Terebralia lignitarum ( Eichwald, 1830 )

Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr & Landau, Bernard, 2023, A revision and nomenclator of the Cainozoic mudwhelks (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Batillariidae, Potamididae) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia), Zootaxa 5272 (1), pp. 1-241 : 97-100

Terebralia lignitarum ( Eichwald, 1830)

Figs 15A–C, 16A–B, H, I, 17B

* C [erithium]. lignitarum m.— Eichwald 1830: 224.

Cerithium bidentatum Defrance — Grateloup 1832: 271, nr. 277.

C [erithium]. lignitarum Eichwald — Pusch 1836: 527.

C [erithium]. ampullosum Brongn. — Pusch 1836: 528 [non Brongniart, 1823].

Cerithium lignitarum — Hauer 1837: 419.

Cerithium Coquandianum — Matheron 1843: 245, pl. 40, fig. 5.

C [erithium]. bidentatum Defr. — Grateloup 1846: plate captions, pl. 2/17, fig. 15.

[ Cerithium ] lignitarum Eichw. — Ĥrnes 1848: 21.

Cerithium lignitarum m— Eichwald 1851: 85, pl. 7, fig. 20.

Cerithium lignitarum m.— Eichwald 1852: 2, pl. 7, fig. 20.

Cerithium lignitarum — Naumann 1852: plate captions, pl. 69, fig. 24.

Cerith [ium]. lignitarum m.— Eichwald 1853: 146.

Cerithium lignitarum Eichw. — Ĥrnes 1855: 398, pl. 42, figs 1–3.

Cerithium lignitarum —Quenstedt 1884: 488, pl. 204, figs 32–35, 38–40.

Cerithium lignitarum Eichw. — Handmann 1888: 70, pl. 4 fig. 38.

Cerithium lignitarum Eichwald —Procházka 1895: 81, text-fig. 15.

[ Potamides (Terebralia) lignitarum ] var. margaritifera Sacc. — Sacco 1895: 53.

Potamides (Pyrazus) bidentatus Defr. ( Cerithium lignitarum Eichw. )— Bauer 1900: 28, pl. 1, figs 8–9.

Clava Holleri nov. form.— Hoernes 1901: 323, fig. 5.

Terebralia Vignali Cossm. — Cossmann 1906: 125, pl. 10, fig. 14.

Cerithium ( Clava ?) lignitarum Eichw. — Friedberg 1907: 11, pl. 1, figs 3a–b.

Cerithium (Clava) bidentatum (Defrance) — Schaffer 1908: 115, pl. 11, fig. 22.

Cerithium (Clava) bidentatum Defr. var. fusiformis Schff. — Schaffer 1912: 155, pl. 52, figs 4–6.

Terebralia bidentata Defr. — Friedberg 1914: 295, pl. 18, figs 5–7, text-figs 65–66.

Cerithium lignitarum Eichw. —Andrussov 1917: 229, pl. 15, fig. 26, pl. 17, fig. 82.

Cerithium bidentatum Defr. —Schaffer in Salomon 1926: 430, pl. 16, fig. 12.

Terebralia bidentata Defr. —Friedberg 1928: 600, text-fig 86a.

Terebralia bidentata Defr. (Grat) — Friedberg 1936: 474, pl. 22, figs 1–11.

Terebralia bidentata Defr. angustata Friedb.— Friedberg 1936: 475, pl. 22, fig. 8.

Cerithium cf. lignitarum Eichw. — Zhizhchenko 1937: 109, pl. 4, fig. 26.

Terebralia bidentata (Defr. in Grat.) margaritifera Sacco— Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 29, pl. 1, fig. 17.

Terebralia bidentata forma aberrans— Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 30, pl. 1, fig. 16.

Terebralia bidentata Defrance, 1818 — Korobkov 1951: 98, pl. 9, figs 8–8a.

Terebralia bidentata Grat. — Strausz 1954: 16, pl. 1, fig. 21, pl. 3, fig. 21.

Terebralia bidentata margaritifera Sacco, 1895 — Strausz 1955a: 33, pl. 2, figs 18–21, pl. 3, figs 22–23, 27–28.

Terebralia bidentata vignali Cossmann, 1906 — Strausz 1955a: 35, 154, pl. 3, fig. 24.

Terebralia lignitarum Eichw. — Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 28, figs 24–25, pl. 29, figs 1–2.

Terebralia lignitarum Eichwald, 1830 — Moisescu 1955: 121, pl. 10, figs 6–7.

T [erebralia]. bidentata fusiformis (Schff.)— Sieber 1958: 136.

Terebralia bidentata lignitarum (Eichwald) — Švagrovský 1959: 222, pl. 12, fig. 4.

Terebralia bidentata (Defr.) — Stevanović & Milošević 1959: 95, pl. 3, fig. 6.

Terebralia (Terebralia) bidentata var. lignitarum ( Eichwald 1853) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 109, pl. 31, fig. 22.

Terebralia bidentata Defr. — Florei 1961: 683, pl. 7, fig. 50.

Terebralia praebidentata Seneš — Seneš 1965: 66 [nomen nudum].

Potamides (Terebralia) bidentatus Defrance (in Grateloup), (1832) 1840— Strausz 1966: 160, text-fig. 67c.

Potamides (Terebralia) bidentatus margaritifer Sacco, 1895 — Strausz 1966: 160, pl. 6, figs 10–14, pl. 10, figs 12–13.

Potamides (Terebralia) bidentatus vignali Cossmann, 1906 — Strausz 1966: 161, pl. 10, fig. 14.

Potamides (Terebralia) bidentatus lignitarum Eichwald, (1830) 1853 — Strausz 1966: 162, pl. 6, figs 3–9.

Terebralia lignitarum lingnitarum [sic] ( Eichwald, 1853)—Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 128, pl. 30, figs 12–13.

Terebralia bidentata cingulatior ( Sacco, 1895) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 129, pl. 30, figs 15–16.

Terebralia andrzejowskii mehadiensis n. ssp. —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 129, pl. 31, figs 1a–d.

Terebralia bidentata Defrance, 1818 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 161, pl. 39, figs 25–26.

Terebralia bidentata bidentata (Defrance in Grateloup. 1840)—Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 127, pl. 30, figs 10–11.

Terebralia bidentata bidentata (Grateloup) —Tejkal et al. 1969: 195, pl. 9B, fig. 13.

Terebralia bidentata (Defrance) — Bałuk 1970: 117, pl. 10, figs 2–3.

Terebralia bidentata bidentata Defr. — Stancu et al. 1971: 125, pl. 8, fig. 11.

Terebralia bidentata fusiformis ( Schaffer 1912) — Steininger et al. 1971: 380, pl. 6, fig. 4.

Terebralia praebidentata nov. sp. —Seneš in Steininger et al. 1971: 380, pl. 6, figs 1–2.

Terebralia (Terebralia) sp.— Moisescu 1972: 94, pl. 31, fig. 1.

Potamides (Terebralia) bidentatus lignitarum Eichwald — Nicorici 1972: 139, pl. 15, figs 6–7.

Terebralia lignitarum (Eichw.) — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 21, pl. 3, fig. 14.

Terebralia bidentata margaritifera Sacco — Bohn-Havas 1973: 1044, pl. 4, figs 3–4.

Potamides (Terebralia) bidentata lignitarum Eichwald (1830) 1853 — Nicorici & Sagatovici 1973: 168, pl. 24, figs 6–7.

Terebralia bidentata lignitarum (Eichw.) — Ali-Zade 1974: 113, pl. 38, figs 6–8.

Terebralia bidentata (Defrance in Grateloup, 1840)— Bałuk 1975: 133, pl. 15, figs 16–17.

Terebralia lignitarum ( Eichwald, 1830) — Švagrovský 1981: 135, pl. 41, fig. 8.

Terebralia lignitarum ( Eichwald, 1830) — Švagrovský 1982: 24, pl. 6, figs 5–6.

Terebralia lignitara ( Eichwald, 1830) — Iljina 1993: 76, pl. 9, figs 19–20.

Terebralia bidentata (Defrance in Grateloup, 1840)— Iljina 1993: 76, pl. 9, figs 21–22.

Terebralia bidentata lignitarum (Eichwald) — Ionesi & Nicorici 1994: 61, pl. 4, figs 19–22.

Terebralia bidentata (Defr. in Grat.)— Goncharova & Iljina 1997: 68, unnumbered plate, fig. 36.

Terebralia bidentata bidentata (Defrance) — Schultz 1998: 54, pl. 20, fig. 17.

Terebralia bidentata bidentata (Defrance in Grateloup)— Popa & Chira 1999: 400, pl. 2, fig. 1.

Terebralia bidentata (Defrance in Grateloup, 1840)—Harzhauser 2002: 75, pl. 2, figs 1–2.

? Terebralia cf. bidentata (Grateloup 1847) —Pfister & Wegm̧ller 2007: 91, pl. 7, figs 9–13.

Terebralia bidentata (Defrance in Grateloup, 1840)— Mikuž 2009: 19, pl. 4, fig. 58.

Terebralia lignitarum ( Eichwald, 1830) — Landau et al. 2013: 51, pl. 4, fig. 11.

Type material. Lectotype designated herein: PM SPSU 3 /292, SL: 43 mm, MD: 15 mm, St. Petersburg State University , Paleontological Museum ( Russia); specimen illustrated in Eichwald (1851: pl. 7, fig. 20), Figs 16A 1 – A 2.

Type locality. Zalistsi ( Ukraine) .

Stratigraphy. Middle Miocene, Badenian; from lignites.

Illustrated material. NHMW1851/0002/0057, SL:72.0 mm, MD: 26.5 mm, holotype of Potamides (Terebralia) lignitarum margaritifera Sacco, 1895 , Grund ( Austria), Middle Miocene, Badenian, illustrated in Ĥrnes (1855: pl. 42, fig. 1), Figs 15A 1 –A 2; NHMW 2022/0128/0001, SL: 61.5 mm, MD: 22.6 mm, Guntersdorf ( Austria), Middle Miocene, Badenian, Figs 15B 1 –B 2; NHMW 2022/0129/0001, SL: 58.5 mm, MD: 21.7 mm, Guntersdorf ( Austria), Middle Miocene, Badenian, Figs 15C 1 –C 2; NHMW 1851/0017/1088c, SL: 19.5 mm, MD: 9.6 mm, Touraine ( France), Langhian, Fig. 17B; NHMW 1999z0004/0005, SL: 60.2 mm, MD: 17.7 mm, stored in the Natural History Museum Vienna ( Austria), lectotype of Cerithium (Clava) bidentatum fusiformis Schaffer, 1912, illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 52, fig. 5), Figs 16H 1 –H 2. NHMW 2022/0130/0001, Ritzing ( Austria), SL: 43 mm, MD: 18 mm, Fig. 16B. Lectotype (designated herein) of Cerithium bidentatum Grateloup, 1832 , UBST Nr. 65-2-161, University Bordeaux ( France), SL: 74.5 mm, MD: 21.0 mm, Burdigalian, St-Paul-lès-Dax ( France), illustrated in Grateloup (1846: pl. 2/17, fig. 15), Figs 16I 1 –I 2.

Studied material. Karpatian (Early Miocene): 4 spec., NHMW 2022/0043/0001, Laa an der Thaya ( Austria) ; 25 spec., NHMW 1976/1785/0006, Kleinebersdorf ( Austria) . Badenian ( Middle Miocene ) : 1 spec., NHMW 1847/0037/0090, Baden ( Austria) , Middle Miocene, Badenian, illustrated in Ĥrnes (1855: pl. 42, fig. 2); 16 spec., NHMW 1884/0018/1609, Guntersdorf ( Austria) ; 4 spec., NHMW 2022/0033/0001, Guntersdorf ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 2022/0025/0002, Guntersdorf ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 2022/0033/0001a, Guntersdorf ( Austria) ; 6 spec., NHMW 2022/0026/0002, Grund ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 2022/0034/0001, Várpalota ( Hungary) ; 4 spec., NHMW 1862/0018/0034, Hidas ( Hungary) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1997z0178/0814, Baden ( Austria) ; 4 spec., NHMW 2022/0035/0001, Baden-Sooss ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1997z0178/2032, Várpalota ( Hungary) ; 12 spec., NHMW 1851/0013/0076, Steinebrunn ( Austria) ; 4 spec., NHMW 2022/0036/0001, Bahna ( Romania) . Burdigalian ( Early Miocene ) : 4spec.,NHMW1867/0016/0023, Merignac ( France) ; Middle Miocene: 1spec., NHMW1851/0017/1088a, Touraine ( France) .

Revised description. Large, bulky shell with weakly convex to nearly straight-sided whorls and weakly cyrtoconoid spire; apical angle of early teleoconch ~45°; suture weakly incised. Protoconch consisting of about three convex whorls with two spiral cords in abapical half of whorls, terminating in distinct sinusigera (based on specimens from the Early Miocene of Greece described by Harzhauser & Kowalke 2001). Teleoconch indicated by onset of four spiral cords and prominent axial ribs, forming beads at intersections. Maximum diameter of early teleoconch whorls coinciding with weakly angulated periphery close above incised abapical suture. Apical angle shifting to about 25° on later teleoconch whorls. Later whorls with four distinct spiral cords of close-set rounded beads, axially arranged in weakly opisthocline axial ribs. Fifth spiral cord with beads of variable strength frequently appearing on later whorls close to abapical suture. Sixth spiral cord of weak beads appears in some specimens on latest teleoconch whorls, being largely covered by subsequent whorl. Last whorl high, moderately contracting. Base with about eight to ten beaded spiral cords. Broad, swollen varices appear already on early teleoconch whorls (one per whorl). Aperture broad, ovoid, oblique, opisthocline in lateral view. Columella straight with prominent central columellar fold. Inner lip broad, callus, attached but well delimited from base. Anal canal wide, deeply incised. Outer lip flaring, thickened. Two blunt denticles deep inside aperture corresponding to varices on surface. Siphonal canal deeply incised, strongly twisted and deflected to the left, overlapped by abapical part of outer lip in apertural view.

Synonyms. Several subjective junior synonyms have been established for Terebralia lignitarum for Paratethyan specimens. Potamides (Terebralia) lignitarum margaritifera Sacco, 1895 was established by Sacco (1895) for the specimen from Grund ( Austria) illustrated by Ĥrnes (1855, pl. 42, fig. 1), but there is no conchological feature to justify a separation of this shell from T. lignitarum . Similarly, Potamides lignitarum cingulatior Sacco, 1888 , used by Hinculov in Iliescu et al. (1968) for a Paratethyan occurrence, is a subjective junior synonym of T. lignitarum .

Cerithium (Clava) bidentatum fusiformis Schaffer, 1912 was established for relatively slender morphs of T. lignitarum . Terebralia andrzejowskii mehadiensis Hinculov in Iliescu, Hinculov & Hinculov, 1968 is based on specimens of T. lignitarum with delicate sculpture and weak varices. Clava holleri Hoernes, 1901 represents a pathologic specimen with strongly incised suture and aberrant axial sculpture on early whorls. Terebralia bidentata angustata Friedberg, 1936 was based on a single, poorly preserved specimen and represents a slender morph of T. lignitarum . Terebralia vignali Cossmann, 1906 is based on a spire fragment of a very bulky Terebralia lignitarum from the Late Miocene of Hérault ( France) ( Cossmann 1906). The name was also used by Strausz (1955 a, 1966) for Paratethyan specimens.

Discussion. Unfortunately, the specimen described by Eichwald (1851) represents a dwarf form with reduced varices. Nevertheless, it has a high last whorl, separating it from Terebralia duboisi ( Ĥrnes, 1855) . In contrast to Harzhauser (2002), we consider T. lignitarum and T. duboisi two distinct species, although both species usually co-occur in Karpatian and Badenian localities. Fully grown shells of Terebralia lignitarum and Terebralia duboisi are easily distinguished: Terebralia lignitarum has a bulky, broad conical shell with broad, prominent varices and a high, conical last whorl, whereas T. duboisi has a comparatively more slender conical shell with weak varices, a short, rapidly contracting last whorl and a much weaker columellar fold. Moreover, the beads of T. lignitarum are generally larger and the abapical denticle of T. duboisi is in a more basal position. Nevertheless, aberrant shells and dwarf forms may be difficult to identify. For a detailed discussion on the complex nomenclatorial history of both species see Landau et al. (2013). For the first time, we re-illustrate the lectotype of Cerithium bidentatum Grateloup, 1832 from the Early Miocene of France ( Figs 16I 1 –I 2) to facilitate direct comparison between the various namebearing types. The specimen represents a slender morph with coarse sculpture.

The demarcation between the embryonic and larval shells and the presence of a sinusigera notch, suggests a planktonic veliger stage ( Harzhauser & Kowalke 2001).

Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): Western Carpathians: Veľká Čausa ( Slovakia) (Seneš in Steininger et al. 1973); North Alpine Foreland Basin: Gauderndorf ( Austria) ( Schaffer 1912);?Eggenburgian/ Ottnangian:Belpberg, Schwendlbad,Trockenmatt ( Switzerland)(Pfister &Wegm̧ller2007).Karpatian: Korneuburg Basin: Gebmannsberg, Grossrussbach, Helfens, Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf, Niederkreuzstetten, Ŗckersdorf, Stetten, Weinsteig ( Austria) (Harzhauser 2002).

Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1975); Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya (Lviv Region, Ukraine); Nowy Sącz Basin: Niskowa ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1970); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Kosiv, Zalistsi, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha (Ternopil Region, Ukraine), Rîbnița ( Moldova) (Friedberg 1928, 1936); Brykiv (Ternopil Region), Lisovody, Maliivtsi (Khmel'nytskyi Region, Ukraine) ( Pusch 1836). North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund ( Austria) ( Ĥrnes 1855); Vienna Basin: Baden, Gainfarn, Berndorf (St. Veit an der Triesting), Steinebrunn, Vienna /P̂tzleinsdorf, Vienna /Mauer ( Austria) ( Ĥrnes 1855; Handmann 1888); Borský Mikuláš, Devínska Nová Ves ( Slovakia) ( Švagrovský 1981, 1982); Styrian Basin: Oisnitz ( Austria) ( Hoernes 1901); Krka Basin; Gorenje Mokro Polje ( Slovenia) ( Mikuž 2009); Pannonian Basin: Várpalota, Hidas, Szob ( Hungary) ( Strausz 1966); Bükk Mountains: Bóta ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Zarand Basin: Minişul de Sus ( Nicorici & Sagatovici 1973); Southern Carpathians: Crivienni-Pătârlagele ( Romania) ( Ionesi & Nicorici 1994); Mehadia Basin: Valea Satului, Valea Bela Reca, Valea Calvei, Valea Globului (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Transylvanian Basin: Buitur ( Romania) ( Moisescu 1955); Dacian Basin: Dobrusha, Opanets (= Opansko byrdo) ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Eastern Paratethys. Tarkhanian (Middle Miocene): Ciscaucasia: Yaman-Dzhalga [reworked in Chokrakian] (Stavropol Krai, Russia).Konkian: Mangistau Region ( Kazakhstan), ravine Deppe ( Zhizhchenko 1937); Ciscaucasia: Pivol'nyi (= so named Mount Dubrovaya) [reworked in Volhynian] (Stavropol Krai, Russia); Transcaucasia: Agara, Serbaisi, Tiniskhidi, Udzharma ( Georgia) ( Iljina 1993); Transcaspian Region: Aksengir Mountain, well Dakhly, Sarykamysh Depression ( Kazakhstan) ( Zhgenti 1981, 1991; Iljina 1993; Zhgenti & Maissuradze 2016).

Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Mesohellenic Basin ( Greece) ( Harzhauser & Kowalke 2001; Thivaiou et al. 2019); Erzincan and Sivas basins ( Turkey) ( Stchepinsky 1946); Burdigalian–Langhian (Early/ Middle Miocene): Colli Torinesi ( Italy) ( Sacco 1895); Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin ( Turkey) (Eŗnal-Erent̂z 1958; Landau et al. 2013); Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin ( Italy) (Davoli 1990; Vazzana & Cecalupo 2007; d’Amico et al. 2012); Crete ( Greece) ( Dermitzakis 1972).

Northeastern Atlantic. Aquitanian-Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin ( France) ( Cossmann & Peyrot 1922; Lozouet et al. 2001a); Langhian (Middle Miocene): Loire Basin ( France) ( Glibert, 1949); Serravallian: Aquitaine Basin ( France) ( Cossmann & Peyrot 1922); Tortonian (Late Miocene): Cacela Basin ( Portugal) ( Pereira da Costa 1867).