Terebralia subcorrugata (d’Orbigny, 1852)

Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr & Landau, Bernard, 2023, A revision and nomenclator of the Cainozoic mudwhelks (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Batillariidae, Potamididae) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia), Zootaxa 5272 (1), pp. 1-241 : 104-107

Terebralia subcorrugata (d’Orbigny, 1852)

Figs 18A–F

Cerithium corrugatum Al. Brong. — Grateloup 1846: plate captions, pl. 2/18, fig. 20 [non Brongniart, 1823].

[ Cerithium ] subcorrugatum d’Orb. —d’Orbigny 1852: 80, no. 1468.

Cerithium perrugatum Hilb. — Hilber 1879a: 443, pl. 4, figs 9 a–b, 10.

Clava Dollfusi nov. form.— Hoernes 1901: 319, figs 1–4.

Terebralia subcorrugata (d’Orbigny) — Cossmann 1906: 125, pl. 10, figs 21–22.

Potamides (Terebralia) subcorrugatus (d’Orbigny) — Vignal 1911: 180, pl. 9, figs 37–38.

Terebralia subcorrugata (d’Orbigny) — Cossmann & Peyrot 1922: 257, pl. 5, figs 93, 98, pl. 6, figs 2–3, 8–9.

Terebralia bidentata perrugata Hilb. — Strausz 1954: 17, 58, 97, pl. 2, figs 23 a–b.

Terebralia bidentata perrugata Hilber, 1879 — Strausz 1955a: 156.

Terebralia subcorrugata d’Orbigny —Kecskemétiné K̂rmendy 1962: 88, pl. 10, fig. 2 [non d’Orbigny, 1852].

Potamides (Terebralia) bidentatus perrugatus Hilber, 1879 — Strausz 1966: 161, pl. 6, figs 15–16.

Terebralia bidentata perrugata (Hilber, 1879) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 129, pl. 30, figs 18a–b.

Terebralia subcorrugata (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Lozouet et al. 2001a: 26, pl. 8, figs 6–7, pl. 9, fig. 10.

Terebralia subcorrugata (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Esu & Girotti 2010: 158, pl. 6, figs 4–7.

Terebralia subcorrugata (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Cluzaud et al. 2014: 226, fig. 171D.

Terebralia subcorrugata d’Orbigny, 1852 — Thivaiou et al. 2019: 335 , figs 4F1–F3.

non Terebralia subcorrugata (d’Orbigny, 1852) —Ģrsoy 2017: 80, pl. 1, figs 5a–b [= Cerithiidae ].

Type material. Lectotype designated herein: MNHN.F.B27650, SL: 27.0 mm, MD: 13.6 mm, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris ( France), Figs 18D 1 –D 2.

Type locality. Surroundings of Bordeaux ( France) .

Stratigraphy. Early Miocene, Burdigalian.

Illustrated material. NHMW 1850/0018/0107, SL: 50.6 mm, MD: 23.2 mm, Bordeaux ( France), Figs 18E 1 – E 2; NHMW 1836/0012/0455, SL: 67.5 mm, MD: 29.0 mm, Bordeaux ( France), Figs 18A 1 –A 2; UMJG &P 203.168, SL: 48.6 mm, MD: 18.6 mm, Universalmuseum Joanneum (Graz, Austria), Oisnitz ( Austria), lectotype of Clava dollfusi Hoernes, 1901 , illustrated in Hoernes (1901: 319, figs 1–2), Figs 18B 1 –B 2. Reproduced from Hilber (1879a, pl. 4, 9–10), Gamlitz ( Austria), syntype of Cerithium perrugata Hilber, 1879 , Fig. 18C. Reproduced from Strausz (1966, pl. 6, 15), Várpalota ( Hungary), Fig. 18F.

Studied material. 3 spec., NHMW 1850/0018/0107, 2 spec., NHMW 1883/C/7071, Bordeaux ( France), Burdigalian (Early Miocene) ; 2 spec., NHMW1882/0007/2268, Merignac ( France), Burdigalian ( Early Miocene ); spec., NHMW 1910/0000/0202, Saucats ( France), Aquitanian (Early Miocene) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1856/0035/0338, Saucats ( France), Aquitanian (Early Miocene) .

Revised description. Large, solid shell with conical to weakly gradate spire and flat whorl profile. Protoconch and early teleoconch whorls not preserved. Sculpture of four spiral cords with blunt, spirally elongated nodes, arranged in prominent, straight to opisthocline axial ribs, separated by wide interspaces of up to same width. Fifth, weaker spiral cord frequently intercalated close to abapical suture. Suture distinctly incised. Last whorl large, somewhat allometric in growth, with convex periphery and base, bearing one blunt, strongly protruding varix. Aperture (not preserved in Paratethyan specimens) large, strongly oblique, ovoid, moderately wide with flaring outer lip, adapically angulated with distinct, narrowly incised anal canal; opisthocline in lateral view. Columella straight with prominent central columellar fold. Inner lip broad, well demarcated from base by narrow chink. Two moderately prominent denticles deep inside aperture, corresponding to varix. Siphonal canal narrow, deeply incised, strongly deflected to the left.

Discussion. This species is characterized by its conical spire, coarse sculpture, opisthocline axial ribs and broad last whorl with prominent, protruding varix. The axial sculpture distinguishes T. subcorrugata from all other Paratethyan Terebralia species. The large, convex, but rather short last whorl with protruding varix and the adapically angulated aperture allow a separation from T. lignitarum .

Synonyms. Cerithium perrugata Hilber 1879 is a subjective junior synonym of Terebralia subcorrugata and does not differ significantly from specimens from the type locality of T. subcorrugata in the NHMW collection. When describing this species, Hilber (1879) had to rely on the poor figures of T. subcorrugata in Grateloup (1846) and therefore, did not recognize the similarity. The larger, more complete syntype of T. perrugata (illustrated in Hilber 1879a: pl. 4, figs 9a–b) was stored at the Paleontological Institute of the University of Graz ( Austria) but is lost. Similarly, the second syntype, originally stored at the Geological Survey, Vienna ( Austria), is lost. Clava dollfusi Hoernes 1901 is a subjective junior synonym, based on a specimen from the Styrian Basin with close-set, rounded nodes. Cerithium subcorrugatum d’Orb. was also mentioned by Ģmbel (1861: 754) from the Egerian of Peissenberg ( Germany). This record might refer to Terebralia prolignitarum ( Sacco, 1887) .

Distribution. Earliest records of Terebralia subcorrugata are documented from the late Rupelian of central Iran ( Harzhauser 2004). During the Chattian, Aquitanian and Burdigalian, the species was represented from the Northeastern Atlantic into the Proto-Mediterranean Sea and is documented from France, Italy, Greece and Turkey ( Cossmann & Peyrot 1922; Lozouet et al. 2001a; Esu & Girotti 2010; Thivaiou et al. 2019). In the Central Paratethys, it had a very limited distribution, being recorded only from few early/middle Badenian (Langhian) localities. We are not aware of Langhian occurrences in the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Thus, the Paratethys might have acted as Langhian refuge for Terebralia subcorrugata .

Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Styrian Basin: Gamlitz ( Austria) ( Hilber 1879a); Pannonian Basin: Várpalota ( Hungary) ( Strausz 1954; Kecskemétiné K̂rmendy 1962); Mehadia Basin: Valea Bela Reca ( Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968).

NortheasternAtlantic. Aquitanian: Aquitaine Basin:Lariey-Saucats ( France)( Cluzaud et al. 2014).Burdigalian: Aquitaine Basin: Saucats ( France) (Cosmann & Peyrot 1922).

Proto-Mediterranean Sea: Chattian (late Oligocene): Otranto ( Italy) ( Esu & Girotti 2010). Isfahan-Sirjan Basin: Abadeh ( Iran) ( Harzhauser 2004), Aquitanian (Early Miocene): Mesohellenic Basin: Felli ( Greece) ( Thivaiou et al. 2019).

Genus Ptychopotamides Sacco, 1895

Type species. Murex tricinctus Brocchi, 1814 . Original designation by Sacco (1895: 44). Pliocene, Italy.

Original diagnosis. “ Questa nuovo sottogenere è proposto per Potamides longo-turriti , non varicosi, a labbro poco espanso, con ornamentazione di tre cingoli granulosi, ecc., cioè con carateri che li avvicinano molto nel complesso ai tipici Potamides , mentre che per forte piega columellare, disposizione dell’aperture, ecc. Meglio avvicinansi ai Tympanontomus.” [This new subgenus is proposed for a long-turriform Potamides without varices, with a slightly expanded lip, with ornamentation of three granular spiral cords, etc., i.e., with characters that place it in the Potamides complex, whereas the strong columellar fold, the position of the aperture, etc. place it closer to Tympanontomus] ( Sacco 1895: 44).

Revised description. Large, slender conical shell with low, flat-sided whorls separated by indistinct suture. Protoconch unknown. Sculpture of three densely spaced spiral rows of close set, rounded beads. No distinct axial ribs on late teleoconch whorls. Base flat with few, weakly beaded spiral cords. Columella straight with distinct columellar fold. Aperture not preserved but probably simple, subquadratic without flaring outer lip and without denticles. Inner lip moderately thickened, slightly expanding on base adapically attached to base. Anterior siphonal canal short, moderately narrow, twisted.

Stratigraphy and paleogeography. The genus appears during the Ypresian and Lutetian in the northeastern Atlantic with species, such as Ptychopotamides doncieuxi ( Cossmann, 1923) , Ptychopotamides praecinctus ( Cossmann, 1889) and P. lamarckianus ( Le Renard, 1994) [= Potamides (Ptychopotamides) cinctus sensu Cossmann & Peyrot, 1911 ]. During the Rupelian it was represented in Proto-Mediterranean Sea by Ptychopotamides conjunctoturris ( Sacco, 1895) . During the Chattian, Ptychopotamides cinctus spread in the Proto-Mediterranean Sea and the Central Paratethys. Ptychopotamides cinctus was distributed in the northeastern Atlantic and Central Paratethys during the early and Middle Miocene. The last representative of the genus is Ptychopotamides tricinctus ( Brocchi, 1814) from the Mediterranean Sea, which is recorded from the Zanclean (Pliocene) to the Gelasian (Pleistocene) ( Pinna & Spezia 1978; Brunetti 2013).

Ecology. Stable isotope data of Latal et al. (2006) suggest that Ptychopotamides cinctus settled oligohaline mudflats and swamps. This interpretation is supported by monospecific occurrences of this species in lignitic clay in vicinity of Taxodiaceae and Avicenna and in inner tidal flat deposits ( Harzhauser et al. 2015; Zuschin et al. 2014). All available specimens of P. cinctus show damaged apertures by decapod predation.

Discussion. This genus is recognized easily by its slender conical outline and characteristic sculpture of close-set rounded nodes, arranged in three spiral rows. Compared to other Potamididae , Ptychopotamides species display only a moderate variability and deformed specimens are relatively rare.

Harzhauser (2002), Harzhauser et al. (2015) and Brunetti (2013) accepted Ptychopotamides at genus rank. Reid et al. (2008) and Lozouet (2013), however, treated Ptychopotamides as subjective junior synonym of Potamides Brongniart, 1810 . Ptychopotamides differs from Potamides in its columellar fold and by its straight-sided whorls. Moreover, it can be followed as distinct lineage from the Ypresian to the Pleistocene. Therefore, we treat Ptychopotamides as distinct genus.

Species-level taxa placed in Ptychopotamides reported from the Paratethys cinctus . Cerithium . Bruguière, 1792 → Ptychopotamides cinctus (Bruguière, 1792) conjunctoturris . Potamides . auctores → Ptychopotamides cinctus (Bruguière, 1792) grundensis . Potamides (Ptychopotamides) . Sacco, 1895 → Ptychopotamides cinctus (Bruguière, 1792) papaveraceum . Cerithium de Basterot, 1825 → Ptychopotamides cinctus (Bruguière, 1792) pappi . Potamides (Ptychopotamides) . Gábor, 1936 → Ptychopotamides cinctus (Bruguière, 1792) quinquecinctum . Cerithium (Ptychopotamides) . Schaffer, 1912

→ Terebralia lignitarum ( Eichwald, 1830) tricinctum . Cerithium . auctores → Ptychopotamides cinctus (Bruguière, 1792)