Elytropappus hispidus (Koekemoer, 1110)

Koekemoer, Marinda, 2019, Taxonomy and reclassification of South African Asteraceae genus Elytropappus (Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae), the description of two new genera and two new species, Phytotaxa 403 (4), pp. 248-284 : 266-267

Elytropappus hispidus (L.f.) Druce (1917: 621).

Basionym:— Gnaphalium hispidum Linnaeus (1782: 363) ; Homotypic synonyms:— Metalasia hispida (L.f.) Don (1826: 558); = Elytropappus spinellosus Cassini (1816: 199) .

Type:—Bockland, Thunberg s.n. sub THUNB-UPS 19176 (UPS!, holotype).

Heterotypic synonyms:— Ifloga setulosa Hutchinson (1917: 372) . Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape. Gifberg , 1–2 000ft, florets white, Phillips 7438 (BOL!, holotype; SAM!, isotype) .

= Elytropappus cyathiformis Candolle (1838: 257) , syn. nov. Type:—Africa Austr. ad Cederberg (Zeederbergen), pr. Ezelbank, in saxorum cacuminibus, alt. 4 000–5 000 ped. (ergo planta subalpina) m. Dec.. Drège 5676 (G-DC!, holotype; P!, sub Herb. Schultz Bipontinus, isotype).

Taxonomic note: — Elytropappus hispidus is known as the ‘lost type species’ of Elytropappus ( Nordenstam 1964) . Nordenstam did not, however, recognise that E. hispidus and a later name, E. cyathiformis , were conspecific. Scanning electron micrographs clearly show that the fruit with transverse ridges are identical in the two taxa. Although the fruit on the type specimens of E. hispidus is immature, the very distinctive cypsela sculpturing is easily distinguishable.

Although Levyns (1935a) claimed to have made the new combination of Elytropappus hispidus , it must be attributed to Druce (1917). It appears that Levyns (1935a) was not aware of the publication by Druce, hence her new combinations for E. hispidus , as well as Elytropappus scabrous (sic).

Usually a small, multi-stemmed shrub up to ± 0.3 m tall, branching copiously from ground level. Branches leafy for most of its length. Leaves linear to oblanceolate, twisted near the base, mucronate, closely set, erecto-patent, 2–10 mm long, to 1 mm wide, very sparsely glandular, often glabrous, margins slightly involute. Glands multicellular, stalks up to 0.5 mm long, base broad, narrowing into a slender stalk; heads multicellular, almost as broad as the base, secreting a sticky exudate. Capitula homogamous, discoid, 3- or 4-flowered, florets white, several heads massed together in terminal, rounded synflorescences. Disc florets up to 5 mm long, widening trumpet-like towards the tip, lobes reflexed and spreading, up to 5 mm in diam. at anthesis, cells on adaxial lobe surface much inflated, the lower third of the tube thickened and tough. Receptacle small, stalk-like. Involucral bracts ± 10, up to 5 mm long, adaxial surfaces hairy, tips shortly mucronate, rounded and slightly winged to the sides. Cypselas distinctly transversely ribbed, hard, usually brightly coloured in shades of yellow and orange; annulus distinct, well-developed. Pappus setae 14–18; 4.0– 4.5 mm long, fused at the base, barbed in lower half; plumose in upper half, plumes sporadically interspersed with barbs, somewhat congested towards the apex. Flowering mainly in September to December, occasionally also in January and February.

Diagnostic features: —Inflorescence in a terminal globule, floret lobes spreading, cypsela with unique horizontal ridges.

Conservation status: —Least Concern (http://Redlist.sanbi.org).

Distribution and habitat: — Western Cape, Cederberg, Cold Bokkeveld and west to the Klein Swartberg. In sand on stony slopes or level areas, where vegetation is short. Elevations 1 400–1 800 m. Figure 9 .

Specimens examined:— SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape. Ysterplek, Cold Bokkeveld Mt., 26 September 1936, Adamson1111 (PRE); Port Natal et Afr. Mer., Drege (G); Ceres Div., De Keur, 11 November 1946, Leighton 2286 (BOL, PRE); Promont b. Spei, Masson (BM); Herb Montin, Thunberg (S); Africa Australis: ‘Cap’, Thunberg (S); CBS, 1850, Wallich (& Hartman) (S); Hex River Mts., Erfdeel Farm, Rooiberg (1933AC), 25 November 2008, Godschalk RH034 (PRE); Van Rhynsdorp, Gifberg (3118DC), 18 September 1911, Phillips 7438 (BOL, SAM); Between Wupperthal & Eselbank (3119AC), 27 October 1977, Gouws 183 (PRE); Nieuwoudtville, Groot Tuin 563, V8 (3119CA), 12 January 2001, Pretorius 761 (PRE); Cederberg, Bosch Kloof (3218BB), 27 October 1923, Pocock 692 (NBG); Clanwilliam, Langeberg (3219AC), 15 December 1941, Compton 12756 (NBG); Clanwilliam, Cederberg Sneeuwkop (3219AC), 12 February 1936, Compton 6162 (BOL, NBG); Clanwilliam, Wabooms River(3219AC), 25 September 1936, Compton 6477 (NBG); Ezelbank (3219AC), 24 December 1839, Drege 5676 (G, G-DC, P); Wupperthal, between Wupperthal and Eselbank (3219AC), 27 October 1977, Emdon 183 (NBG, PRE); Clanwilliam Div., E side of Sneewberg (3219AC), 10 October 1946, Esterhuysen 13086 (BOL); Clanwilliam Div., Cederberg Mts., Langberg (3219AC), 15 December 1941, Esterhuysen 7302 (BOL, PRE, SAM); Clanwilliam Div., Cederberg, Langberg (3219AC), 15 December 1941, Esterhuysen PRE42394 (PRE); Between Ezelbank and Wupperthal (3219AC), 21 November 1995, Koekemoer 1110 (PRE); Wes Kaap: Citrusdal; Sneeuberghut in Sederberg, SO van Algeria bosboustasie (3219AC), 11 October 1994, Meyer 807 (PRE); Clanwilliam, Wupperthal (3219AC), October 1929, Thode A2017 (PRE); Clanwilliam-Ceres, Elandskloof (3219CA), 17 November 1941, Compton 12482 (NBG); Clanwilliam (Ceres), Elandskloof (3219CA), 29 September 1944, Compton 16170 (NBG) and 3 October 1940, Compton 9675 (NBG) and Esterhuysen 3281 (BOL, PRE) and 17 November 1941, Isaac s.n. (PRE); Wuppertal, Citrusdal, Middelberg, N of Middleberg Pass (3219CA), 4 November 1997, Hanekom 2948 (NBG, PRE); Koue Bokkeveld, Wagenboomsrivier 105, near Die Boom (3219CA), 26 November 2010, Helme 6740 (NBG); From Ceres on the rd. to Citrusdal (3219CA), 23 November 1995, Koekemoer 1113 (PRE); Clanwilliam Div., between Groot River & Elandskloof (3219CA), October 1939, Leipoldt 3264 (BOL); Elandskloof, Cold Bokkeveld (3219CA), 20 April 1935, Levyns 4887 (BOL) and 21 April 1935, Levyns 4919 (BOL) and 15 December 1935, Levyns 5111 (BOL, K, P, PRE, SAM) and 26 September 1936, Lewis 22033 (BOL); Kromrivier/ Breekkrans boundary (3219CB), 18 November 1985, Taylor 11424 (NBG, PRE); Wupperthal, Grootfontein farm, overlooking Dwars River (3219CC), 27 October 1972, Boucher 1978 (NBG, PRE); Ceres Dist., De Keur rocks (3219CD), 11 November 1946, Compton 8789 (NBG); Ceres, Schurweberg, Cold Bokkeveld (3219CD), 11 October 1952, Esterhuysen 20638 (BOL, PRE); Koude Bokkeveld in monte Tafelberg (3219CD), 22 January 1897, Schlechter 10103 (BOL); Ceres Div., Koude Bokkeveld, Tafelberg (3219CD), 22 January 1897, Schlechter 10113 (K); Clanwilliam Div., Twenty Four River Mts. above Porterville (3319AA), 22 October 1949, Esterhuysen 16110 (BOL); Ceres Div., Visgat, between Schurfteberg and Gt. Winterhoek Mts. (3319AA), October 1953, Stokoe SAM63951 (PRE, SAM); Ceres Div., Kleinveld, Cold Bokkeveld (3319AB), 1 October 1958, Esterhuysen 27916 (BOL, PRE); Gydoberg, just NW of Ertjieslandkloof waterfall (3319AB), 1 December 2007, Helme 5060 (NBG); Ceres Div., Gydoberg (3319AB), 10 November 1946, Leighton 2231 (BOL); Worcester (Ceres), Hartebeestkloof, S of Vaalboskloofberg (3319AB), 3 November 1974, Oliver 5171 (NBG, PRE); Ceres, De Keur (3319AD), 11 November 1946, Compton 18789 (NBG); Ceres Div., Ezelfontein, Hex River Mt., N side (3319AD), 12 October 1980, Esterhuysen 35531 (BOL, E, S); Ceres, Baviaanskloof, (3319BA), 2 February 1942, Compton 12857 (NBG); Baviaansberg (3319BA), 4 November 1962, Esterhuysen 29799a (BOL); De Straat, Ceres (3319BC), 26 September 1936, Compton 6476 (BOL, NBG); Conical Peak (3319BC), December 1940, Stokoe SAM58122 (SAM); Roodeberg (3319BC/DC), January 1940, Esterhuysen 1514 (BOL); Ceres-Worcester, Roodeberg, Hex River Mts. (3319BD), 27 December 1952, Esterhuysen 20923 (BOL, PRE); Ceres, De Straat (3319BD), 26 September 1936, Esterhuysen 6476 (NBG); Witteberg, S of Bantams (3319BD/ CA), 4 November 1963, Esterhuysen 30512 (BOL); Witteberg, above Elandsfontein (3320AD), 4 November 1963, Nordenstam 3260 (S) and 4 November 1963, Norlindh s.n. (S); Laingsburg, Bantams, Witteberg (3321AC), 27 October 1941, Compton 12139 (NBG); Elandskloof, between Vleiland and Seweweekspoort (3321AD), 21 February 1986, Moffett 3861 (PRE).

Figures

FIGURE 9. Known distribution of Elytropappus hispidus in South Africa.