Lophostoma kalkoae, Velazco & Gardner, 2012

Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 444-583 : 503

29.

Kalko’s Round-eared Bat

Lophostoma kalkoae

French: Lophostome de Kalko / German: Kalko-Rundohrblattnase / Spanish: Lofostoma de Kalko

Taxonomy. Lophostoma kalkoae Velazco & Gardner, 2012 ,

“Pipeline Road, ncar the former Limbo Hunt Club (9°9’50”N, 79°45’10”W), Soberania National Park, Colén Province, Panama.” This species is monotypic.

Distribution. Currently known only from type locality in Soberania National Park, Panama.

Descriptive notes. Tail 8-9 mm and 8-4 mm, hindfoot 12: 8 mm and 12-5 mm, forearm 45-8 mm and 44-6 mm, greatest length of skull 23-8 mm and 23-2 mm (all measurements from holotype and paratype, respectively). No specific data available for headbody length or body weight. Kalko’s Round-eared Bat is medium-sized and larger than the Pygmy Round-eared Bat ( L. brasiliense ) but smaller than Davis’s Round-eared Bat ( L. evotis ), the Western Round-eared Bat (L. occidentale), and the White-throated Roundeared Bat ( L. silvicola ). All measurements overlap with those of Carriker’s Round-eared Bat (L. carrikert) and Schulz’s Round-eared Bat ( L. schulzi ). Kalko’s Round-eared Batis easily identified by plain white ventral fur that runs acrossits chest, which is restricted laterally over abdomen by pale brown fur on flanks. Gular fur is dark brown. Post-auricular patches are connected to white fur on chest by thin line of pale fur. Dorsal pelageis long, dark brown, and tricolored, with very short pale to whitish terminal bands. Ventrally, proximal one-third of forearm is covered with long pale hair. Skull is constricted postorbitally, and lateral projection of mastoid region is less developed than in other species of Lophostoma . Females have an elongated clitoris and swollen labia. Dental formula for species of Lophostomais12/1,C1/1,P2/3,M 3/3 (x2) = 32.

Habitat. Tropical rainforest (type locality).

Food and Feeding. Kalko’s Round-eared Bat is a gleaning insectivore. It prefers large insects such as beetles,crickets, cicadas, katydids, and other arthropods. Both live individuals in the type series ate katydids during captivity.

Breeding. No information.

Activity patterns. Kalko’s Round-eared Bat is nocturnal. As its congeners,it roosts in hollowed hymenopteran nests; both individuals in the type series were collected in an abandoned Azteca ant ( Azteca sp.) nest, hanging in a tree c. 12 m aboveground. Observations on its congeners suggest that only single adult males construct the nest cavity. It is thought that behavior, bite performance, and possibly even morphology of all species of Lophostoma have been shaped as a result of adaptations to excavate roosts. Echolocation calls recorded during captivity showed a typical phyllostomid call, with steep FM, multiharmonic calls and main energy in higher harmonics.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. From records on other species of Lophostoma , social system of Kalko’s Round-eared Bat probably has a harem structure, based on resource-defense polygyny where males offer roosts as a resource to females. Captured individuals of species of Lophostoma , in contrast to those of Tonatia , fold their ears back against their head when handled.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCNRed List. Kalko’s Roundeared Bat was a recently described, and its ecology and natural history are not well known.

Bibliography. Camacho et al. (2016), Velazco & Gardner (2012).

Figures

24. Long-legged Bat (Macrophyllum macrophyllum), 25. Fringe-lipped Bat (Trachops cirrhosus), 26. Striped Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris crenulatum), 27. Keenan's Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris keenani), 28. Koepcke’s Hairy-nosed Bat (Gardnerycteris koepckeae), 29. Kalko’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma kalkoae), 30. Pygmy Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma brasiliense), 31. Carriker’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma carrikeri), 32. Schulz’s Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma schulzi), 33. Western Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma occidentale), 34. Davis's Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma evotis), 35. White-throated Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma silvicola), 36. Greater Round-eared Bat (Tonatia bidens), 37. Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat (Tonatia saurophila), 38. Pale-faced Bat (Phylloderma stenops), 39. Pale Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus discolor), 40. Lesser Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus elongatus), 41. Greater Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus hastatus), 42. Guianan Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus latifolius), 43. Woolly False Vampire Bat (Chrotopterus auritus), 44. Southern Golden Bat (Mimon bennettii), 45. Cozumelan Golden Bat (Mimon cozumelae), 46. Spectral Bat (Vampyrum spectrum)

Distribution. Currently known only from type locality in Soberania National Park, Panama .