Periclimenaeus gorgonidarum ( Balss, 1913 )

Park, Jin-Ho, Grave, Sammy De & Kim, Won, 2019, On the systematic status of Isopericlimenaeus Marin, 2012 and its type species, Periclimenaeus gorgonidarum (Balss, 1913) (Crustacea: Decapoda Palaemonidae), Zootaxa 4614 (2), pp. 353-367 : 357-363

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4614.2.5
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:263F1C23-B308-498C-BC91-5359CE7252C6
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A58781-FFC7-0118-FF29-5ED3C2F1FED3
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Periclimenaeus gorgonidarum ( Balss, 1913 )
status

Treatment

Periclimenaeus gorgonidarum ( Balss, 1913) View in CoL

(figs. 2–6, 7A)

Periclimenes gorgonidarum Balss, 1913: 236 View in CoL ; Balss 1914: 51–53, figs. 31–32; Borradaile 1917: 376; Kemp 1922: 138.

Periclimenes (Periclimenaeus) gorgonidarum View in CoL .— Kubo 1940: 38–41, figs. 6–7.

Periclimenaeus gorgonidarum View in CoL .— Holthuis 1952: 14, 129–139; Miyake & Fujino 1967: 286–290, figs. 6–7; Bruce 1981: 11; Bruce 1984: 205; Kim & Kim 1985: 199, 204; Fransen 1994: 118, 151.

Periclimenaeus uropodialis Barnard, 1958: 18–20 View in CoL , fig. 6; Bruce 1976: 474; Marin & Caley 2011: 7, figs. 2H, 4.

Isopericlimenaeus gorgonidarum View in CoL .— Marin 2012: 369–371, figs. 48–52, pl. 57.

Material examined. Korea. 2 females (pocl 3.25, 5.66 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'7" N 126°30'50" E, leg. SH Kim, 20.ii.2009 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _001]; 1 ov. female , 1 female (pocl 5.8, 4.5 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'37" N 126°34'8" E, leg. SH Kim, 05.xi.2009 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _002] ; 1 male, 1 female (pocl 3.6, 2.6 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'7" N 126°30'50" E, leg. SH Kim, 10.x.2011 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _004] ; 2 females (pocl 4.9, 5.6 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'37" N 126°34'8" E, leg. SH Kim, 08.xi.2012 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _005] ; 1 female (pocl 3.6 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'55" N 126°35'51" E, depth: 30 m, leg. JH Park, 16.xii.2015 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _006] ; 1 female (pocl 2.4 mm), same data [ MADBK 120519 _007] ; 1 male (pocl 2.6 mm), same data [ MADBK 120519 _008] ; 1 female (pocl 3.0 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'55" N 126°35'51" E, depth: 20 m, leg. JH Park, 08.viii.2016 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _009] ; 1 female (pocl 4.3 mm), same data [ MADBK 120519 _010] ; 2 males (pocl 3.0, 5.5 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'37" N 126°34'8" E, depth: 35 m, leg. JH Park, 15.xi.2014 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _011] ; 2 females (pocl 1.6, 2.5 mm), Busan, 35°3'36" N 129°4'27" E, depth: 10 m, leg. JH Park, 22.ix.2016 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _012] ; 1 female (pocl 2.6 mm), same data [ OUMNH. ZC.2016-01-59] ; 1 male, 2 females (pocl 2.7, 2.5, 3.3 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'37" N 126°34'8" E, depth: 35 m, leg. JH Park, 18.i.2018 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _014] ; 1 male (pocl 2.6 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'55" N 126°35'51" E, depth: 15 m, leg. JH Park, 28.i.2016 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _015] ; 1 male (pocl 4.0 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'55" N 126°35'51" E, depth: 10 m, leg. HK Kim, 27.iii.2018 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _016] ; 1 male (pocl 3.2 mm), same data [ MADBK 120519 _017] ; 1 female (pocl 4.1 mm), same data [ MADBK 120519 _018] ; 1 male (pocl 4.2 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'37" N 126°34'8" E, depth: 30 m, leg. JH Park, 31.iii.2018 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _019] ; 1 male, 1 female (pocl 1.9, 2.6 mm), same data [ MADBK 120519 _021] ; 1 male, 2 females (pocl 1.5, 2.1, 3.7 mm), same data [ MADBK 120519 _022] ; 1 male, 2 females (pocl 2.0, 2.5, 1.5 mm), same data [ MADBK 120519 _029] ; 1 female (pocl 1.9 mm), same data [ NIBRIV0000837382 ] ; 1 female (pocl 2.2 mm), same data [ NI- BRIV0000837383 ] ; 1 female (pocl 1.7 mm), same data [ NIBRIV0000837384 ] ; 1 female (pocl 3.3 mm), same data [ NIBRIV0000837385 ] ; 1 female (pocl 1.8 mm), same data [ NIBRIV0000837386 ] ; 1 male (pocl 2.0 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'7" N 126°30'50" E, depth: 22.3 m, leg. TS Park, 29.x.2013 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _023] ; 1 male, 1 female (pocl 3.8, 4.0 mm), Yeosu , 34°20'54" N 127°10'9" E, depth: 15 m, leg. JH Park, 24.iv.2013 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _024] ; 1 female (pocl 2.6 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°14'36" N 126°34'16" E, depth: 15 m, leg. JH Park, 18.x.2015 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _025] ; 1 male (pocl 2.7 mm), same data [ MADBK 120519 _026] ; 1 female (pocl 4.3 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'55" N 126°35'51" E, depth: 15 m, leg. JH Park, 01.iii.2015 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _027] ; 1 male (pocl 5.0 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'37" N 126°34'8" E, depth: 20 m, leg. JH Park, 08.viii.2016 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _028] ; 1 female (pocl 4.7 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°13'37" N 126°34'8" E, depth: 25 m, leg. JH Park, 28.iv.2016 GoogleMaps [ OUMNH. ZC.2016- 01-58]; 1 female (pocl 3.5 mm), Jejudo Island , 33°27'19" N 126°56'46" E, depth: 20 m, leg. JH Park, 16.iii.2019 GoogleMaps [SNU KR JH131]. All specimens were collected from the osculum of Callypongia cf. confoederata . Taiwan. 1 ov. female (pocl 3.5 mm), Green Island , 22°40'55"N 121°29'18"E, depth: 20 m, from osculum of Callyspongia sp., leg. JH Park, 25.v.2016 GoogleMaps [ MADBK 120519 _013]. Chagos Archipelago. 1 ov. female (pocl 2.6 mm), Eagle Island , lagoon, from encrusting sponge on dead Acropora , leg. C. Head, 28.ii.2012 [ OUMNH. ZC.2014-09-34].

Description. Body medium-sized, subcylindrical form ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Rostrum ( Figs. 3A View FIGURE 3 , 5B View FIGURE 5 ) straight, horizontal, about 0.55 of pocl, reaching slightly beyond end of antennular peduncle, 6–10 dorsal teeth along entire length, 1–3 subterminal ventral tooth, ventral margin straight.

Carapace ( Figs. 3A View FIGURE 3 , 5A View FIGURE 5 ) smooth, glabrous, without hepatic tooth; supraorbital and antennal teeth acute; inferior orbital angle with small blunt process ( Figs. 3B View FIGURE 3 , 5A View FIGURE 5 ); anterolateral pterygostomial angle rounded.

Abdomen smooth, first segment without anteromedian dorsal lobe ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ); pleura broadly rounded, sixth segment subequal to fifth, posterolateral angle with minute tooth on each side, posteroventral angle acute ( Figs. 3C View FIGURE 3 , 5C and D View FIGURE 5 ).

Telson ( Figs. 3C View FIGURE 3 , 5D View FIGURE 5 ) 0.65–0.70 of pocl, about 2 times longer than maximum width; two pairs of dorsal spiniform setae at about 0.1 and 0.5 of telson length respectively, proximal pair ( Fig. 3I View FIGURE 3 ) almost 2.5–3.0 times longer than posterior ones; posterior margin with minute median tooth, lateral posterior spiniform setae short, 0.25–0.35 of length of intermediate pair, intermediate pair long and stout, submedian pair 0.85–0.95 of intermediate pair length ( Figs. 3C View FIGURE 3 , 5E View FIGURE 5 ).

Eye ( Fig. 3D View FIGURE 3 ) with hemispherical cornea, with nebenauge; stalk 1.0–1.3 times longer than wide.

Antennule ( Fig. 3E View FIGURE 3 ) with proximal peduncle bearing acute distolateral tooth, with acute tooth at ventromedial margin; stylocerite broad, bearing short sharp point, reaching to 0.35–0.40 times of proximal segment; intermediate segment short, 0.30–0.35 times of proximal segment length, subequal to distal segment; upper flagellum biramous, proximal four segments fused, lower flagellum slender, filiform.

Antenna ( Fig. 3F View FIGURE 3 ) basicerite with blunt distodorsal margin; ischiocerite and merocerite unarmed; carpocerite reaching to about 0.70 of scaphocerite length; scaphocerite 1.70–1.90 times as long as maximum width, lateral margin straight, anterior margin slightly rounded, medial margin convex, distolateral tooth large, overreaching end of lamella.

Mouthparts not dissected. Third maxilliped ( Fig. 3G View FIGURE 3 ) slightly overreaching end of carpocerite; ultimate segment about 0.40 times antepenultimate segment, tapering distally, with dense tufts of long setae; penultimate segment about 0.50 times antepenultimate segment, with ventromedial row of long setae; antepenultimate segment with long setae on ventromedial margin; exopod overreaching antepenultimate segment, distally with four plumose setae.

First pereiopod ( Figs. 2 View FIGURE 2 , 4E View FIGURE 4 , 5F View FIGURE 5 ) long, slender, overreaching distal end of scaphocerite by one third of merus; fingers simple, short 0.34–0.40 of palm length; carpus subequal to merus length, with simple setae; ischium subequal to chela length, basis and coxa without special features.

Second pereiopods robust, dissimilar in shape, unequal in size. Major second pereiopod ( Figs. 4A, C View FIGURE 4 and 6A, B View FIGURE 6 ) overreaching distal end of scaphocerite by middle of carpus; chela 3.2–4.0 times as long as merus; fingers 0.40–0.60 of palm length; dactylus distally curved, with blunt tip, cutting edge centrally with molar process; fixed finger distally curved with blunt tip, cutting edge distally entire, centrally with deep oval fossa and one blunt tooth; palm subcylindrical, minutely tuberculate along entire margin; carpus overlapping proximal part of palm; merus 1.20–1.60 of ischium length; merus and ischium with minute and subacute tubercles along ventral margin.

Minor second pereiopod (Korean specimens; Fig. 4B, D View FIGURE 4 ) slightly shorter than major; chela less than about 3.0–3.6 times as long as merus; fingers 0.55–0.65 of palm; dactylus distally curved, with pointed tip, cutting edge centrally with molar process; fixed finger distally curved with blunt tip, cutting edge distally entire, centrally with deep oval fossa and one blunt tooth; palm subcylindrical, minutely tuberculate along entire margin; carpus overlapping proximal part of palm; merus with minute tubercles along ventral margin.

Minor second pereiopod (Taiwanese specimen; Fig. 6C, D View FIGURE 6 ) overreaching distal end of scaphocerite by end of merus; chela less than 2.44 times as long as merus; fingers about 0.87 of palm; dactylus distally curved, with pointed tip, cutting edge entire, unarmed; fixed finger distally curved, cutting edge entire, with one pointed tooth at proximal 0.18; palm subcylindrical; carpus overlapping proximal part of palm; merus and ischium with minute and subacute tubercles along ventral margin.

Ambulatory pereiopods subequal in shape, third pereiopod slightly longer than fourth and fifth ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Third pereiopod ( Figs. 4F View FIGURE 4 , 5G View FIGURE 5 ) overreaching distal end of scaphocerite by distal half of carpus, propodus and dactylus; dactylus short, biunguiculate, with serrated ventral margin ( Figs. 4G View FIGURE 4 , 5H View FIGURE 5 ); propodus about 5.0 of dactylus length, with numerous strong spiniform setae along ventral margin; carpus, merus and ischium with serrated ventral margin. Fourth pereiopod ( Figs. 4H View FIGURE 4 , 5I View FIGURE 5 ) similar to third pereiopod. Fifth pereiopod ( Figs. 4I View FIGURE 4 , 5J View FIGURE 5 ) with dactylus similar to third and fourth; propodus with four distolateral spiniform setae; carpus, merus and ischium unarmed.

Uropod ( Fig. 5D View FIGURE 5 ) overreaching distal end of telson; exopod slightly longer than endopod, outer margin dentate, with two small spiniform setae and single longer one at distolateral margin ( Figs. 3H View FIGURE 3 , 5D View FIGURE 5 ).

Variation. The Taiwanese specimen differs from all the other material in that the shape of the minor second chelae is dissimilar compared to the major one ( Fig. 6C, D View FIGURE 6 ); the fingers are relatively long, about 0.87 of palm length (versus 0.4–0.6) and lacking a well-developed molar and fossa process. The first pereiopods of the Taiwanese specimen are also relatively long and slender (compare Figs. 4E View FIGURE 4 and 5F View FIGURE 5 ); carpus being about 16 times longer than maximum width (vs. 9.5–10.5) and the fingers being about 0.34 of palm length (vs. about 0.4). In contrast, the ambulatory pereiopods are similar and subequal in shape (compare Figs. 4 View FIGURE 4 F-I and 5G-J).As such this specimen corresponds to the diagnosis of P. uropodialis in Barnard (1958) and the illustration of that taxon in Marin and Caley (2011).

Color. Whole body and appendages almost transparent with a pale reddish cream color, tiny red chromatophores scattered irregularly ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ).

Host. Balss (1913, 1914) reported that the type specimen was collected with an unidentified gorgonian (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea ) from Sagami Bay ( Japan). Fransen (1994) also collected this species on an unidentified gorgonian of the family Melithaeidae in the Seychelles. These are however considered incidental associations, possibly from encrusting sponges, as all other records in literature are from pipe sponges in the genera Callyspongia and Siphonochalina (Porifera: Callyspongiidae ) ( Bruce 1976, 1981; Kim & Kim 1985; Marin 2012; Marin & Caley 2011; Miyake & Fujino 1967). All Korean specimens reported herein were collected from the spongocoel of C. cf. confoederata ( Fig. 7A and C View FIGURE 7 ), together with Onycocaris callyspongiae Fujino & Miyake, 1969 which was found inside a channel of the sponge wall ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ). The Taiwanese specimen was collected from Callyspongia sp. (Porifera: Callyspongiidae ), whilst the Chagos specimen was obtained from an unidentified encrusting sponge. Ise (2017) drew attention to the fact that Japanese records of C. confoederata are likely a different species from the true C. confoederata ( Ridley, 1884) described from the Torres Straits (northern Australia). The true host identity of P. gorgonidarum thus remains unknown, as indeed the question as to whether it inhabits several sponge species or even genera in Callyspongiidae .

Distribution. Indo-West Pacific: Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, Seychelles, Chagos Archipelago, Queensland ( Australia), Taiwan, Japan and Korea.

Systematic position. Ďuriš et al. (2009) placed P. gorgonidarum in the P. robustus species group, a grouping of unknown phylogenetic status, but unified by the presence of an anteromedian dorsal lobe of the first abdominal tergite (see Bruce 2005). However, none of the herein examined specimens displays such a lobe (see also Marin 2012) and the species cannot be considered to be closely allied to this grouping. This is despite the fact that it shares the unusual feature of a serrated lateral margin of the uropodal exopod with one of the species in that group, i.e. P. nufu Ďuriš, Horká & Hoc, 2009 . As stated already, P. gorgonidarum shares the presence of a developed molar-fossa structure with two further species in Periclimenaeus , i.e. P. denticulodigitus and P. parkeri . Nevertheless, the structure of the dactyls of the ambulatory pereiopods and the absence of a supra-orbital tooth in the latter two species does not suggest a close affinity.

On the basis of the shared presence of a supraorbital tooth or tubercle and the ventrally denticulate ambulatory dactyli, P. gorgonidarum appears to be allied to or a member of the P. rhodope group as defined by Bruce (2006, 2013). Within this group, P. gorgonidarum seems morphologically closest to P. arabicus Calman, 1939 in view of the distolateral tooth of the scaphocerite reaching beyond the lamella, a similar position and ratio of the dorsal spiniform setae on the telson and the serrated ventral margin of the carpus, merus, and ischium of the third and fourth pereiopods ( Bruce 1975, 1993), as indeed already suggested by Holthuis (1952). Although the present phylogenetic analysis has scant coverage across the entire genus ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ), the results support this contention, as P. gorgonidarum forms a sister-clade to P. arabicus and P. zanzibaricus , with both these species considered to belong to the P. rhodope species group ( Bruce 2006).