Tanakaius, REINERT, HARBACH & KITCHING, 2004

Reinert, John F., Harbach, Ralph E. & Kitching, Ian J., 2004, Phylogeny and classification of Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae), based on morphological characters of all life stages, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 142 (3), pp. 289-368 : 349-351

TANAKAIUS REINERT, HARBACH & KITCHING ,

GEN. NOV.

Type species: Culicelsa togoi Theobald, 1907

Females

Head. Antenna 0.57–0.67 ¥ length of proboscis, pedicel with numerous moderate-sized partially overlapping scales and few short setae on mesal surface; maxillary palpus 0.20–0.27 ¥ length of proboscis, with four palpomeres; proboscis 1.05– 1.28 ¥ length of forefemur, dark-scaled; vertex with narrow decumbent scales, dark ones posterior to eyes, pale ones on median and posterior areas; occiput with numerous long erect forked scales extending cephalad over most of vertex; eyes narrowly separated above antennal pedicels; ocular line narrow, with narrow pale scales; ocular setae numerous; interocular space small, with narrow pale scales and 2–4 setae; clypeus bare.

Thorax. Scutum covered with narrow curved scales except bare median prescutellar space and narrow area between lateral prescutellar area and posterior supraalar area, scales brown except for pale ones forming stripe on acrostichal area to prescutellar area, where it splits and extends along mesal margins of prescutellar setae, stripe on dorsocentral area to near prescutellar area, line on anterior margin of scutal fossal area, line on posterior margin of scutal fossal area and extending caudad on mesal part of supraalar area, and stripe laterally on antealar and supraalar areas, patches of pale scales on anterior promontory and antedorsocentral areas. Setae on following areas: anterior promontory, acrostichal (anterior and posterior), antedorsocentral, dorsocentral (anterior and posterior), scutal fossal, antealar, supraalar, prescutellar and parascutellar; scutellum with narrow curved pale scales on all lobes, several dark brown setae on each lobe; mesopostnotum bare; antepronota widely separated, with numerous broad pale scales and numerous setae; postpronotum covered with broad pale and dark scales, with posterior setae; prespiracular area bare; postspiracular area with broad pale scales, setae present; subspiracular area with elongate patch of broad pale scales; paratergite with broad pale scales; upper proepisternum with patch of broad pale scales, 5–12 setae, lower area bare; mesokatepisternum with upper and lower patches of broad pale scales, few upper and numerous posterior setae; prealar knob with numerous setae, lower area with patch of broad pale scales; mesepimeron with large patch of broad pale scales on upper and median areas, numerous upper posterior setae, lower anterior setae present or absent; mesomeron bare, with dorsal margin well above hindcoxa; metameron bare.

Legs. Ante- and postprocoxal membranes bare; coxae with broad scales, with several setae; femora darkscaled with apex pale-scaled, also with incomplete, variously developed, pale-scaled stripe on anterior and posterior surfaces; tibiae dark-scaled, with few pale scales or band apically; tarsi dark-scaled or with narrow to moderate-sized pale-scaled bands basally on some tarsomeres and narrow pale-scaled bands apically on some tarsomeres; tarsi each with two ungues, equal in size, toothed.

Wing. Veins dark-scaled on dorsal and ventral surfaces except costa with narrow pale-scaled anterobasal area; remigial setae absent; vein R 2 longer than R 2+3; alula with row of narrow dark scales on posterior margin; upper calypter with row of numerous setae on posterior margin; halter with pedicel pale, capitellum with pale and few dark scales.

Abdomen. Terga dark-scaled, tergum I with laterotergite pale-scaled, terga II- VII with pale-scaled, basolateral patches, numerous short setae along posterior and lateral margins; sterna dark-scaled with basolateral white-scaled patches often connected basomesally; segments VII and VIII laterally compressed.

Genitalia. Tergum VIII moderately pigmented, covered with minute spicules, numerous short and few moderately long setae on distal 0.69–0.75, numerous spatulate scales on distal 0.44–0.65 (in Ta. togoi ) or small patch on each side of midline, total of approximately 14–16 scales (in Ta. savoryi ), apex gently convex with several short curved and five or six moderately long and long stout straight setae, basal margin wider and gently concave, basolateral seta minute, VIII-Te index 0.57–0.74, VIII-Te/IX-Te index 2.47–2.91, length 0.30–0.34 mm, width 0.43–0.53 mm; sternum VIII moderately pigmented, covered with minute spicules, with numerous curved short setae on distal 0.87–0.94. Several moderately long to long setae primarily on mesal area, patch of spatulate scales on each side (very large in Ta. togoi and small in Ta. savoryi ) on distal 0.65–0.79; apical margin with very shallow median emargination, with numerous short curved setae and three short straight setae on each side of midline, basal margin gently concave, basolateral seta absent, VIII-S index 0.70–0.75, length 0.40–0.43 mm, width 0.54–0.61 mm; tergum IX moderately pigmented, covered with minute spicules, those on basolateral area longer, comprising single moderately long and moderately wide plate with apical margin V-shaped, 9–17 short setae distally on each side of midline, 19–30 total setae, basal margin gently concave, IX-Te index 0.68–0.91, length 0.11–0.13 mm, width 0.14–0.18 mm; insula moderately pigmented, covered with minute spicules, liplike, four or five moderately long setae laterally on each side, eight or nine total setae; lower vaginal lip moderately pigmented, narrow, covered with minute spicules, lower vaginal sclerite absent; upper vaginal lip heavily pigmented, covered with minute spicules, narrow with posterior margin broadly rounded, upper vaginal sclerite absent, spermathecal eminence membranous, illdefined, somewhat broadly ovoid; postgenital lobe moderately pigmented, covered with short spicules, those on distal half of lateral margins longer, moderately long, moderately wide, apex sharply rounded ( Ta. togoi ) or flat ( Ta. savoryi ), basal area broad, 15–18 short and one (rarely two) moderately long setae distally on each side of midline, 33–37 total setae, ventral PGL /Ce index 0.59–0.71, dorsal PGL index 0.89–1.17, ventral PGL index 1.53–2.00, ventral length 0.14– 0.17 mm; proctiger with scattered minute spicules, membranous; cercus moderately pigmented, covered with short spicules, moderately long, moderately wide, apex broadly rounded with two moderately long (most lateral) and five to six long (most distal) setae, basal margin notched, dorsal surface with scales absent, several short and two to three long setae on distal 0.56–0.60, ventral surface with 2–4 short setae on apicolateral margin, cercus index 2.20–2.35, Ce/dorsal PGL index 2.38–2.94, length 0.23–0.25 mm, width 0.10–0.11 mm; three spermathecal capsules with several small pores near orifices, spherical, one capsule slightly larger than other two; accessory gland duct lightly pigmented, moderately long.

Males

Similar to females in general habitus.

Head. Antenna 0.56–0.61 ¥ length of proboscis, whorls with numerous long setae directed dorsally and ventrally, distal two flagellomeres elongate; maxillary palpus approximately 0.65–0.81 ¥ length of proboscis, with five narrow palpomeres, palpomeres 2 and 3 moderately long, palpomeres 4 and 5 shorter, with few short setae lateroventrally and apically; proboscis 1.20–1.34 ¥ length of forefemur.

Legs. Fore-, mid- and hindtarsi each with two ungues, each toothed, fore- and midungues unequal in size, hindungues equal in size.

Genitalia. Tergum IX narrowly connected laterally to sternum IX, moderately pigmented, short, pair of small approximated lobes on posterior margin, each with 4–16 short to moderately long slender curved setae, folded area on each side laterad of lobes; gonocoxite triangular in outline, moderately pigmented, moderately long spiculate dorsal surface with short slender setae on basomesal area and moderately long to long ones on distal area, dorsolateral, lateral and ventral surfaces with numerous spatulate scales from near base to apex, long stout setae on lateral and distal parts of ventral surfaces, ventral surface with basal area very wide, mesal margin bearing irregular row or two rows of numerous moderately long and long slender slightly curved fusiform scales on most of length; gonostylus attached apically to gonocoxite, moderately long, 0.50–0.60 ¥ length of gonocoxite, spiculate, narrow but proximal half broader and tapering to narrower distal half, 1–3 short thin setae subapically, gonostylar claw attached apically, short, narrow, apex truncate; claspette comprising moderately long spiculate slender stem with 0–2 minute setae subapically, connected with its mate by spiculate aedeagal guide, claspette filament pigmented, long, strongly curved, with apex narrowly pointed; proctiger with paraproct narrow, proximal part moderately pigmented, distal part darkly pigmented with apex strongly curved into short beaklike point, 2–5 minute cercal setae; tergum X moderately pigmented, relatively narrow, curved; phallosome with aedeagus simple, scooplike with apex narrowed, more or less ovoid, relatively short, paramere narrow, 0.70–0.95 ¥ length of aedeagus, basal piece moderately wide, moderately long; sternum IX with lateral, basal and median areas moderately pigmented, remainder lightly pigmented, moderately long, spiculate, with 4–8 short to moderately long setae on median posterior area.

Pupae

Cephalothorax. Seta 1-CT longer than 3-CT, 1–3-CT single to 4-branched; 4-CT single to 7-branched, shorter than 5-CT; 5-CT with 2–8 branches; 7-CT with 2–7 branches, 3.6–3.7 ¥ length of 6-CT; 10-CT <12- CT <11-CT length; 10-CT with 2–7 branches; 11-CT single to 3-branched; 12-CT single to 6-branched.

Trumpet. Index 2.05–3.13; pinna 0.42–0.61 ¥ length of trumpet; tracheoid area basal, weakly developed.

Abdomen. Seta 6-I single to 5-branched, noticeably thinner and shorter than 7-I; 1-II with 2–36 slender branches, moderately long; 2-II short, single or 2- branched, laterad of 1-II; 4-II with 2–9 branches; 5- II single to 4-branched, moderately long, slender, mesad of 4-II; 6-II single to 5-branched, shorter than 7-II; 1-III single to 8-branched; 3-III moderately long, single or 2-branched; 6-III moderately long, slender, single to 4-branched; 5- V stout, single to 3- branched, longer than tergum VI dorsal length; 2- VI single or 2-branched; 3- VI single to 4-branched, laterad of 1,2- VI; 6- VII short, single to 7-branched, posteromesad of 9- VII; 9- VII long, stout, with 2–9 branches; 9- VIII long, stout, with 6–19 aciculate branches.

Paddle. Broad; index 0.89–1.07; without fringe of long, hairlike spicules; midrib well developed, extending to near apex; seta 1-Pa single.

Fourth-instar larva

Head. Seta 1-C single, attenuate; 4-C short, with 4–8 branches, at same level or very slightly posterior to 5- C; 5-C inserted far anteriorly, moderately long, with 6–16 branches, laterad of 4-C; 6-C laterad of, and at same level as, 5-C, slightly longer than 5,7-C, with 6– 13 branches; 7-C posterolaterad of 4–6-C, with 6–10 branches; 11-C with 3–13 branches; 13-C single, laterad of 12-C; 19-C absent; dorsomentum with 20–36 teeth; labiogula short, length less than width; ventromedian cervical sclerite present.

Antenna. Short, spiculate, length 0.26–0.36 mm, seta 1-A with 3–6 branches (rarely 2-branched), not reaching apex of antennal shaft; 2,3-A inserted apically on shaft.

Thorax. Seta 1-P>2-P>3-P length; 4-P relatively long, aciculate, single; 8-P short, single or 2-branched; 5,7-M approximately equal in length; 2,6- T single.

Abdomen. Setae 6-I-IV long, stout, aciculate, 6-I–III with three or more branches, 6-II longer than 6-III; 7-I,II long, stout, aciculate, with 2-3 branches; 12-I short, single or 2-branched; 8-II short, with two or three branches; 3- V much longer than 5- V; 1- VII very short to short, slender, with 2–6 branches; 2- VII very short, single; 3- VII single or 2-branched; 12- VII single, posteromesad of 13- VII; 2,4- VIII single, 2- VIII rarely 2-branched; comb in patch of 42–167 scales; saddle small, length 0.25–0.53 mm, incomplete ventrally, with small spicules on posterodorsal area; 1-X short, single to 3-branched, inserted ventrad of saddle; 2-X relatively short, with 5–11 branches; 3-X long, single; 4-X comprised of 12–14 moderately long, multiple-branched setae attached to grid with both lateral and transverse bars (occasionally one precratal seta); 4 anal papillae, very short, with apices broadly rounded.

Siphon. Index 1.70–2.30, short, basal and apical widths approximately equal, with attached acus, pecten of 16–27 evenly spaced spines; 1-S long, aciculate, with 6–10 branches, inserted on distal 0.16–0.28 of siphon distad of pecten.