamides (Pirenella) mitralis Eichw. — Hilber 1891: 235, figs 2–5.

Potamides (Pirenella) Peneckei Hilber — Hilber 1891: 238, fig. 6 [nov. nom. pro Cerithium bicinctum Eichwald, 1852 non Brocchi, 1814].

Cerithium pictum — Simionescu 1902: 24, pl. 2, figs 17–18.

Cerithium florianum Hilb. — Friedberg 1905: 24, pl. 1, fig. 1.

Cerithium nympha Eichw. — Friedberg 1905: 26, pl. 1, figs 4a–d.

[ Cerithium nympha Eichw. ] var. striata — Friedberg 1905: 27, pl. 1, figs 5a–b [non Lea, 1833].

Cerithium pictum Bast. var. mitralis Eichw. — Cossmann 1906: 116, pl. 12, figs 3–4.

Cerithium (Potamides) mitrale Eichw. — Schaffer 1912: 157, pl. 51, figs 30–32.

Potamides mitralis Eichw. — Friedberg 1914: 271, pl. 17, figs 1–7.

Potamides mitralis Eichw. var. ascalarata Friedberg 1914: 275 , pl. 17, fig. 8.

P [otamides]. mitralis Eichw. var. ascalarata Fr. forma tristriata — Friedberg 1914: 276, text-fig. 59.

Potamides bicostatus Eichw. forma unicostata— Friedberg 1914: 277, text-fig. 60.

Cerithium nympha Eichw. — Friedberg 1914: 278, pl. 17, figs 11–13.

Potamides Peneckei Hilb. — Friedberg 1914: 290, pl. 17, fig. 26.

Cerithium mitrale Eichw. var. Feldbachensis mihi— Stiny 1925: 87, text-fig. 3.

Potamides pictus Bast. var. mitralis Eichw. —Friedberg 1928: 598.

Potamides mitralis —B̂hm 1934: 21, pl. 2, fig. 7.

Potamides nympha Eichw. —B̂hm 1934: 21, pl. 2, fig. 8.

Cerithium mitrale Eichw. — Kolesnikov 1935: 222, pl. 28, figs 1–5.

Cerithium bijugum Eichw. — Kolesnikov 1935: 224, pl. 28, figs 6–8.

Cerithium mitreolum Eichw. — Kolesnikov 1935: 223, pl. 28, figs 9–13.

Cerithium mitrale Eichw. — Liwerowskaja 1935: 21, pl. 2, figs 27 – 29.

Pirenella picta (Defrance in Basterot)— Sieber 1937: 484, pl. 24, fig. D3.

Pirenella picta Defr. var. mitralis Eichw. — Sieber 1937: 485, pl. 24, figs C5, 6.

Pirenella picta Defr. var. nympha Eichw. — Sieber 1937: 486, pl. 24, figs C1, 2.

Potamides Peneckei Hilb. — Friedberg 1938a: 100, text-fig. 30.

Potamides pictus Bast. var. bulgarica nova. var.— Friedberg 1938b: 155, pl. 3, figs 11–15.

Cerithium mitrale Eichw. — Simionescu & Barbu 1940: 85, pl. 1, figs 34–36.

Cerithium mitrale var. ştefănescui – Simionescu & Barbu 1940: 86, pl. 1, fig. 39.

Cer [ithium]. mitrale var. nodosa — Simionescu & Barbu 1940: 87, pl. 1, figs 37–38.

Cerithium mitrale var. tristriata Friedb. — Simionescu & Barbu 1940: 87, pl. 1, fig. 40.

Cerithium pictum Bast. — Simionescu & Barbu 1940: 87, pl. 1, figs 41–42.

Cerithium bicinctum Eichw. var. bessarabica n. v. — Simionescu & Barbu 1940: 88, pl. 1, figs 45–46.

Cerithium nympha Eichw. — Simionescu & Barbu 1940: 89, pl. 1, figs 47–48.

Cerithium athanasiui n.f.– Simionescu & Barbu 1940: 89, pl. 1, figs 49–50.

Pirenella picta Defrance — Jekelius 1944: 76, pl. 18, figs 1–34, pl. 19, figs 1–18.

Pirenella picta Defr. — Jekelius 1944: 76, pl. 19, figs 1–18.

Pirenella soceni n. sp. — Jekelius 1944: 78, pl. 19, figs 19–23.

Cerithium pictum Defr. — Strausz 1948: 60, pl. figs 1–20.

Potamides mitralis Eichwald — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 26, pl. 1, fig. 10.

Potamides mitralis florianus Hilber — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 27, pl. 1, fig. 2.

Potamides mitralis Eichwald, 1830 — Korobkov 1951: 95, pl. 9, figs 4–7.

Pirenella picta floriana (Hilber) — Papp 1952: 116, pl. 3, figs 22–24.

Cerithium nefaris Kolesnikov — Andréeva-Ouchéva 1954: 271, pl. 11, fig. 12 [non Kolesnikov, 1935].

Pirenella picta (Defrance in Basterot)— Švagrovský 1954: 9, pl. 1, figs 31–37.

Pirenella mitralis (Eichwald) — Švagrovský 1954: 14, pl. 1, figs 38–43, 50, 51.

Pirenella mitralis (Eichw.) ascalarata Friedberg— Švagrovský 1954: 18, pl. 2, figs 1–6.

Pirenella bijuga (Eichwald) — Švagrovský 1954: 21, pl. 2, figs 28–35, pl. 3, figs 1–2.

Seila (Seila) conitesta n. sp. — Švagrovský 1954: 32, pl. 5, figs 2–5, 8, 9.

Seila (Seila) costatonodosa n. sp. — Švagrovský 1954: 32, pl. 4, figs 14, 17–21, pl. 5, figs 1, 6.

Seila (Seila) conica n. sp. — Švagrovský 1954: 62.

Potamides (Pirenella) mitralis Eichw. — Strausz 1954: 17, 97, pl. 2, fig. 25.

Potamides (Pirenella) bicinctus Br. — Strausz 1954: 17, 97, pl. 2, fig. 26 [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ]. Pirenella picta picta (Defrance) — Papp 1954: 39, pl. 6, figs 1–12.

Pirenella picta mitralis (Eichwald) — Papp 1954: 40, pl. 6, figs 16–18.

Pirenella picta nympha (Eichwald) — Papp 1954: 41, pl. 6, figs 22–24.

Pirenella picta (Defrance in Basterot)— Švagrovský 1954: 9, pl. 1, figs 31–37.

Pirenella mitralis (Eichw.) ascalarata Friedberg— Švagrovský 1954: 18, pl. 2, figs 1–6.

Pirenella bijuga (Eichwald) — Švagrovský 1954: 21, pl. 2, figs 28–35, pl. 3, figs 1–2.

Potamides (Pirenella) mitralis Eichw. — Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 28, figs 11–20.

Pirenella picta Defrance (Basterot), 1825 — Strausz 1955a: 39, text-fig. 1.

Pirenella picta nympha Eichwald, 1853 — Strausz 1955a: 162.

Pirenella picta pseudogamlitzensis nov. f.— Strausz 1955a: 46, 167, pl. 4, figs 31–32, text-fig. 7.

Pyrenella [sic] picta mitralis (Defr.) .— Seneš 1955: 95, pl. 8, figs 19–21.

Pyrenella [sic] picta bicostata (Eichw.).— Seneš 1955: 95, pl. 8, figs 17–18.

Potamides (Pirenella) mitralis Eichw. — Moisescu 1955: 120, pl. 10, fig. 8.

Potamides mitrale Eichwald — Volkova 1955: 36, pl. 16, figs 12–13.

Potamides mitralis Eichw. — Saulea 1956: 81, pl. 3, figs 4–6.

P [otamides]. picta mitralis (Eichw.) — Sieber 1958: 135.

Potamides mitralis Eichw. — Stevanović & Milosević 1959: 94, pl. 3, fig. 5.

Pirenella picta picta (Defrance) — Boda 1959: 616, pl. 25, figs 15–19, pl. 26, figs 1–5.

Pirenella picta mitralis (Eichwald) — Boda 1959: 617, pl. 26, figs 6–11.

Pirenella picta nympha (Eichwald) — Boda 1959: 617, pl. 26, figs 12–13.

Pirenella picta mitralis (Eichwald) — Švagrovský 1959: 222, pl. 9, fig. 10.

Pirenella picta cf. floriana (Hilber)— Pavlovsky 1960: 215, pl. 1, fig. 4a.

Pirenella picta var. bicostata ( Eichwald 1853) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 108, pl. 31, fig. 15. Pirenella picta — Tasnadi-Kubacska 1962: 48, text-fig. 56.

Pirenella picta mitralis (Eichw.) — Švagrovský 1964: 84, pl. 18, fig. 4, pl. 21, fig. 2.

Potamides (Pirenella) picta Defrance (in Basterot)— Strausz 1966: 145, pl. 8, fig. 15.

Potamides (Pirenella) pictus mitralis Eichwald, 1830 — Strausz 1966: 145, pl. 8, figs 16–18.

Pirenella picta nympha (Eichwald) — Spajič 1966: 34, pl. 3, figs 1–3.

Pirenella picta (Defrance) — Spajić 1966: 33, pl. 3, figs 7–13.

Pirenella picta mitralis (Eichwald) — Spajič 1966: 34, pl. 3, fig. 14.

Pirenella picta varicosa — Mariani & Papp 1966: 144, pl. 1, figs 3–5.

Pirenella picta floriana (Hilb.) — Kókay 1966: 41, pl. 4, figs 1–4.

Pirenella picta pseudogamlitzensis Strausz — Kókay 1966: 41.

Pirenella picta mitralis (Eichw.) — Bielecka 1967: 188, pl. 9, figs 10–11.

Pirenella picta picta (Defrance in Basterot, 1825)—Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 124, pl. 28, figs 19–22.

Pirenella picta mitralis ( Eichwald, 1853) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 124, pl. 28, figs 23–24.

Pirenella picta nodosa ( Simionescu et Barbu, 1940) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 125, pl. 29, figs 4–5.

Pirenella picta ştefănescui (Fontannes, 1886) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 125, pl. 29, fig. 6.

Pirenella bicincta bessarabica ( Simionescu et Barbu 1940) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 125, pl. 29, figs 8a–8b.

Potamides bijugum (Eichwald, 1850) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 157, pl. 38, figs 23–24.

Potamides mitralis ( Eichwald, 1830) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 158, pl. 39, figs 10–11.

Potamides mitralis ascalarata ( Friedberg, 1914) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 159, pl. 39, fig. 12.

Potamides nympha ( Eichwald, 1853) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 160, pl. 39, figs 17–18.

Potamides pictus Bast. — Ionesi 1968: 253, pl. 8, figs 1–3.

Potamides mitralis Eichw. — Ionesi, 1968: 250, pl. 9, figs 1–4.

Potamides nimpha [sic] Eichw.— Ionesi 1968: 251, pl. 9, figs 7–10.

Potamides bicinctus Eichw. — Ionesi 1968: 252, pl. 9, figs 27–29 [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

Pirenella picta picta (Defrance in Basterot, 1825)— Kojumdgieva 1969: 92, pl. 32, figs 15–16.

Pirenella picta mitralis ( Eichwald, 1830) — Kojumdgieva 1969: 93, pl. 32. figs 17–18, pl. 33, fig. 1.

Pirenella picta nympha (Eichwald, 1850) — Kojumdgieva 1969: 93, pl. 33, figs 2–4.

Potamides (Pirenella) pictus mitralis (Eichwald) — Bałuk 1970: 117, pl. 10, fig. 6.

Pirenella picta mitralis (Eichwald) — Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970: 137, pl. 11, figs 1–28, pl. 12, figs 1–15.

Pirenella picta mitralis (Eichw.) — Švagrovský 1970: 195, pl. 2, fig. 10.

Pirenella picta mitralis (Eichwald) — Eremija 1971: 68, pl. 7, fig. 14.

Pirenella picta picta ( Basterot, 1825) — Švagrovský 1971: 326, pl. 16, figs 1–5.

Pirenella picta mitralis ( Eichwald, 1830) — Švagrovský 1971: 330, pl. 16, figs 6–11.

Pirenella soceni Jekelius 1944 — Švagrovský 1971: 333, pl. 57, figs 4–7.

Potamides nympha Eichw. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 21, pl. 3, fig. 20.

Pirenella picta mitralis (Eichwald) — Bohn-Havas 1973: 1045, pl. 3, figs 20–21.

Pirenella picta mitrale ( Eichwald, 1830) — Steininger et al. 1973: 378, pl. 5, fig. 3.

Pirenella picta picta (Defrance) — Papp 1974: 343, pl. 6, figs 1–12.

Pirenella picta mitralis (Eichw.) — Ali-Zade 1974: 112, pl. 38, fig. 4.

Potamides mitralis Eichwald, 1830 — Volkova 1974: 89, pl. 15, figs 12–13.

Pirenella picta mitralis (Eichwald) — Bałuk 1975: 131, pl. 15, fig. 8.

P [otamides]. picta mitralis Eichw. — Ali-Zade et al. 1980: 61.

Pirenella picta mitralis (Eichwald. 1853) — Švagrovský 1982: 21, pl. 6, fig. 1.

Potamides mitralis Eichwald — Yanakevich 1987: 46, pl. 2, fig. 16.

Potamides (Pirenella) gamlitzensis (Hilber, 1879) — Iljina 1993: 73, pl. 9, figs 10–14 [non Hilber 1879a].

Potamides (Pirenella) pictus mitralis ( Eichwald, 1830) — Iljina 1993: 75, pl. 9, figs 17–18.

Pirenella picta picta (Defrance in Basterot, 1825)—Nikolov 1993: 69, pl. 3, figs 3–6.

Pirenella picata [sic] mitralis (Eichwald) — Ionesi & Nicorici 1994: 61, pl. 4, fig. 26.

Pirenella picta mitralis ( Eichwald, 1830) — Pek & Mikulás 1995: 89, pl. 1, figs 1–2.

Pirenella mitralis (Eichwald) — Munteanu & Munteanu 1997: 157, pl. 19, fig. 25.

Pirenella picta melanopsiformis (Auinger) Friedberg — Schultz 1998: 130, pl. 59, fig. 6 [non Friedberg, 1914].

Pirenella picta picta (Defrance) — Schultz 1998: 130, pl. 59, fig. 7.

Granulolabium bicinctum ( Brocchi, 1814) — Harzhauser & Kowalke 2002: 66, pl. 11, figs 1–8 [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

Granulolabium bicinctum ( Brocchi, 1814) —Harzhauser 2002: 74, pl. 1, figs 13–16 [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

Granulolabium bicinctum (Brocchi) — Piller & Harzhauser 2005: 452, fig. 4/2 [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

Potamides athanasiui ( Simionescu et Barbu, 1940) — Ionesi et al. 2005: 108.

Potamides pictus pictus (Defrance) — Ionesi et al. 2005: 481, pl. 7, figs 6–7.

Potamides pictus bessarabicus (Simionescu et Barbu) — Ionesi et al. 2005: 481, pl. 7, figs 12–13.

Potamides bicinctus bicinctus ( Eichwald, 1830) — Ionesi 2006: 197, pl. 4, fig. 15 [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

Potamides bicinctus bessarabicus (Sim. et Barbu) — Ionesi 2006: 197, pl. 4, fig. 16.

Potamides mitralis (Eichw.) — Ionesi 2006: 198, pl. 5, figs 5–8.

Potamides nimpha [sic] (Eichw.)— Ionesi 2006: 199, pl. 5, figs 9–10. Potamides pictus (Bast.) — Ionesi 2006: 199, pl. 5, figs 13–14. Pirenella picta pseudogamlitzensis Strausz, 1955 — Pálfy et al. 2008: 108. Granulolabium bicinctum ( Brocchi 1814) — Mandic et al. 2008: 351, fig. 7h [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ]. Granulolabium bicinctum (Brocchi) — Harzhauser & Piller 2009: 194, fig. 10/1 [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ]. Granulolabium bicinctum ( Brocchi, 1814) — Lukeneder et al. 2011: 772, figs I-J [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ]. Granulolabium bicinctum ( Brocchi, 1814) — Harzhauser et al. 2011: fig. 3/7 [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ]. Granulolabium bicinctum ( Brocchi, 1814) — D’Amico et al. 2012: 162 (pars), pl. 1, fig. 11, pl. 2, figs 12–16 [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ]. Granulolabium bicinctum ( Brocchi, 1814) — Tămaş et al. 2013: 71, figs 2i–j [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ]. Granulolabium bicinctum ( Brocchi, 1814) — Filipescu et al. 2014: 78: fig. 10/4 [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ]. Granulolabium bicinctum ( Brocchi, 1814) — Harzhauser et al. 2014, 431, fig. 4a [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ]. Potamides (Pirenella) pictus mitralis (Eichw.) — Starin 2014: 168, pl. 2, fig. 15. Granulolabium bicinctum ( Brocchi, 1814) — Hyžný et al. 2016: 168, fig. 2g. [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) ]. Granulolabium bicinctum ( Brocchi, 1814) — Harzhauser et al. 2018b: 5, fig. 3/11 [non Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi,

1814)].

non Potamides mitralis Eichw. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 20, pl. 3, fig. 17 [= Tiarapirenella tabulata (Ĥrnes, 1856) ].

non Pirenella mitralis — Aguilà & García García 1997: 20, pl. 1, fig. 8 [= Theodisca theodisca ( Rolle, 1856) ].

non Granulolabium bicinctum ( Brocchi, 1814) — Landau et al. 2013: 45 (pars), pl. 4, figs 4a–b [= Pustulosia submitralis ( Eichwald, 1851) ].

Type material. Syntype MNHN.F.A78843 (coll. de Basterot /Brongniart), SL: 12.8 mm, MD: 5.3 mm, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris ( France) (Photo: Philippe Loubry, MNHN/CNRS), Fig. 30G. A paper designating type specimens described by Basterot (1825) is currently in preparation by Jean-Michel Pacaud (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris). Therefore, we do not designate a lectotype of Cerithium pictum .

Type locality. Mérignac ( France) ,

Stratigraphy. Early Miocene, Burdigalian.

Illustrated material. NHMW 2022/0065/0001, SL: 19.5 mm, MD: 6.8 mm, M̂llersdorf ( Austria), Middle Miocene, Badenian, Figs 29D 1 –D 2. PM SPSU 3/310, SL: 21.0 mm, MD: 7.0 mm, Zalistsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine), lectotype of Cerithium mitrale Eichwald, 1830 , designated by Švagrovský (1982: 22); illustrated in Eichwald (1852: pl. 7, fig. 10), Figs 29E 1 –E 2. NHMW 1999z0089/0006, SL: 24.1 mm, MD: 8.5 mm, Middle Miocene, Sarmatian, Podivín (= Kostel) ( Czech Republic), illustrated in Ĥrnes (1855: pl. 41, fig 17) Figs 29F 1 –F 2. ZI RAS 62413, SL: 17.3 mm, MD: 4.8 mm, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine), lectotype of Cerithium nympha Eichwald, 1851 , Fig. 30A. ZI RAS 62414, SL: 8.0 mm, Kuncha (Khmel'nytskyi Region, Ukraine), paralectotype of Cerithium nympha Eichwald, 1851 , Fig. 30B. NHMW 1851/0017/0227, SL: 14.0 mm, MD: 5.5 mm, Tortona ( Italy), Late Miocene, Tortonian; Fig. 30C. PIN 5872/14, SL: 11.5 mm, MD: mm, Privol'nyi ( Russia, Stavropol Krai), Sarmatian (Volhynian), Fig. 30D. NHMW 2022/0066/0001, SL: 24.8 mm, MD: 8.9 mm, Wiesen ( Austria), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian, Fig. 30E. NHMW 2022/0067/0001, SL: 26.8 mm, MD: 11.1 mm, Ritzing ( Austria), Middle Miocene, Badenian, Fig. 29F. UMJG &P 200.153, SL: 13.5 mm, MD: 6.8 mm, Universalmuseum Joanneum (Graz, Austria), Middle Miocene, Badenian, lectotype of Cerithium florianum Hilber, 1879a , illustrated in Hilber (1879a: pl. 3, figs 8a–c), Fig. 30H. MNHN.F.R06863, SL: 11.6 mm, MD; 5.2 mm, Pont-Pourquey ( France), Burdigalian (= Granulolabium plicatum bicinctum sensu Lozouet, 1986 ), Fig. 30I. UMJG &P 4627, SL: 16.8 mm, MD: 7.1 mm, Universalmuseum Joanneum (Graz, Austria), Jamm ( Austria), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian, lectotype of Potamides (Pirenella) peneckei Hilber, 1891 illustrated in Hilber (1891: 238, fig. 6), Fig. 30J. PIN 5872/15, SL: 13.5 mm, MD: 6.8 mm, Mount Aksengir ( Kazakhstan, Mangistau Region), late Konkian, Fig. 30K. NHMW (no number), St. Margarethen ( Austria), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian, re-illustrated from Harzhauser & Kowalke (2002), Fig. 30L. NHMW 2022/0068/0001, SL: 17.4 mm, MD: 5.9 mm, Kottingbrunn ( Austria), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian, Figs 30M 1 –M 2. NHMW 2022/0068/0002, SL: 18.9 mm, MD: 6.7 mm, Kottingbrunn ( Austria), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian, Figs 30N 1 –N 2. ZNG PAN A-I-50/656, SL: 16.3 mm, MD: 5.5 mm, lectotype of Potamides bicostatus unicostata Friedberg, 1914 , Glibiv (Ternopil Region, Ukraine), Middle Miocene, Badenian, illustrated in Friedberg (1914: 277, text-fig. 60), Figs 32F 1 –F 2.

Additional material. The collections of the NHMW houses thousands of specimens of this species. Only a small selection is listed herein: Badenian (Middle Miocene): 34 spec., NHMW 1862/0018/0020, Hidas ( Hungary) ; 1 spec., NHMW 2011/0010/0001, St. Veit an der Triesting ( Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 24, fig. D1); Sarmatian (Volhynian) : 1 spec., NHMW 1999z0004/0029, Hauskirchen ( Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 24, fig. C4); 1 spec., NHMW 1999z0004/0034, Hauskirchen ( Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 24, fig. C2); 1 spec., NHMW 1999z0004/0027, Hauskirchen ( Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 24, fig. C1); 1 spec., NHMW 1999z0004/0011, Wiesen ( Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 24, fig. D3); 1 spec., NHMW 1999z0004/0028, Wiesen ( Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 24, fig. D2);> 100 spec., NHMW 1859/0045/0319, Hauskirchen ( Austria) ; 54 spec., NHMW 1846/0037/0365, Wiesen ( Austria) ; 39 spec., NHMW 1859/0045/0348, Hautzendorf ( Austria) ; 54 spec., NHMW A1681, Kottingbrunn ( Austria) ; 46 spec., NHMW 1847&0037/0088, Oberpullendorf ( Austria) ; 4 spec., NHMW 1861/0050/0196, Hautzendorf ( Austria) ; 38 spec., NHMW 1866/0001/0565, Drassburg ( Austria) ; 35 spec., NHMW 1851/0013/0078, Hlohovec ( Czech Republic) ; 83 spec., NHMW 1860/0001/0272, Holič ( Czech Republic) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1859/0045/0459, Pidgirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine) ; 10 spec., NHMW 1859/9940/0028, Zalistsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) ; Tortonian ( Late Miocene ) : 16 spec., NHMW 1854/0040/0012, Tortona ( Italy) .

Revised description. Shell small to medium sized, slender conical to stocky gradate, of about 14 teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~20–40°. Protoconch turreted of two convex whorls terminating with sinusigera notch. First teleoconch whorls angled at spiral cord placed just above abapical suture, second spiral cord placed mid-sutural ramp, occasionally adjoined by secondary spiral threads, third primary cord appears at adapical suture, usually developing into spiral row of prominent rounded beads, mid-whorl cord and abapical cord variably beaded, smooth or subobsolete. Whorl profile subcylindrical to weakly conical. Suture linear to distinctly undulating. Last whorl subcylindrical with moderately constricted; base convex, usually bearing several spiral cords of variable strength and number. Aperture ovate, outer lip not thickened, weakly opisthocyrt in lateral view, without granulae within; siphonal canal short, twisted, moderately wide, slightly deflected to the left; anal canal distinctly incised. Columella excavated, smooth. Columellar callus forming broad adherent rim; weak parietal callus. Color pattern consisting of orange dots on beads or of broad axial stripes usually starting at beads without being laterally strictly confined to these.

Synonyms. The enormous variability of this species is reflected in a plethora of names, which have been introduced for the morphological continuum ranging from slender smooth shells to stout strongly sculptured ones. In most cases, the conchological features on which the new taxa were based, are only briefly mentioned and of little value. The fact, that the various morphs frequently co-occur in the same layers suggests that none of the various subspecies represents a geographically or stratigraphically separated (chrono)subspecies.

Cerithium mitrale Eichwald, 1830 is a subjective junior synonym of Cerithium pictum Basterot, 1825 . Its lectotype differs from the syntype of Tiaracerithium pictum mainly in its slenderer outline. Morphologically very close to these morphs are Cerithium florianum Hilber 1879a , Cerithium mitrale bizonata Eichwald, 1851 , Cerithium mitrale trizonata Eichwald, 1851 , Cerithium pulchellum J. de C. Sowerby, 1832 and Cerithium tetrastichus Quenstedt, 1884 . Shells with reduced sculpture and/or slender conical shells have been described as Cerithium bicinctum bessarabica Simionescu & Barbu, 1940 , Potamides bicostatus unicostata Friedberg, 1914 , Cerithium lineolatum J. de C. Sowerby, 1832 , Cerithium mitrale mitreola Eichwald, 1851 , Potamides mitralis tristriata Friedberg, 1914 , Cerithium nympha Eichwald, 1851 , Cerithium nympha striata Friedberg, 1905 , Cerithium pictum elongatum Handmann, 1883b , Cerithium pictum lineata Handmann, 1883b , Cerithium pictum stefanescui Fontannes, 1887 , Cerithium rumanum Pilide, 1878 . Specimens with prominent sculpture and/or stout and gradate shell have been described as: Cerithium athanasiui Simionescu & Barbu, 1940 , Cerithium bijugum Eichwald, 1851 , Cerithium mitrale feldbachensis Stiny, 1925 , Cerithium mitrale nodosa Simionescu & Barbu, 1940 , Cerithium trijugum Eichwald, 1851 , Potamides pictus bulgarica Friedberg, 1938b , Cerithium pictum interpolis Handmann, 1883a , Pirenella picta pseudogamlitzensis Strausz, 1955a and Cerithium varicosum Handmann, 1883a [non Brocchi, 1814]. Prominent spiral sculpture characterizes Cerithium heptastichus Quenstedt, 1884 , C. hexastichus Quenstedt, 1884 and Pirenella soceni Jekelius, 1944 . Cerithium pentastichus Quenstedt, 1884 represents various morphs of Tiaracerithium pictum ranging from stocky shells with reduced sculpture to slender shells with several beaded spiral cords. Seila (Seila) conitesta Švagrovský, 1954 and Seila (Seila) Švagrovský, 1954 were established for juvenile specimens. Cerithium bicinctum Eichwald, 1852 is a secondary homonym of Cerithium bicinctum ( Brocchi, 1814) [see also Landau et al. (2013: 45), note that it is not a subjective junior synonym of Brocchi’s species]. Potamides (Pirenella) peneckei was established by Hilber (1891) as replacement name for Cerithium bicinctum Eichwald, 1861 non Brocchi, 1814. See the nomenclator for brief discussions for each taxon.

Discussion. Tiaracerithium pictum is among the most abundant, most wide-spread and most variably gastropod species in the Paratethys Sea. None of the many subspecies, varieties and ‘forms’ represents palaeogeographically or stratigraphically isolated populations. Therefore, we treat all these taxa as morphotypes of a single species. Nevertheless, we observe a reduction of the sculpture of early teleoconch whorls in T. pictum from the early to the Middle Miocene. Burdigalian specimens and Badenian specimens tend to form more prominent spiral cords, often with faint beads on the adapical spiral cord, comparable to Tiaracerithium thiarella . In Sarmatian specimens the spiral cords on early teleoconch whorls are much weaker, thread-like, and usually lack any beads ( Figs 30L–N).

As seen from the chresonymy, many authors recognized the close relation between Cerithium pictum and Cerithium mitrale but did not synonymize these with Murex bicinctum . Lozouet (1986) considered Middle Miocene specimens described as ‘ mitralis ’ and ‘ pictum ’ in the Paratethys literature to represent Tiarapirenella bicincta ( Brocchi, 1814) (placed by him in Granulolabium ). This view was accepted uncritically by many subsequent authors (e.g., Mandic et al. 2008; Harzhauser et al. 2011; Lukeneder et al. 2011; D’Amico et al. 2012; Landau et al. 2013; Filipescu et al. 2014; Dominici et al. 2020) although the holotype of Murex bicinctus is only superficially similar with Cerithium pictum / mitrale . See Tiarapirenella for discussion on differences between both species.

Distribution. Tiaracerithium pictum appeared during the Burdigalian when it is documented from the northeastern Atlantic and the Central Paratethys Sea. The species became ubiquitous during the Middle Miocene when it reached also the Eastern Paratethys Sea. Tiaracerithium pictum vanished from the Paratethys at the end of the Bessarabian (Tortonian). It was widespread during the Tortonian in the Proto-Mediterranean Sea and the adjacent Atlantic ( Portugal) and persisted into the Messinian in the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Pliocene records will need confirmation.

Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Winterlingen, Bachzimmern ( Germany) (Quenstedt 1884); Maria Dreieichen ( Austria) ( Schaffer 1912). Karpatian: Korneuburg Basin: Gebmannsberg, Grossrussbach, Helfens, Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf, Niederkreuzstetten, Stetten, Teiritzberg, Wetzleinsdorf ( Austria) (Harzhauser 2002).

Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland), Nowy Sącz Basin: Niskowa ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1970); Voronyaky Hills: Pidgirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Glybochok, Tarnoruda (Khmel'nytskyi Region),Yaseniv (Lviv Region), Fashchivka, Gusyatyn, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha, Zboriv (Ternopil Region) ( Ukraine) ( Friedberg 1914); Miechocin ( Poland) ( Friedberg 1905); Vienna Basin: Baden-Sooss ( Austria) ( Papp 1952); Borský Mikuláš ( Czech Republic) ( Švagrovský 1982); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing ( Harzhauser et al. 2014); Southern Carpathians: Crivineni-Patârlagele ( Romania) ( Ionesi & Nicorici 1994); Transylvanian Basin: Buitur ( Romania) (Moisescu 1955a); Styrian Basin: St. Florian, Plirsch ( Austria) ( Hilber 1879a; Papp 1952); Pannonian Basin: Samobor ( Croatia) ( Pavlovsky 1960), Herend–Márkó, Hidas ( Hungary) ( Kókay 1966; Strausz 1966); Dacian Basin: Dylgodeltsi ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Sarmatian, Volhynian: Lublin Upland: Krašnik, Łychów ( Poland) ( Bielecka 1967); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Kuncha, Vil'khivtsi (Khmel'nytskyi Region), Derman, Tesiv (Rivne Region), Bugliv, Butsyky, Gai-Roztots'ki, Glibiv, Gusyatyn, Kremenets', Lanivtsi, Mykulyntsi, Ocheretnе, Ogryzkivtsi, Pliskа, Rydomyl', Staryi Pochaiv, Tarasivka, Vyshgorodok, Zagir'ya, Zalistsi, Zbarazh, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region), Yurkivtsi (Vinnytsia Region, Ukraine) ( Eichwald 1853; Friedberg 1914, 1938a); Bogdanówka, Chmielnik, Dwikozy, Kamionki, Koprzywnica, Lesieczyńskie, Szydłów, Szyły Mazowieckie, Wielowieś ( Poland) ( Friedberg 1914); North Alpine Carpathian Foredeep: Hollabrunn ( Austria) ( Mandic et al. 2008); Vienna Basin: Atzelsdorf, Gaweinsthal, Hauskirchen, Ĥlles, M̂dling, Nexing, Bad Pirawarth, Siebenhirten, Thallern, Vienna /D̂bling, Vienna /Hernals, Vienna /Liesing ( Austria) ( Sieber 1937; Harzhauser et al. 2018b, 2011; Piller & Harzhauser 2005), Mikulov, Podivín (= Kostel) ( Czech Republic) (Hörnes 1855; Sieber 1937); Bílovice u Uherského Hradiště, Čejč, Dúbravka pri Bratislave, Holič, Podivín, Skalica, Strážnice ( Slovakia) ( Švagrovský 1971); Danube Basin: Bohdanovce, Trenčianske, Stankovce ( Švagrovský 1971); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: St. Margarethen, Wiesen ( Austria), Sopron ( Hungary) ( Sieber 1937; Harzhauser & Kowalke 2002); Oberpullendorf Basin: Oberpullendorf ( Austria) ( Sieber 1937); Styrian Basin: Bad Gleichenberg, Feldbach, Hartberg, Jamm, L̂ffelbach, Waltra, Waldhof bei Graz ( Austria) ( Hilber 1891; Papp 1974; own data); Eastern Slovakian Basin: Čakanovce, Herľany, Izra, Kalša, Nižná Myšľa, Nižný Čaj, Olšoviany, Skaroš, Slanec, Trstené pri Hornáde Ždaňa, ( Slovakia) ( Švagrovský 1954, 1964); Pannonian Basin: Akali, Balatonudvari, Bia, Budapest, Buják, Csabdi, Diszel, Ecseg, F̧zérradvány (Vilyipuszta), Galgagŷrk, Ĝnc, Ĝr̂mb̂ly, Gyermely, Hidas, Kistálya, Kozárd, Makkoshotyka, Mány, Magyarhertelend, Páty, Pécs, Pécsvárad, Perbál, Pogányvár, Sámsonháza, Szentgŷrgymajor, Szirák, Tard, Telki, Tihany, Tinnye, Úny, Várpalota, Vérkút, Zánka, Zsámbék, ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954; Boda 1959; Strausz 1966); Sárrét Basin ( Hungary) ( Boda 1959); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Transylvanian Basin: Soceni ( Romania) ( Jekelius 1944); Borod Basin: Vârciorog ( Romania) ( Filipescu et al. 2014).

Eastern Paratethys. Karaganian (Middle Miocene): Western Ciscaucasia: Tul'skii (Adygea, Russia); Transcaspia: Mangyshlak : Aksengir Mountain, Ashchiktaipak ( Kazakhstan) ( Iljina 1993). Konkian: Western Ciscaucasia: Privol'nyi (Stavropol Krai, Russia); Transcaspia: Mangyshlak : Aksengir Mountain ( Kazakhstan) ( Liwerowskaja 1935) (note that the preservation of the specimen from Mynsualmas in Kazakhstan mentioned by Iljina 1993 is too poor for an identification, own observation A.G.). Buglovian: Dacian Basin: Boziorul, Odăile ( Romania) ( Saulea 1956).

Sarmatian, Volhynian: Moldavian Platform: Mogyliv-Podil's'kii (Vinnytsia Region) ( Ukraine), Bursuc, Buşăuca, Butuceni, Camenca, Chetrosu, FloreȘti, Ghidirim, Gura Căinarului, Lupăria, Mîndîc, MolochiȘul, Năpadova, Raşcov, Răzeni, Rezina, Rîbnița, Saharna, Severinovca, Şoldăneşti, Tîrnova, Vărăncău, Zăzuleni, Zgurița ( Moldova) ( Kolesnikov 1935; Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970; Ionesi 2006); Şcheia, Hârtop, Repedea ( Romania) ( Simionescu & Barbu 1940); Mehadia Basin: Valea Tudoroviţa, Valea Hamka, Valea Svinea Mare, Valea Svina Mică, Valea Kişevăţ ( Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Dacian Basin: Capul Mielului Valley ( Romania) ( Munteanu & Munteanu 1997); Dacian Basin: Gabrovnitsa, Galatin, Krivodol, Kula, Makresh, Rakevo, Tyrnava ( Bulgaria) ( Kojumdgieva 1969; own data); Transcaucasia : Nakhchivan Depression ( Azerbaijan) ( Ali-Zade 1974).

Sarmatian, Bessarabian (Late Miocene): Moldavian Platform: Butuceni, Chişinău, Cricova, Ghidirim, Ivanoş (? = Ivancea), Japca, Mateuţi, MolochiȘul, Orhei, Piatra, SeliȘte, Şoldăneşti, Slobozia Trebujeni, Zăzuleni ( Moldova) ( Simionescu & Barbu 1940; Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970); Bogdăneşti, Buneşti, Copoului, Drăgoeşti, Hârtop, Manolea, MaramureȘ, Margineanu, Oprişeni Pleseşti, Rădăşeni, Râşca, Repedea, Scheia, Tătăruşi, Valea Cetatui, Valea Lupului ( Romania) ( Fontannes 1887; Simionescu & Barbu 1940; Korobkov 1951; Ionesi et al. 2005); Mehadia Basin: Valea Tudoroviţa, Valea Svinea Mare, Valea Svinea Mică ( Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Dacian Basin: PloieȘti ( Romania) ( Pilide 1878).

Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin ( Turkey) ( Landau et al. 2013). Tortonian (Late Miocene): Vallès-Penedès Basin ( Spain) (Casanovas Cladellas et al. 1972), Tuscany ( Italy) ( Trentanove 1911), Po Basin ( Italy) ( Sacco 1895, Venzo & Pelosio 1963, Robba 1968), Emilia ( Italy) ( Manzoni 1869), Calabria ( Italy) ( Seguenza 1880). late Tortonian-early Messinian (Late Miocene): Monti Livornesi ( Italy) Dominici et al. (2020). See Landau et al. (2013) for additional non-Paratethyan references.

Northeastern Atlantic. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin ( France) ( Cossmann & Peyrot 1922; Lozouet 1986); Langhian–Serravallian (Middle Miocene) Aquitaine Basin ( France) ( Cossmann & Peyrot 1922); Late Miocene (Tortonian): Cacela Basin: Cacela Velha, Algarve ( Portugal) (own data B.L.).