Polypedilum (Polypedilum) kaingangi Pinho, Mendes et Andersen

Pinho, Luiz Carlos, Mendes, Humberto Fonseca, Andersen, Trond & Marcondes, Carlos Brisola, 2013, Bromelicolous Polypedilum Kieffer from South Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae), Zootaxa 3652 (5), pp. 569-581 : 570-575

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) kaingangi Pinho, Mendes et Andersen n. sp.

( Figs 1–16 )

Polypedilum sp. n. 2 Pinho et al. (2005).

Type material. Holotype male with larval and pupal exuviae, BRAZIL: Santa Catarina State, Florianópolis, Unidade de Conservação Ambiental Desterro (UCAD), 27°3 1’51”S, 48°30’44”W, 20.v.2004, in Nidularium innocentii, L.C. Pinho & C.B. Marcondes (MZSP). Paratypes: 4 males with larval and pupal exuviae, same data as holotype, except for: 28.ix.2004, Code A1; 24.x.2003, Code B8; 13.xi.2003, Code B12; 06.x.2003, Code B145. 1 male with pupal exuviae, same data as holotype, except for: 09.v.2002, Code N32. 3 males, same data as holotype, except for: 03–24.x.2003, emergence trap, Code 46; 03–24.x.2003, Emergence trap, Code 39; 19.ix–03.x.2003, emergence trap, Code 19. 4 females with larval and pupal exuviae, same data as holotype, except for: 03.x.2003, Code S5; 05.iii.2004, Code B26; 10.xi.2003, in Vriesea vagans, Code H 6; 12.ix.2003, in Vriesea vagans, Code H 4. 1 female, same data as holotype, except for: 04–19.ix.2003, emergence trap, Code 9.

Etymology. The name kaingangi refers to the Kaingang Indians, a native ethnic group from South Brazil.

Diagnostic characters. The male can be recognized on the combination of a highly setose clypeus (63–78 setae); superior volsella with well developed bare digitus without stout, lateral seta; scale of foretibia with pointed apex; wing without dark markings; slender anal point; and inferior volsella with more than 5 setae. The female can also be separated from other described Neotropical species on the translucent wings, highly setose clypeus (62–87 setae), and the large bluntly triangular dorsomesal lobe of the genitalia. The pupa by the combination of having spinules only on conjuctives III–IV and IV–V, and only anterior transverse bands of shagreen on tergites VII and VIII. The shape of mentum combined with pecten epipharyngis consisting of three scales with small teeth and the shape of the antenna will separate the larvae from the larvae of the remaining Neotropical species.

Description. Male (n = 8–9, except when otherwise stated). Total length 3.53–4.76, 4.14 mm. Wing length 1.73–2.06, 1.96 mm. Total length / wing length 2.02–2.41, 2.21. Wing length / length of profemur 1.76–1.91, 1.86. Coloration. Head brown. Thorax light brown with darker median vittae, postnotum, scutellum, anepisternum and dorsal one-third of preepisternum; halteres light brown. Legs yellowish. Abdominal segments entirely brown.

Head ( Fig. 1 ). Frontal tubercles absent. AR 1.14–1.34, 1.22; ultimate flagellomere 505–627, 580 μm long. Temporal setae 9–13, 11; including 2–3, 2 inner verticals; 5–6, 5 outer verticals; and 2–5, 3 postorbitals. Clypeus with 63–78, 70 setae. Tentorium 121–175, 157 μm long; 28–43, 33 μm wide. Palpomere lengths (in μm): 30–51, 40; 40–51, 48; 104–142, 124; 127–154, 144; 192–256, 235. Third palpomere with 3–6, 4 sensilla clavata; longest 10–20, 18 μm long.

Wing ( Fig. 2 ). VR 1.15–1.24, 1.19 (7). Brachiolum with 2–3, 2 setae. R with 19–28, 23 (7) setae; R1 with 13– 24, 18 (7) setae; R4+5 with 21–41, 29 setae. Squama with 5–9, 6 (6) setae. Anal lobe weakly developed.

Thorax ( Fig 3 ). Scutum without tubercle. Antepronotals absent; dorsocentrals 13–21, 17; acrostichals 10–20, 16; prealars 3–5, 4. Scutellum with 7–8, 7 setae, uniserial.

Legs. Scale of foretibia 48–59, 54 μm long, rounded, apically pointed ( Fig. 4 ). Spur of midtibia 54–64, 59 μm long; including 21–27, 25 μm long comb. Spur of hind tibia 54–70, 64 μm long; including 21–27, 25 μm long comb. Width at apex of foretibia 54–70, 64 μm; of midtibia 64–75, 70 μm; of hind tibia 70–86, 80 μm. Lengths (in μm) and proportions of legs as in Table 1.

fe ti ta1 ta2

p1 907–1122, 1010 627–814, 729 1131–1328, 1206 627–748, 683

p2 870–1169, 1038 748–935, 851 533–655, 598 281–374, 327

p3 1038–1375, 1244 804–1038, 963 711–888, 832 393–496, 449

ta3 ta4 ta5 LR

p1 430–533, 477 327–439, 383 122–168, 140 1.55–1.85, 1.72

p2 196–271, 234 112–150, 131 65–84, 75 0.62–0.80, 0.71

p3 327–421, 374 187–243, 215 84–103, 94 0.84–0.91, 0.87

BV SV BR

p1 1.67–1.75, 1.72 1.32–1.50, 1.39 2.4–3.6, 3.1

p2 3.11–3.81, 3.32 2.77–3.64, 3.15 3.3–5.4, 4.4

p3 0.84–0.91, 0.87 2.60–2.99, 2.71 2.38–2.69, 2.64 Hypopygium ( Figs 5–6 ). Tergite IX with 15–29, 22 median setae. Anal tergite band well developed. Laterosternite with 1–4, 3 setae. Anal point 89–96, 91 μm long, slender, tapering, with lateral setae basally. Phallapodeme 81–124, 99 (7) μm long; transverse sternapodeme 46–71, 53 (7) μm long. Gonocoxite 185–228, 202 μm long. Total length of superior volsella including apical projection 89–106, 94 μm; without lateral seta; apical projection 51–71, 63 μm long. Inferior volsella slender, 124–147, 134 μm long; with 1 strong apical seta projecting caudad, and 8–12, 10 orally directed setae. Gonostylus 175–220, 197 μm long. HR 0.86–1.15, 1.03; HV 1.89–2.52, 2.19.

Female (n = 4–5, except when otherwise stated). Total length 2.76–3.53 (3) mm. Wing length 1.83–2.34, 2.09 mm. Total length / wing length 1.37–1.51 (3). Wing length / length of profemur 1.84–1.96, 1.92.

Coloration. Head brown. Thorax light brown with darker median vittae, postnotum, scutellum, anepisternum and dorsal one-third of preepisternum; halteres light brown. Legs yellowish. Abdominal segments entirely brown.

Head. Frontal tubercles absent. AR 0.44–0.49, 0.46. Temporal setae 9–13, 11; including 2–3, 2 inner verticals; 5–7, 6 outer verticals; and 1–3, 2 postorbitals. Clypeus with 62–87, 78 setae. Tentorium 152–180, 167 μm long; 28–38, 30 μm wide. Palpomere lengths (in μm): 38–56, 43; 43–56, 48; 119–149, 129; 129–170, 149; 235–261, 248. Third palpomere with 4–7, 5 sensilla clavata; longest 23–28, 25 μm long.

Wing. VR 1.08–1.17, 1.15. Brachiolum with 2–3, 2 setae. R with 22–35, 26 setae; R1 with 19–21, 20 setae; R4+5 with 38–51, 44 setae. Squama with 4–7, 5 setae. Anal lobe weakly developed.

Thorax. Scutum with tubercle. Antepronotals absent; dorsocentrals 15–22, 19; acrostichals 16–18, 17; prealars 4–5, 5. Scutellum with 4–11, 8 setae, uniserial.

Legs. Scale of foretibia 43–59, 54 μm long, rounded, apically pointed. Spur of midtibia 59–70, 64 μm long; including 21–27, 23 μm long comb. Spur of hind tibia 64–75, 70 μm long; including 21–27, 25 μm long comb. Width at apex of foretibia 59–80, 70 μm; of midtibia 64–80, 75 μm; of hind tibia 80–91, 86 μm. Lengths (in μm) and proportions of legs as in Table 2.

fe ti ta1 ta2

p1 954–1272, 1094 701–916, 776 1216–1421 (2) 729–832 (2)

p2 1038–1197, 1131 852–1075, 935 580–636, 617 290–327, 318

p3 1244–1487, 1328 963–1225, 1057 814–935, 860 439–477, 458

ta3 ta4 ta5 LR

p1 514–645 (2) 337–421 (2) 122–168 (2) 1.72–1.74 (2)

p2 206–234, 224 103–131, 122 56–75, 65 0.66–0.72, 0.68

p3 365–411, 393 187–224, 215 75–94, 84 0.84–0.88, 0.85

BV SV BR

p1 1.69–1.74 (2) 1.36–1.39 (2) 2.5–2.8 (2)

p2 3.47–3.67, 3.61 3.03–3.40, 3.24 3.5–5.0, 4.1

p3 2.71–2.83, 2.77 2.65–2.72, 2.68 4.3–5.7, 4.9 Abdomen. Tergite II with 32 (1), III with 35 (1), IV with 37 (1), V with 34 (1), VI with 26 (1), VII with 25 (1), VIII with 8 (1) setae.

Genitalia ( Figs 7–8 ). Gonocoxapodeme well sclerotized, nearly straight, reaching basis of dorsomesal lobe. Gonocoxite with 3–5, 4 setae. Tergite IX with 18–30, 24 setae. Segment X with 3–5, 4 setae on each side. Postgenital plate triangular. Cercus 114–159, 137 µm long. Dorsomesal lobe large, bluntly triangular. Ventrolateral lobe small, bluntly triangular. Seminal capsules spherical, 71–89, 76 µm long. Notum 18–56, 33 µm long.

Pupa (exuviae, n = 8–10, except when otherwise stated). Total length 4.35–4.82, 4.65 mm.

Coloration. Exuviae pale with margins of wing sheath, leg sheath and thorax anteriorly light brown.

Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome ( Fig. 9 ) triangular, 172–210, 195 µm long; 215, 291, 245 µm wide. Frontal setae 38–56, 46 µm long. Thorax ( Fig. 10 ) 0.94–1.14, 1.05 mm long. Thoracic horn with about 6 branches

Abdomen ( Fig. 11 ). Tergite I bare; tergite II with anterior band of shagreen only; tergite III with strong anterior band and anteromedian patch of fine shagreen; tergites IV–VI with strong anterior band and anteromedian patch and posterior band of fine shagreen; tergites VII and VIII with anterior band of fine shagreen only. Sternites bare. Tergite II with 70–104, 89 hooklets. Pedes spurii A well developed on segment IV. Pedes spurii B well developed on segment II. Anal comb ( Fig. 12 ) with strong apical tooth and 3–4 lateral teeth. Genital sac of male overreaching anal lobe by 90–190 (2) µm.

Abdominal setation. Segment I without L setae; segments II–IV each with 3 non-taeniate L setae; segments V and VI each with 3 taeniate L setae; segments VII and VIII each with 4 taeniate L setae. Fringe of anal lobe with 72–113, 90 taeniae.

Larval exuviae (n = 8–9, except when otherwise stated). Total length not measurable. Head capsule 392–438, 420 µm long. Postmentum 228–266, 248 µm long.

Coloration. Head capsule yellowish brown with postoccipital margin, teeth of mentum and mandible brownish black.

Head. Antenna as in Figure 15 . Length of antennal segments (in µm): 51–66, 61; 15–20, 18; 10–15, 13; 8–13, 10; 4–5, 5. Blade 38–51, 43 µm long. AR 1.14–1.44, 1.30. Lauterborn organs 5–8, 10 µm long. Pecten epipharyngis ( Fig. 16 ) consisting of 3 platelets, median with 7–9, 8 teeth; lateral each with 8–9, 8 teeth. Premandible 86–94, 91 µm long. Mandible ( Fig. 14 ) 142–162, 149 µm long with apical tooth and 3 inner teeth. Seta subdentalis well developed; seta interna with about 30 branches. Mentum ( Fig. 13 ) 104–119, 114 µm wide, with 8 pairs of mental teeth; first lateral teeth subequal to median and second lateral teeth. Ventromental plate 124– 139, 132 µm wide, without posterior projection, distance between plates 15–20, 18 µm.

Abdomen. Procercus with 12–16 (4) anal setae. Posterior parapods each with 15–17 (4) claws.

Distribution. The species is known from coastal areas in Santa Catarina State, South Brazil.

Remarks. This species was the second most common Polypedilum species in Vriesea vagans (Pinho et al. 2005) ; the most common being Polypedilum (Probolum) marcondesi Pinho et Mendes.

The larva will key to the Polypedilum fallax group in Trivinho-Strixino (2011); as pecten epipharyngis is not illustrated and the phytotelmata habitat not mentioned we can not diagnose this species from the one included in the Brazilian key.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 6. Polypedilum (s. str.) kaingangi sp. n., male. 1 – head. 2 – wing. 3 – thorax. 4 – spur of foretibia. 5 – hypopygium, dorsal view. 6 – hypopygium with tergite IX and anal point removed, dorsal view left, ventral view right.

FIGURES 7 – 8. Polypedilum (s. str.) kaingangi sp. n., female. 7 – genitalia, ventral view. 8 – tergite IX.

FIGURES 9 – 12. Polypedilum (s. str.) kaingangi sp. n., pupa. 9 – frontal apotome. 10 – thorax. 11 – abdominal tergites. 12 – anal comb.

FIGURES 13 – 16. Polypedilum (s. str.) kaingangi sp. n., larva. 13 – mentum. 14 – mandible. 15 – antenna. 16 – pecten epipharyngis.