Anotogaster gregoryi Fraser, 1923

Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo & Sites, Robert W., 2019, The probable larva of Anotogaster gregoryi Fraser, 1923, with new distributional records of the genus from northern Thailand (Odonata: Cordulegastridae), Zootaxa 4565 (1), pp. 138-144 : 139-142

Anotogaster gregoryi Fraser, 1923 (supposition)

Figs. 1–7 .

Material examined: Four F-0 larvae (2♂♂, 2♀♀). THAILAND: Loei Province: Phu Hin Rongkla National Park, Huai Man Daeng Noi at trail, 1600 m elevation, 16°57’N, 101°03’E, 22 May 2002, CMU team leg., 1♀; same data but 21 October 2002, CMU team leg., 1♂ ; same data but Mhun Daeng Noi , 1600 m elevation, 16°57’N, 101°03’E, 10 April 2003, CMU team leg., 1♀ ; Phitsanulok Province: Phu Hin Rongkla National Park, Waterwheel Falls , 1280 m elevation, 16°59’N, 101°00E, 15 November 2002, CMU team leg., 1♂ .

Additional material examined: THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province: Doi Inthanon National Park, creek at Twin Pagodas , 18°33’N, 98°28’E, 2119 m, 1 May 2003, UMC and CMU teams, L-492 (6 larvae, 3 exuviae); "Twin" Cks., south falls, 18°32’N, 98°30’E, 1450 m, 16 October 2002, CMU team, (1 larva); Siriphum Waterfall (lower), 18°32’N, 98°31’E, 1380 m, 2 March 2002, Sites, Vitheepradit, Kirawanich, L-251 (1 larva) . Loei Province: Phu Hin Rongkla National Park, Man Daeng Noi , 1600 m, 16°57’N, 101°03’E, 17 March 2003, coll: CMU team (8 larvae); same data except 15 Dec 2002, (1 larva); same data except 17 January 2003, kick gravel (2 larvae); same locality except 10 February 2003, debris pool (2 larvae); Man Daeng Noi at trail, 1340 m, 16°57’N, 101°03’E, 2 March 2002, Sites, Vitheepradit, Kirawanich (1 larva); Huai Man Daeng Noi at trail, 1600 m, 16°57’N, 101°03’E, 22 April 2002, coll: CMU team (3 larvae); same data except 21 June 2002, (1 larva); stream midway between Rd 2113 and Man Daeng Waterfall, 12 June 1998, R.W. Sites & K.B. Simpson (1 larva) .

Phitsanulok Province: Phu Hin Rongkla National Park, Waterwheel Falls , 1280 m elevation, 16°59’N, 101°00’E, 10 March 2003, coll: CMU team (2 larvae) ; same data except 17 March 2003 (2 larvae) .

Description: Final larval instar: Large size (41–51mm length), body robust, setose and tapering caudally, large labial palps, legs relatively short, caudal appendages sharply pointed, and coloration yellow orange to reddish brown.

Head. Wider than long, reddish-brown, covered mainly with small scale-like setae, and long, stout, stiff setae on posterior margin of occipital lobes ( Fig. 1 ). Labrum reddish-brown, 1.5 mm length, with short stiff setae on external surface, and a dense brush of long setae along the widely concave ventral margin, not flattened ventrally. Anteclypeus yellow, bare, moderately striated, postclypeus orange, mostly bare, only distal margin fringed with dense rows of white long setae. In frontal view, anterior surface of frons large, flat; in dorsal view, anterior margin slightly convex, beset with a row of long, stout, thick, white piliform setae, intermingled with long, stiff, reddishbrown setae, dorsal surface covered with small scale-like setae on distal half, basal half bare. Vertex biconvex dorsally, with small scale-like setae, a row of long bristle-like setae bordering ocelli. Antennae short, 7-segmented, scape and pedicel barrel-shaped, flagellomeres slender, cylindrical, third antennomere the longest, size proportions of antennomeres: 0.30, 0.50, 1.00, 0.44, 0.48, 0.50, 0.46. Compound eyes poorly developed, protruding dorsally ( Fig. 2 ). Occiput very large, rounded laterally, dorsal surface densely covered with minute scale-like setae, lateral margins fringed with abundant, combined short and long, white, stout, stiff setae; posterior margin rather straight. Mandibles yellow, teeth black, with molar crest, formula: L 1234 0 a(m 1,2,3)b / R 1234 y a(m 1,2,3,4)b, a>b in both mandibles, molar crest high, m denticles small, blunt, semi-fused forming a continuous ridge. Galeolacinia with seven teeth, three dorsal teeth slightly incurved and of similar length and robustness; four ventral teeth of different size, apical tooth the largest. Maxillary palp thick, slightly shorter than galeolacinia, ending in a short, stout, bluntly-pointed spine. Ventral pad of hypopharynx transversally enlarged, subrectangular, with abundant long setae mainly on lateral margins, fringed with rows of stout, forwardly directed, stiff setae along posterior margin. Labium: Prementum-postmentum articulation reaching anterior margin of metacoxae. Prementum subpentagonal, lateral margins wavy and divergent on distal 0.60, concave and convergent on basal 0.40 ( Fig. 3 ), with two rows of spiniform setae, those of ventral row minute and same size, those of dorsal row small, increasing in size apically and meeting at base of palp’s articulation; a longitudinal, bare, central sulcus on basal third of ventral surface; ventral surface covered moderately with delicate, long, white setae; premental setae 5+4, 5+5 or 6+5 to each side of midline; ligula well developed with a V-shaped median process on the apical margin ( Fig. 3 ), and a dense row of small piliform setae on apical border excepting the median process; median process serrulated on mesal margins ending in a sharp tip; additional small, serrulated, sharply pointed or rounded process at base of each branch of median process. Labial palpi strongly developed, covering anterior part of head as a mask ( Fig. 2 ); apical lobes divided into 10¯11 long, sharply pointed hooks of different size and robustness, and one internal rounded lobe ( Fig. 2 ), all of which are finely serrulated on margins; ventral margin of labial palp slightly convex, finely serrulated; dorsal margin of each palp fringed with dense rows of short, stiff setae; movable hook long, slender, sharply pointed, smooth; five palpal setae, rarely 4.

Thorax. Covered densely by minute scale-like setae, ventral margin of pleura strongly setose. Prothorax with large, transverse pronotal disc beset with long, stiff, white setae on rounded lateral margins, anterior margin more or less straight, posterolateral margins wavy, middle part of posterior margin produced caudally as a “pull flap” ( Fig. 4 ). Legs setose, mostly yellow, protibiae reddish-brown, relatively short (e.g. when fully extended, hind legs hardly reaching posterior margin of S8); mesal margin of protibiae moderately sinuate; apices of all tibiae and ventral surface of tarsi with strong, robust spiniform setae; pretarsal claws simple with a pulvilliform empodium. Wing sheaths parallel or slightly divergent, yellow, sheaths reaching anterior margin and basal half of S4, respectively ( Fig. 4 ).

Abdomen. Cylindrical, strongly tapering caudally, yellow on S1–3, and reddish-yellow with dark spots on S4– 10 ( Figs. 4–6 ). All terga covered with abundant, small, brown setae, and long, fine, golden setae on sides. Posterior margins of S2–9 with a row of small, yellow brown setae intermingled with long, white, fine setae, including some scattered bristle-like setae; posterior margin of S10 serrate. Dorsal protuberances lacking. Lateral margins of S9 ending in a small, convergent, acute spine. Sterna 1–8 orange-yellow, 9–10 reddish-brown, all sterna covered abundantly with small spiniform setae; posterior margins of sterna 1–6 with a row of short setae, on 7–10 with short spiniform setae; sterna 2–3 divided into three sternites, sterna 4–8 divided into five sternites, sternum 9 consisting of only one sternite, and sternum 10 forming a continuous ring with respective tergum. Female gonapophyses well-developed, ventral gonapophyses largest, surpassing well beyond posterior margin of sternum 9. Caudal appendages reddish-brown, tips darker ( Figs. 4–5 ), with abundant, minute, spiniform setae. Epiproct and paraprocts pyramidal, same length, with abundant long setae on margins, tips long and acutely pointed, slightly downcurved ( Figs. 4–6 ). Epiproct of male with a dorsal mound-like tubercle on basal 0.20. Paraprocts with a row of six large, stout, spiniform setae along midlateral surface. Cerci conical, 0.30 as long as epiproct length ( Fig. 5 ).

Measurements. (specimens in alcohol with relaxed membranes) TL 41–51; AL (ventral) 29–34.2; MWh 9.2–

9.7; HfL (lateral) 6.5–7.3; Ep 3.8–4.3, Pp 3.7–4.2, Ce 0.9–1.0 (higher values correspond to the female).

Diagnosis. Larvae of Anotogaster differ from those of Cordulegaster by female gonapophyses clearly surpassing the posterior margin of S9 (female gonapophyses reaching or not the posterior margin of S 9 in Cordulegaster ) (RN pers. obs). Likewise, larvae of Anotogaster differ from those of Neallogaster (as compared to Asahina’s (1982) description of the larva of Neallogaster hermionae (Fraser, 1927)) , by their larger size (TL more than 40 mm), 5–6 long premental setae to each side of middline, and S8–9 or S9 with lateral spines (TL 35 mm or less, 2–3 long premental setae, and abdomen lacking lateral spines in N. hermionae ). The supposed larva of A. gregoryi differs from that of A. sieboldii in the following (features of the latter in parentheses [two F-0 larvae (male and female) from Japan were available for comparative purposes]): Long premental setae 5–6 (7); palpal setae 5 (6); lateral spines on S9 only (on S8–9). Both species differ from the larva of A. nipalensis as follows (in parentheses the latter according to Fraser (1925)): Antennae 7-segmented (9-segmented); teeth of labial palp 10–12 (9), long and sharply pointed (shorter and clearly more obtuse).

Distribution. In Thailand, Anotogaster gregoryi has been recorded from only the mountains of Chiang Mai Province ( Hämäläinen & Pinratana 1999). Here we add new records of Anotogaster for Chiang Mai, Loei, and Phitsanulok provinces ( Fig. 7 ).

Figures

FIGURE 7. Larval collection records of Anotogaster, probably A. gregoryi (yellow circles).

FIGURES 1‒3. Head of last instar larva of Anotogaster, probably A. gregoryi. 1) dorsal, 2) frontal, 3) ventral.

FIGURES 4–6. Male last instar larva of Anotogaster, probably A. gregoryi. 4) Habitus, dorsal view; 5) Abdomen, left profile; 6) Habitus, ventral view.