Lampanella maeotica ( Karlov, 1932 ) Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau, 2023

Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr & Landau, Bernard, 2023, A revision and nomenclator of the Cainozoic mudwhelks (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Batillariidae, Potamididae) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia), Zootaxa 5272 (1), pp. 1-241 : 118-121

Lampanella maeotica ( Karlov, 1932) nov. comb.

Figs 21G–I, 22A–I, 23A–F

Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw. — Andrussow 1890: 299 [non Eichwald, 1830].

Cerithium (Pithocerithium) comperei Orb. — Andrussow 1906: 397 [non d’Orbigny, 1844].

* Cerithium (Pithocerithium) maeoticum nov. sp. — Karlov 1932: 71, 79, figs 13–17, 21.

Cerithium (Pithocerithium) maeoticum var. lineata m.— Karlov 1932: 72, 79, fig. 18 [non Lamarck, 1822, non Tryon, 1887].

Cerithium (Pithocerithium) maeoticum var. lineato-punctata m.— Karlov 1932: 72, 79, fig. 19.

Cerithium (Pithocerithium) maeoticum var. punctata m.— Karlov 1932: 72, 80, fig. 20 [non Bruguière, 1792].

Cerithium (Pithocer [ithium].) conoideum n. sp. — Karlov 1932: 74 [non Lamarck, 1804].

Cerithium (Pithocerithium) melaniaeformis nov. sp. — Karlov 1932: 75, figs 22–24.

Cerithium (Pithocerithium) melaniaeformis var. elongata m.— Karlov 1932: 75, 81, figs 25–30 [non Anton, 1838; non G. B. Sowerby II, 1855].

Cerithium striatulum nov. sp. — Karlov 1932: 75, 81, figs 31–36 [non Deshayes, 1864].

Cerithium formosum nov. sp. — Karlov 1932: 80, figs 37–40 [non Zekeli, 1852].

Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw. var maeoticum n. var. — Ossaulenko 1936: 89, 119, 129, pl. 3, figs 1–6 [non Karlov, 1932].

Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum Eichw. — Badzoshvili 1967: 441, figs 1–4 [non Eichwald, 1830].

Cerithium (Thericium) maeoticum sp. n. — Badzoshvili 1967: 442, figs 5–10 [non Karlov, 1932].

Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum Eichw. kerchense subsp. n. — Badzoshvili 1967: 444, figs 11–12.

Cerithium rubiginosum maeoticum (Karlov) —Badzoshvili 1969: 77, pl. 19, figs 9–11.

Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) rubiginosum maeoticum Ossaulenko — Roshka 1973: 193, pl. 32, figs 462–466.

Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) volhynicum Friedberg — Roshka 1973: 195, pl. 33, figs 467–473 [non Friedberg, 1914].

Cerithium comperei maeoticum Karlov — Iljina et al. 1976: pl. 26, figs 7–16.

Cerithium comperei melanieforme [sic] Karlov— Iljina et al. 1976: 91, pl. 26, figs 17–24.

Cerithium striatulum Karlov — Iljina et al. 1976: pl. 27, figs 1–6.

Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw. — Badzoshvili 1979: 77, pl. 18, figs 7–8 [non Eichwald, 1830].

Cerithium rubiginosum maeoticum Karlov — Badzoshvili 1979: 115, pl. 18, figs 9–11.

Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw. — Badzoshvili 1984: pl. 1, figs 3–4 [non Eichwald, 1830].

Cerithium (Thericium) obliquistoma attritum (Boet.) — Badzoshvili 1984: pl. 1, fig. 5–8 [non Boettger, 1907].

Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw. — Badzoshvili 1986: pl. 12, fig. 4, pl. 13, figs 2–6 [non Eichwald, 1830].

Cerithium rubiginosum comperei Orb. — Badzoshvili 1986: pl. 13, fig. 1 [non d’Orbigny, 1844].

Cerithium (Thericium) obliquistoma attritum (Boet.) — Badzoshvili 1986: pl. 14, fig. 1–6 [non Boettger, 1907].

Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw. — Badzoshvili 1999: pl. 3, figs 1–4 [non Eichwald, 1830].

Cerithium (Thericium) obliquistoma attritum (Boet.) — Badzoshvili 1999: pl. 3, fig. 5–9 [non Boettger, 1907].

Type material. Lectotype designated herein: specimen illustrated in Karlov (1932: pl. 1, figs 13–17), SL: 15 mm. National Mining University , Dnipropetrovsk ( Ukraine). The type material seems to be lost.

Type locality. Kerch peninsula.

Stratigraphy. Late Miocene, early Maeotian.

Illustrated material. PIN 5872 /22, SL: 11.8 mm, MD: 5.0 mm, Peninsula Yagorlyts'kyi Kut, borehole; (former fishing village Svobodnyi Port) ( Ukraine, Kherson Region), early Maeotian , Figs 21G, 23D . PIN 5872 /23, SL: 10.3 mm, MD: 5.1 mm, Peninsula Yagorlyts'kyi Kut, borehole; (former fishing village Svobodnyi Port) ( Ukraine, Kherson Region), early Maeotian , Figs 21H 1 – H 2, 23E . PIN 5872 /24, SL: 10.7 mm, MD: 4.8 mm, Peninsula Yagorlyts'kyi Kut, borehole; (former fishing village Svobodnyi Port) ( Ukraine, Kherson Region), early Maeotian , Figs 21 I 1 – I 3, 23C . PIN 5872 /30, SL: 14.7 mm, MD: 6.3 mm, ravine Bila Krynytsya near village Novorosiiske ( Ukraine, Mykolaiv Region), early Maeotian , Figs 22A 1 –A 2 . PIN 5872 /31, SL: 18.0 mm, MD: 7.6 mm, Berezneguvate, left bank of the Vysun' River ( Ukraine, Mykolaiv Region), early Maeotian. Figs 22B 1 –B 3 . PIN 5872 /32, SL: 13.0 mm, MD: 5.2 mm, Berezneguvate, left bank of the Vysun' River ( Ukraine, Mykolaiv Region), early Maeotian , Fig. 22C . PIN 5872 /25, SL: 16.0 mm, MD: 8.1 mm, east of Cape Krasnyi Kut (Crimea), early Maeotian , Figs 22D 1 –D 2, 23B . PIN 5872 /26, SL: 16.5 mm, MD: 8.0 mm, east of Cape Krasnyi Kut (Crimea), early Maeotian. Figs 22E 1 – E 2, 23A . PIN 5872 /34, SL: 15.0 mm, MD: 7.0 mm, south of Cəngi ( Azerbaijan), early Maeotian , Fig. 22F. PIN 5872 /27, SL: 16.2 mm, MD: 7.3 mm, Zolotoe (Crimea), early Maeotian , Figs 22G 1 –G 2, 23F. PIN 5872 /28, SL: 17.5 mm, MD: 8.2 mm, Zolotoe (Crimea), early Maeotian. Figs 22H 1 –H 2 . PIN 5872 /29, SL: 7.0 mm, MD: 3.7 mm, Zolotoe (Crimea), early Maeotian , Fig. 22I .

Revised description. Small (adult size varies from 11 to 17 mm), solid, squat ovoid to crytoconoid shell with short, conical to weakly cyrtoconoid spire. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of 8–10 whorls with more or less angulated periphery. Apical angle of adult shell ranging from 35° to 60°. Suture moderately incised, straight or slightly undulating. First two teleoconch whorls with spiral cords; later axially elongated beads appear in adapical part of whorls. Beads can range to mid-whorl on penultimate and/or last whorls. Subsutural spiral row of less pronounced beads may appear on last whorl. Beads become more compact and rounded on late whorls, ranging around 9–12 on penultimate whorl, varying from high and spiny to weakly pronounced as low elevations. Spiral sculpture of numerous narrow spiral cords separated by narrow grooves, overriding also beads. Aperture ovoid, strongly oblique. Outer lip well rounded, slightly thickened. Palatal margin straight, slightly opisthocline, rarely orthocline; basal margin convex. Anal canal narrowly incised; Columella deeply excavated, smooth. Inner lip callus sharply delimited from base, moderately thickened; parietal callus often strongly thickened forming broad parietal pad. Siphonal canal strongly deflected to the left, short, moderately wide, deeply incised and deeply notched.

Color pattern very variable, ranging from almost uncolored shells with small scattered spots to almost fully colored ones with small scattered white spots. Many intermediate specimens with spiral bands, opisthocline bands and axial bands of variable thickness.

Synonyms. Karlov (1932) introduced a large number of subspecies and varieties all appearently from the same locality. Of these, Cerithium conoideum Karlov, 1932 is preoccupied by Lamarck (1804). In the German summary and in the plate captions, Karlov (1932: 80) described the same species as Cerithium formosum , which is preoccupied by Zekeli (1852). Karlov (1932) described it as rare form, being close to Lampanella maeotica with which it co-occurs. Cerithium (Pithocerithium) maeoticum lineata Karlov 1932 is variously preoccupied (e.g., Lamarck 1822; Tryon, 1887). Cerithium striatulum Karlov 1932 in preoccupied by Deshayes (1864). Similarly, Cerithium (Pithocerithium) maeoticum punctata Karlov, 1932 is preoccupied by Bruguière (1792). Cerithium (Pithocerithium) maeoticum lineato-punctata Karlov, 1932 is based on a specimen with reddish-brown dots in the spiral grooves. Cerithium (Pithocerithium) melaniaeformis Karlov, 1932 is based on a smaller specimen of Lampanella maeotica with reduced sculpture. Cerithium (Pithocerithium) melaniaeformis elongata Karlov, 1932 represents an elongate morph. The name is preoccupied by Anton (1838) and G.B. II. Sowerby (1855). All the morphs decribed by Karlov (1932) fall within the range of variability of Lampanella maeotica as discussed below and therefore, no replacement names are needed. Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum kerchense Badzoshvili, 1967 is based on a moderately stout specimen, which lacks the aperture. In addition, Ossaulenko (1936) and Badzoshvili (1967) introduced two homonyms of Cerithium maeoticum , which both are treated herein as subjective junior synonyms of Lampanella maeotica .

Discussion. This species is extraordinarily variable concerning its spiral sculpture. Specimens with several prominent spiral grooves, dividing the surface into 12–15 very broad bands, covered by dense and thin spiral striae, occur along with specimens with rather chaotically located grooves of different depth, dividing the surface into bands of different width. Other specimens display densely-spaced grooves forming tens of narrow spiral threads. Shells with prominent beads were described as Cerithium maeoticum and C. conoideum / formosum or misidentified as Cerithium comperei and C. rubiginosum , whereas slender shells with reduced nodes were described as Cerithium striatulum and C. melaniaeformis .

In addition, Lampanella maeotica is quite variable concerning its outline. The melaniaeformis and striatula morphs have small and slender shells with less prominent axial sculptures (nodes and axially elngated elevations) in opposite to two other morphs. The morph melanieformis comprises small shells (up to 12 mm) with most reduced axial sculpture ( Figs 21G–I). The whorls of this morph are roundish or weakly angulated in outline and covered by numerous thin furrows and one row of low nodules. The latter are better developed on the spire, but commonly reduced on the last whorl. The striatula morph differs in more prominent axial sculpture ( Figs 22A–C) and prominent nodes. The shell is similar in size with the melaniaeformis morph, but some specimens attain also a larger size. The nodes strongly vary in size and number. The spiral rows range from one mid-whorl spiral to two spirals (medial and below it). The latter is more common in shells with several thick spirals cords, forming between forrows. A third spiral row of small nodes may appear on last whorls. The typical morph ( Figs 22D–E, G–I) is most common outside Transcaucasia . It has large (up to 18 mm), massive and less slender shells with well developed nodes. A fourth morph is close to typical shells, but differs in its pointed, spiny nodes and the often pupoid outline ( Fig. 22F). The latter morph is common in Transcaucasia . It appears in material from Abkhazia (see papers of Badzoshvili) and seems to be predominant in samples from Azerbaijan (according to L.B. Iljina’s collection).

All our shells of melaniaeformis have well preserved shell coloration, which covers most part of shell surface. On the contrary almost all shells of striatula lack a color pattern except for few shells with very pale color. Shells of the typical morphology usually display a simple pattern of colored furrows.

Shells of all morphs are found in carbonatic sediments, but there is no information if certain morphotypes are associated with a distinct facies. The morphs melaniaeformis and striatula seem to co-occur, and the melaniaeformis morph is not found together with typical shells of the species.

Lampanella maeotica has frequently been confused with Sarmatian cerithiid species, such as Cerithium comperei and C. rubiginosum . This identification is incorrect, based on the typical Lampanella aperture. Moreover, the genus Cerithium seems to have disappeared from the Paratethys at the end of the middle Sarmatian (Bessarabian) due to the decreasing salinity during the late Sarmatian. Thus, Cerithium is absent from Maeotian strata.

It is unclear when exactly and from where Lampanella maeotica originated in the Early Maeotian Eastern Paratethys. In the Crimea and the Western Ciscaucasian region, the species occurs only above the Mitridat Beds, which lay in the base of the lower Maeotian. The fauna of the Mitridat Beds suggests even less marine conditions than during the late Sarmatian. Occurrences from other areas ( Ossaulenko 1936: Black Sea Lowland ; Badzoshvili 1979: Ciscaucasia) were also not documented from the base of the Maeotian. The earliest records of this species might be expected in Transcaucasia , where a connection between the Eastern Paratethys and Mediterranean Sea was proposed by Iljina (1972) and Iljina et al. (1976).

Lampanella maeotica differs from other Neogene Lampanella species by the absence of an adsutural row of nodes. Node-like elevations appear only on the last whorl of some specimens.

Distribution. Lampanella maeotica is an endemic early Maeotian species in the Eastern Paratethys.

Eastern Paratethys. Early Maeotian (Late Miocene): Black Sea Lowland : Bilousove, L'vove, Kalynivs'ke (= Kalinindorf), Mala Seidemynukha (= Shterndorf), Yagorlyts'kyi Kut peninsula (where was former Svobodnyi Port) (Kherson Region), ravine Bila Krynytsya near Novorosiiske, Berezneguvate, Ivano-Kepyne, Kaluga(= Mikhailovka), Pryshyb, Semenivka, Snigurivka (Mikolaiv Region), Chornomors'k, Desantne, Lyman, Shyroke, Vylkove (Odessa Region, Ukraine); Crimea: Kamenskoe, Cape Kazantip, Kerch (incl. Adzhimushkai, Bieli, Enikale, Kapkany, gorge Kushai-Resy, Mount Mitridat, Novyi Karantin), Cape Krasnyi Kut, former village Nasyr, Semenovka (= Kiten), Voikovo (= Katerlez), Zolotoe (= Chegene); Ciscaucasia: Apchas River near Kutais, Erivanskii (Krasnodar Krai), Gums River near Yalkhoi-Mokkh (Chechnya, Rusia); Transcaucasia : rivers Galidzga, Gedzhiri and Tsitsikvara (Abkhazia), Vake ( Georgia), Cəngi, Qobustan ( Azerbaijan) ( Karlov 1932; Ossaulenko 1936; Roshka 1973; Iljina et al. 1976; Badzoshvili 1979; own data).