Caryanda dehongensis Mao, Xu & Yang, 2003

Mao, Ben-Yong, Niu, Yao, Zheng, Zhe-Min & Scott, Matthew B., 2015, Review of the genus Qinshuiacris (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from China with proposal of Caryanda viridis - species group and description of a new species, Zootaxa 3981 (4), pp. 565-576 : 571-572

Caryanda dehongensis Mao, Xu & Yang, 2003

( Figs 15–18 , 24–28 )

Caryanda dehongensis Mao, Xu & Yang, 2003: 172 –174; Mao, Ren & Ou, 2006: 826–827; Mao, Ren & Ou, 2011: 74. Caryanda yini Mao & Ren, 2006: 826 –831. Syn. nov.

Type material examined. Caryanda dehongensis : holotype, male, CHINA: Mangdong, Lianghe County, Yunnan Province, 24°42'N, 98°12'E, 1 Oct. 2002, coll. Yanzhen Li; paratypes, 2 males and 4 females (a male and a female of them having orange rings before hind knee, previously neglected), data same as holotype. Caryanda yini : holotype, male (with orange ring before hind knee), CHINA: Mengxiu, Ruili County, Yunnan Province, 24°04'N, 97°49'E, 3 Aug. 2005, coll. Benyong Mao, Jishan Xu and Haibo Pu. Paratypes, 7 males and 3 females (all with orange rings before hind knees), data same as holotype; 3 males (2 individuals with orange rings before hind knees, another lost hind legs), CHINA: Mt. Gaoligong, Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, 25°10'N, 98°42'E, 7 Aug. 2005, coll. Benyong Mao.

Additional material examined. One female, CHINA: Lianghe County, Yunnan Province, 24°47'N, 98°06'E, 1206 m, 27 Jul. 2010, coll. Xueliang Shi. Fifteen males (5 individuals with orange or yellow rings before hind knees) and 5 females (two individuals with orange rings before hind knees), CHINA: Xinzhai, Longling County, Yunnan Province, 24°36'N, 98°38'E, 1548 m, 26 Jul. 2009, coll. Benyong Mao. One male, CHINA: Banglazhang, Longling County, Yunnan Province, 24°39'N, 98°39'E, 1400 m, 25 Jul. 2009, coll. Benyong Mao. Twenty-five males (3 individuals with orange or yellow rings before hind knees) and 4 females (2 individuals with orange rings before hind knees), CHINA: Xiaoheishan, Longling County, Yunnan Province, 24°31'N, 98°51'E, 1883 m, 2 Aug. 2010, coll. Yazhi Zhang. Eight males (all with orange rings before hind knees) and 7 females (6 individuals with orange rings before hind knees), CHINA: Mt. Gaoligong, Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, 24°51'N, 98°43'E, 20 Sep. 2009, coll. Benyong Mao. Seventeen males (14 individuals with orange or yellow rings before hind knees) and 6 females (5 individuals with orange or yellow rings before hind knees), CHINA: Ruili Rare Botanical Garden, Ruili County, Yunnan Province, 24°04'N, 97°49'E, 1142 m, 1 Aug. 2010, coll. Yazhi Zhang. Fourteen males (13 individuals with orange or yellow rings before hind knees) and 14 females (13 individuals with orange or yellow rings before hind knees), CHINA: Nanjingli, Ruili County, Yunnan Province, 24°06'N, 97°50'E, 1394 m, 2 Aug. 2010, coll. Yazhi Zhang.

Redescription. The species is similar to C. viridis in general characteristics. The differences from the latter are described below.

Head. Antennae with median segment about 2.18–2.90 (2.55, mean, n=6, male) or 1.80–2.27 (2.14, mean, n=6, female) times longer than wide. Eyes oval, longitudinal diameter about 1.41–1.45 (1.42, mean, n=6, male) or 1.48–1.61 (1.53, mean, n=6, female) times as long as horizontal diameter, and about 2.31–2.57 (2.48, mean, n=6, male) or 1.80–2.14 (1.97, mean, n=6, female) times as long as subocular furrow.

Thorax. Pronotum with prozona 2.33–2.85 (2.50, mean, n=6, male) or 2.40–2.85 (2.73, mean, n=6, female) times as long as metazona; lateral lobe with posterior margin moderately concave, posteroventral corner bluntly angular. Mesosternal interspace about 1.59–2.50 (2.07, mean, n=6, male) or 1.25–1.77 (1.53, mean, n=6, female) times longer than minimum width. Tegmina narrow scale-like, 2.55–3.00 (2.82, mean, n=6, male) or 2.73– 3.31 (2.98, mean, n=6, female) times as long as wide. Hind femur with upper carina smooth and terminating in an acute angle; lower genicular lobes spined. Hind tibia with 7–8 external and 9–10 internal spines on dorsal side.

Abdomen. Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal tergite widely divided in middle but contiguous at very base; furculae very small, rarely indicated. Supra-anal plate shield-shaped, width at base weakly larger than or equal to length; basal half with broad median longitudinal sulcus, lateral areas concaved; lateral margins finely risen throughout, faintly contracted in middle; posterior margin broadly triangular before apical flap, apex obtuse. Cerci surpassing apex of supra-anal plate, compressed laterally, gradually narrowing apically, decurved in apical fifth, apex obtuse, inner side distinctly blunt-toothed. Subgenital plate short conical, apex round. Epiphallus bridgeshaped, almost completely divided in middle; outer lophi nearly oblong, apex broad with apical-inner angle subacute or obtuse, dorsad projecting in a 90° angle from bridge in lateral view; inner lophi only indicated; ancorae triangular, apex blunt; anterior projections with posterior sides distinctly or slightly bulging in lateral view ( Figs 15–18 ). Phallic complex with cingular valves divided apically, small, almost shielded by apical penis valves; apical valves of penis slender, apically expanded and almost elongate oval-shaped.

Female genitalia. Subgenital plate with posterior margin nearly straight at both sides, and triangularly protrudent in middle.

Coloration ( Figs 24–27 ). Body generally green to glaucous. Vertex and occiput green to glaucous, usually with a triangular black macula in male. Frons and genae greenish, yellowish green or glaucous; gena with a small black (in male) or brown (in female) stroke below eye; postocular bands black, continued on dorsal area of lateral lobes of pronotum, tegmina and abdominal tergite. Antennae with basal segments light coloured, others dark. Pronotum with disc green to glaucous; lateral lobes with midio-areas yellow, ventral areas and inferior margins black. Tegmina black (in male) or brown (in female). Fore and middle legs yellowish green to yellow. Hind femora greenish to greenish yellow, sometimes with orange or yellow preapical rings; knees black; hind tibiae with base black, rest blue-green or blue. Mesothorax and metathorax respectively with two yellow spots on episterna and epimera. Abdomen with terga green and sterna yellowish brown. Furculae, cerci and apical half of supra-anal plate black in male.

Measurements (mm). Length of body: male 17.3–19.0, female 20.5–22.9; length of pronotum: male 3.3–3.6, female 4.0–4.4; length of tegmen: male 2.7–3.3, female 3.0–4.3; length of hind femur: male 9.7–10.7, female 11.2– 12.3.

Distribution ( Fig. 28 ). China: Yunnan (Lianghe, Tengchong, Ruili, Longling).

Remarks. Caryanda dehongensis Mao, Xu & Yang 2003 was described with 3 males and 4 females from Lianghe (Mangdong) as types. C. yini Mao, Ren & Ou 2006 , described from 10 individuals (8 males and 3 females) from Ruili (Mengxiu) and 4 males from Tengchong (Mt. Gaoligong) as types, mainly differs from C. dehongensis by the presence of a broad orange preapical ring on hind femur. However, after a careful reexamination of all primary types of C. dehongensis , we found that two of them have orange preapical rings on hind femora, which was previously neglected by the original authors. Moreover, specimens subsequently collected near the type locality of the above two species also show variation in the preapical rings on the hind femora, i.e. some individuals of the same population possess orange or yellow rings before the hind knees while the rest do not. According to the original diagnosis, other secondary characteristics distinguishing C. yini from C. dehongensis are “the male supra anal plate shorter, the bridge of epiphallus partly divided and the posterior margin of anterior projection less bulging as well as the posterior margin of female subgenital plate undulated”. However, these characteristics have also shown some variations among individuals from the same geographic population. Consequently, these features are unreliable for delimiting the species C. yini , and C. yini is recognized herein as a new junior synonym of C. dehongensis .

Figures

FIGURE 28. Localities of the Caryanda viridis - species group species.

FIGURES 15 – 18. Epiphallus in dorsad-posterior and lateral views. 15 – 16. Caryanda dehongensis Mao, Xu & Yang, 2003; 17 – 18. C. yini Mao & Ren, 2006 syn. nov. (= C. dehongensis Mao, Xu & Yang, 2003). an = ancora; ap = anterior projection; lo = lophus. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 19 – 27. Habitus in lateral view. 19 – 21. Caryanda viridis comb. nov.: 19. Holotype male; 20 – 21. Topotype male and topotype female. 22 – 23. C. eshana Mao sp. nov., holotype male and paratype female. 24 – 25. C. dehongensis Mao, Xu & Yang, 2003, holotype male and paratype female. 26 – 27. C. yini Mao & Ren, 2006 syn. nov. (= C. dehongensis Mao, Xu & Yang, 2003), holotype male and paratype female. Scale bars = 5 mm.