Harmothoe viridis Loshamn, 1981

Barnich, Ruth & Fiege, Dieter, 2009, Revision of the genus Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856 (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) in the Northeast Atlantic, Zootaxa 2104 (1), pp. 1-76 : 66-72

Harmothoe viridis Loshamn, 1981

( Figs. 5 ; 33A–I )

Harmothoe viridis Loshamn, 1981: 7 , fig. 2.

Type material. Harmothoe viridis : holotype (af), SMNH-Type-3171, Sweden, Bohuslän , Säcken, reef, 3 April 1974, leg. L. Almkvist.

Additional material. NE Atlantic: 1 spm., SMF 17276, "Johan Ruud" St. 734, 69°52.04’N, 18°52.82’E, N Norway, Kvalsund i Kårvik, 07 October 2002, epibenthic sledge, 60 m, leg. & ded. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz .

Diagnosis. Anterior pair of eyes dorsolateral at widest part of prostomium. Elytral margin papillate; surface covered by conical microtubercles and few scattered papillae. Neuropodia with short, digitiform supra-acicular process.

Original name Remark/status

Laenilla alba Malmgren, 1866 holotype (SMNH-type-2380) checked, in poor condition, description insufficient: indeterminable Harmothoe

Lagisca antennata Grube in McIntosh, 1897 type (s) lost or non-existant, description non-existant: nomen nudum

Evarne atlantica McIntosh, 1897 holotype (BMNH 1921.5.1.487) checked, incomplete, description insufficient: indeterminable Harmothoe (cf. also

Tebble & Chambers 1982)

Harmothoe benthophila Ehlers, 1913 holotype ( ZMB 5753 ) checked, incomplete, description insufficient: indeterminable polynoid

Harmothoe benthophila bimucronata Fauvel, 1914 (cf. s y nt y pe s p r o b a b l y l o st o r no n -e x i s t a n t, de s c r i p t i o n

Fauvel 1914b) insufficient: indeterminable polynoid larva

Harmothoe benthophila intermedia Støp-Bowitz, 1951 syntypes (SMNH-type-3092) checked, incomplete and in poor condition: indeterminable Harmothoe larva

Polynoe borealis Théel, 1879 h o l o t yp e (SM N H -Ty p e -2 3 7 5) c h e c k e d, i nc o m pl e t e, description insufficient: indeterminable Harmothoe

Harmothoe coeliaca Saint-Joseph, 1888 syntypes (MNHN Types 925-931, slides) checked, in poor condition, descriptioninsufficient: indeterminable

Harmothoe

Polynoe complanata Quatrefages, 1866 type (s) lost or non-existant, description insufficient: indeterminable

Harmothoe dinardensis Nolte, 1936 indeterminable polynoid larva, cf. Chambers & Muir (1997)

Lagisca ehlersi Malmgren, 1867 types lost or non-existant, description non-existant: nomen nudum

Lagisca extenuata spinulosa Fauvel, 1913 syntypes lost, description insufficient: indeterminable Harmothoe

Polynoe fasciculosa Grube, 1840 type (s) lost or non-existant, description insufficient: indeterminable

Polynoe floccosa Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 t y p e s l o st o r n on -e x i s t a n t, d e sc r i p t i on i n s uff i c i e n t: indeterminable polynoid

Polynoe granulosa Rathke, 1837 t y p e s l o st o r n on -e x i s t a n t, d e sc r i p t i on i n s uff i c i e n t: indeterminable Harmothoe

Harmothoe haliaeti McIntosh, 1876 holotype (BMNH 1921.5.1.441) checked, posterior fragment in poor condition, description insufficient: indeterminable

Harmothoe

Polynoe (Harmothoe) haliaeti hyaenae Hornell, 1891 indeterminable Harmothoe cf. Chambers & Muir (1997)

Harmothoe helderensis Nolte, 1936 indeterminable polynoid larva, cf. Chambers & Muir (1997)

Polynoe heudeloti Quatrefages, 1866 syntypes (MNHN Poly type 74, 79) checked, in poor condition, descriptioninsufficient: indeterminable

Harmothoe

Evarne hubrechti McIntosh, 1900 syntypes (BMNH 1921.5.1.484) checked, incomplete and in poor condition, description insufficient: indeterminable

Eunoe larva

Evarne johnstoni McIntosh, 1876 syntype (BMNH 1921.5.1.483) checked, incomplete, description insufficient: indeterminable Harmothoe

Aphrodita lepidota Pallas, 1766 name suppressed, cf. Opinion 1666, ICZN (1992)

to be continued.

Aphrodita lepidota minuta Pennant, 1777 name suppressed, cf. Opinion 1666, ICZN (1992)

Polynoe maculata Grube, 1840 type (s) lost or non-existant, description insufficient: indeterminable

Harmothoe malmgreni Lankester, 1867 indeterminable polynoid, cf. Chambers & Muir (1997)

Harmothoe maxillospinosa Saint-Joseph, 1888 syntypes (MNHN Types 932-934, slides) checked, in poor condition, descriptioninsufficient: indeterminable

Harmothoe

Harmothoe micraspis Eliason, 1962 holotype and additional material not available, maybe lost, juveniles in poor condition: indeterminable Harmothoe

Polynoe ? minuta Potts, 1910 indeterminable polynoid, cf. Barnich & Fiege (2000)

Lagisca (Agnodice) moseleyi McIntosh, 1885 holotype (BMNH 1885.12.1.67) checked, incomplete, description insufficient: indeterminable polynoid

Evarne pentactae Giard, 1886 indeterminable Harmothoe , cf. Chambers & Muir (1997)

Lagisca peracuta McIntosh, 1885 syntypes (BMNH 1885.12.1.66) checked, incomplete and in poor condition, description insufficient: indeterminable polynoid

Polynoe plumosa Grube, 1840 syntypes ( ZMB 1146 ) checked, dry and in poor condition, description insufficient: indeterminable Harmothoe

Lagisca propinqua abyssorum Roule, 1896 t yp e s l o s t o r n o n e x i s t a n t, de sc r i p t i o n i n s u ff i c i e n t: indeterminable Harmothoe

Polynoe setosissima Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 indeterminable polynoid, cf. Augener (1928)

Aphrodita scabra Linnaeus, 1767 indeterminable polynoid, cf. Hartman (1959)

Paranychia taurica Czerniavsky, 1882 type (s) lost or non-existant, description insufficient: indeterminable Harmothoe

Evarne tenuisetis McIntosh, 1885 holotype (BMNH 1885.12.1.78) checked, in poor condition, description insufficient: indeterminable, probably Eunoe

Lagisca tenuisetis McIntosh, 1885 holotype lost, description insufficient: indeterminable Harmothoe

Harmothoe tridestinensis Nolte, 1936 indeterminable polynoid larva

Aphrodita varians Dalyell, 1853 indeterminable polynoid, cf. Chambers & Muir (1997)

Aphrodita violacea Strøm, 1768 type (s) lost or non-existant, description insufficient: indeterminable polynoid

Harmothoe viscayensis Nolte, 1936 indeterminable polynoid larva, cf. Chambers & Muir (1997)

Harmothoe vittata Trautzsch, 1889 holotype lost, description insufficient: indeterminable Bylgides or Eunoe

Description (based on holotype (af), except for number of elytra and segments, cf. Loshamn 1981).

Body with up to 41 segments. At anterior end ( Fig. 33A ), prostomium bilobed, with distinct cephalic peaks; ceratophore of median antenna in anterior notch, lateral antennae inserted ventrally, styles of antennae papillate, tapering; anterior pair of eyes situated dorsolaterally at widest part of prostomium, posterior pair dorsally near hind margin of prostomium; palps papillate, tapering.

Tentaculophores inserted laterally to prostomium, each with two notochaetae and a dorsal and ventral tentacular cirrus, styles of cirri papillate, tapering. Second segment with first pair of elytra, biramous parapodia, and long buccal cirri. Following segments with tapering, short ventral cirri.

Originally as, in literature as, or synonyms of Harmothoe Current assignement

Harmothoe andreapolis (McIntosh, 1876) Malmgreniella andreapolis (McIntosh, 1876) cf. Pettibone original name: Malmgrenia andreapolis McIntosh, 1876 (1993a)

Harmothoe assimilis ( Hansen, 1880) Eunoe nodosa (M. Sars, 1861) cf. also Pettibone (1954)

original name: Polynoe assimilis Hansen, 1880

( syntypes ZMBN 1989 checked)

Harmothoe badia ( Théel, 1879) , Bylgides groenlandicus ( Malmgren, 1867) cf. Pettibone original name: Polynoe badia Théel, 1879 (1993b)

Harmothoe capitulifera Ditlevsen, 1911 Eunoe oerstedi Mamgren, 1866 [new synonymy]

(holotype ZMUC-POL-1664 checked)

Harmothoe castanea (McIntosh, 1876) Malmgreniella castanea (McIntosh, 1876) cf. Pettibone original name: Malmgrenia castanea McIntosh, 1876 (1993a)

Lagisca drachi Reyss, 1961 Neolagisca jeffreysi (McIntosh, 1876) cf. Barnich & Fiege

(2000) and Fiege & Barnich (in press)

Harmothoe echinopustulata Fauvel, 1913 Leucia nivea (M. Sars, 1863) cf. Chambers (1989)

Harmothoe furcosetosa ( Loshamn, 1981) Pettibonesia furcosetosa ( Loshamn, 1981) cf. Nemésio original name: Malmgrenia furcosetosa Loshamn, 1981 (2006)

Harmothoe globifera (G.O. Sars, 1873) Eunoe nodosa (M. Sars, 1861) cf. also Barnich et al. 2001

original name: Nychia globifera G.O. Sars, 1873 (types lost)

Harmothoe hyalonemae Martin, Rosell & Uriz, 1992 Robertianella synophthalma McIntosh, 1885 cf. Barnich &

Fiege (2000)

Harmothoe jeffreysi (McIntosh, 1876) Neolagisca jeffreysi (McIntosh, 1876) [not Lagisca original name: Lagisca jeffreysi McIntosh, 1876 jeffreysi McIntosh, 1900 , homonym, now Malmgreniella

(syntypes BMNH 1921.5.1.309 and 1921.5.1.315 checked) mcintoshi ( Tebble & Chambers, 1982) ] cf. Fiege &

Barnich (in press)

Harmothoe ljungmani ( Malmgren, 1867) Malmgreniella ljungmani ( Malmgren, 1867) cf. Barnich &

original name: Parmenis ljungmani Malmgren, 1867 Fiege (2001)

Harmothoe lunulata ( Delle Chiaje, 1830) Malmgreniella lunulata (Delle Ciaje, 1830) cf. Pettibone original name: Polynoe lunulata Delle Chiaje, 1830 (1993a)

Harmothoe lunulata fauveli Bellan, 1960 Robertianella synophthalma McIntosh, 1885 cf. Barnich &

Fiege (2000)

Harmothoe mcintoshi Tebble & Chambers, 1982 Malmgreniella mcintoshi ( Tebble & Chambers, 1982) cf.

Pettibone (1993a)

Harmothoe marphysae McIntosh, 1876 Malmgreniella marphysae (McIntosh, 1876) cf. Pettibone

(1993a)

Harmothoe nivea (M. Sars, 1863) Leucia nivea (M. Sars, 1863) cf. also Chambers (1989)

original name: Polynoe nivea M. Sars, 1863

( holotype ZMO C3156 a and 3156b (slide) checked)

Harmothoe nodosa (M. Sars, 1861) Eunoe nodosa (M. Sars, 1861) cf. Pettibone (1954)

original name: Polynoe nodosa M. Sars, 1861

Evarne normani McIntosh, 1897 Leucia violacea ( Storm, 1879) cf. Loshamn (1980

(syntype BMNH ZB1921.5.1.488 and? syntypes BMNH unpubl.), Fiege & Barnich (in press)

ZB1921.5.1.489 checked)

Harmothoe paradoxa ( Storm, 1888) Neopolynoe paradoxa ( Storm, 1888) cf. Loshamn (1981)

original name: Polynoe paradoxa Storm, 1888

( paralectotype ZMO C2031 checked)

to be continued.

Originally as, in literature as, or synonyms of Harmothoe Current assignement

Harmothoe picta Saint-Joseph, 1888 Malmgreniella arenicolae ( Saint-Joseph, 1888) [new (syntypes MNHN Type 91, 93, and 936 (slide), checked) synonymy]

Harmothoe sarsi ( Malmgren, 1866) Bylgides sarsi ( Malmgren, 1866) cf. Pettibone (1993b) original name: Antinoe sarsi Mamgren, 1866

Harmothoe senta ( Moore, 1902) Eunoe senta ( Moore, 1902) cf. Hartman (1959)

original name: Gattyana senta Moore, 1902

Harmothoe villosa ( Malmgren, 1866) Eucranta villosa Malmgren, 1866 cf. Pettibone (1963) original name: Eucranta villosa Malmgren, 1866

Harmothoe violacea ( Storm, 1879) Leucia violacea ( Storm, 1879) cf. Fiege & Barnich (in original name: Laenilla violacea Storm, 1879 press)

( syntypes VM23903 checked)

Harmothoe marphysae watsoni McIntosh, 1919 Malmgreniella marphysae (McIntosh, 1876) cf. Pettibone (1993a)

Harmothoe zetlandica McIntosh, 1876 Malmgreniella ljungmani ( Malmgren, 1867) cf. Chambers & Muir (1997) and Barnich & Fiege (2001)

Harmothoe zonata ( Langerhans, 1880) Leucia nivea (M. Sars, 1861) cf. Chambers (1989)

original name: Polynoe zonata Langerhans, 1880

Fifteen pairs of elytra, covering dorsum, on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, then on every second segment to 23, 26, 29, 32; up to last nine segments cirrigerous; elytral margin papillate; surface covered by conical microtubercles and few scattered papillae. ( Fig. 33B,C ). Cirrigerous segments with distinct dorsal tubercles; dorsal cirri with cylindrical cirrophore, style papillate, tapering.

Parapodia biramous; notopodia with elongate acicular lobe; neuropodia with elongate prechaetal acicular lobe with short, digitiform supra-acicular process; neuropodial postchaetal lobe shorter than prechaetal lobe, rounded; tips of noto- and neuroacicula penetrating epidermis ( Fig. 33D ). Notochaetae stouter than neurochaetae; with distinct rows of spines and blunt tip ( Fig. 33E,F ); neurochaetae with distinct rows of spines, usually with bidentate tip with slender secondary tooth, some lower unidentate. ( Fig. 33G–I ).

Colour in life greenish, in ethanol pigmentation more or less faded.

Measurements. Holotype (af), SMNH-Type-3171 ( Fig. 33A–I ): L 16 mm, W 7 mm for 18 segments; paratypes (cf. Loshamn 1981): L 8–38 mm, W 2–8 mm for 38 for 41 segments.

Distribution. Northeast Atlantic, along the Norwegian coast to the Skagerrak.

Habitat. On various hard and soft bottoms, in 30 to 120 m.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Identification characters of Harmothoe fernandi n. sp., H. oculinarum, H. gilchristi, H. aequespina, H. glabra, and H. viridis.

FIGURE 33. Harmothoe viridis (holotype, SMNH-Type-3171). (A) anterior end; left palp bent downwards, right palp missing, styles of right dorsal tentacular cirrus and left dorsal cirrus missing; (B) right anterior elytron from unknown segment, free in vial; (C) detail of posterior margin of same; (D) left cirrigerous parapodium from segment 14, posterior view, style of dorsal cirrus missing; (E) long notochaeta; (F) tip of same; (G) middle neurochaeta; (H) tip of same; (I) tip of lower neurochaeta. (Scales: A, B = 2 mm; C, F, H, I = 100 µm; E, G = 250 µm).