Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis, Koekemoer, Marinda, 2019

Koekemoer, Marinda, 2019, Taxonomy and reclassification of South African Asteraceae genus Elytropappus (Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae), the description of two new genera and two new species, Phytotaxa 403 (4), pp. 248-284 : 258

Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis (L.f.) Koekemoer comb. nov.

Basionym:— Stoebe rhinocerotis Linnaeus (1782: 391) ; Homotypic synonyms:— Seriphium rhinocerotis (L.f.) Persoon (1807: 501); = Elytropappus rhinocerotis (L.f.) Lessing (1832: 344).

Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Thunberg s.n. sub THUNB-UPS 20982 (UPS!, lectotype, designated here).

Heterotypic synonyms:— Stoebe cupressina Rchb. ex Candolle (1838: 257) . Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Sieber 18 (S!, lectotype, designated here; P!, isolectotype; TUB, image!)

= Stoebe cernua Thunberg (1800: 170) ; = Seriphium cernuum (Thunb.) Persoon (1807: 501) ; = Elytropappus cernuus (Thunb.) Fourcade (1941: 24) . Type :— SOUTH AFRICA. Thunberg s.n. sub THUNB-UPS 20962 (UPS!, lectotype, designated here) .

= Seriphium adpressum Candolle (1838: 263) ; = Stoebe adpressa DC. (1865: 285) . Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape, Caledon division, Zoetemelks Vallei ; 3 February 1815, Burchell 7573 (G-DC!, lectotype, designated here; K!; P fragment!, isolectotype).

Taxonomic note:— This is probably the earliest South African Asteraceae species to be illustrated in a somewhat stylised illustration in Plukenetii: Pl. 445, fig. 4 (1705).

Single or multi-stemmed, much branched, erect, often rigid shrubs, up to 1.8 m tall, with a general grey-green appearance. Main stem up to 50 mm diam. Branches up to 8 mm diam., older branches grey, with a flaky outer bark, younger branches profusely branched into fine flowering shoots, up to 1 mm diam., these branches sparsely or densely white-tomentose to a variable degree. Leaves persistent for ± 2 or 3 seasons, generally deltate, scale-like and closely adpressed, rarely overlapping, 1.5 × 0.5 mm, occasionally lanceolate, 2.0 × 0.5 mm, and spreading somewhat, exposing the woolly white-tomentose stems; very densely glandular, glands small and sessile, usually not visible under a matted layer of hair; hair often saturated by exudate and then sticky. Capitula homogamous, discoid, (2- or) 3- flowered, solitary or in groups of 2–4, terminal on flowering shoots, occasionally on short, closely spaced brachyblasts on the upper part of branches, brachyblasts up to 30 mm long, pendular with solitary terminal floret head. Receptacle conical, stalk-like. Involucral bracts ± 20, outermost scale-like and leafy, innermost lanceolate, up to 4 × 1 mm, chaffy, tips of innermost bracts rounded and slightly winged on the sides. Disc florets very dark plum-red, tube up to 3 mm long, lobes remaining straight at anthesis. Cypselas up to 2 mm long, often a dark plum-red colour, asymmetrical, abaxial side smooth, adaxial side with 3 or 4 ribs, annulus well-developed. Pappus setae 10–18, fused at the base, plumose almost from the base, plumes ascending, of even length, tufted at the tips. Flowering mainly in March to June, occasionally in February, July and August.

Diagnostic features: —Innermost involucre bracts with rounded tips; leaves generally deltate, scale-like (occasionally lanceolate).

Conservation status: —Least Concern (http://Redlist.sanbi.org). Although the plants cannot be regarded as threatened, the habitat is under constant threat of destruction by farming practices.

Distribution and habitat: —Throughout the Fynbos area. Mountain Fynbos, at elevations of 200–1 900 m. In high rainfall areas it prefers fine-grained soils and dry aspects while in drier situations it would prefer moist slopes or river courses. Figure 7 .

Vernacular name:— Renosterbos

Notes: —Renosterbos ( Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis ) is used medicinally to treat stomach complaints and fevers ( Powrie 1995).

Specimens examined: — SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape. Prope Kaswasweeks prope Okiep, Namaland Minor, September 1882, Bolus 9566 (BOL); Little Namaqualand, Klipfontein Mt., September 1925, Meyer 3 (PRE); Swartbult kamp, Vaalwater, Nigramoep, 19 April 1979, Myburgh 6/79 (NBG); Little Namaqualand, opposite Klipfontein, 22 December 1910, Pearson 5950 (K, SAM); Vandersterrberg, Richtersveld above Khuboes (2817AC), 28 November 2001, Bergh 966 (NBG); Richtersveld National Park, Koeskop, Vandersterberg (2817AC), July 1995, Williamson 5621 (NBG); Richtersveld, Kuboes Farm 600, Cornelsberg (2817CA), 30 March 2001, Desmet 3160 (NBG); Richtersveld, Cornellsberg in Stinkfontein Mts. (2817CA), 5 September 1977, Oliver, Tolken & Venter 677 (K, NBG, PRE); Richtersveld, Cornellberg (2817CA), 19 September 1983, Williamson 3300 (BOL); Richtersveld, Stinkfonteinberg (2817CA), 25 September 1984, Williamson 3333 (BOL); Namaqualand, Steinkopf 22, E of Eyams (2917BC), 4April 2001, Desmet 3273 (NBG); Concordia (2917BD), August 1932, Levyns 3896 (BOL); W of Springbok on rd. to Kleinzee (2917DA), 24 April 2000, Bergh 319 (NBG); Namaqualand, from Springbok to Kleinzee, near Tierhaak (2917DA), 5 February 1991, Koekemoer 517 (PRE); W of Springbok on Kleinzee rd. (2917DA), 21 August 1982, Le Roux 2943 (PRE); Namaqualand Klipkoppe, Farm Ezelfontein 214, N of Naries farmstead (2917DA), 3 September 1985, Le Roux 3328 (NBG); Spektakelberg, W of Springbok on Grootmis Rd (2917DA), April 1975, Tinley 3028 (K, PRE); Hester Malan Nature Reserve, near Kleigat (2917DB), 13 July 1982, AE van Wyk 5740 (PRE); Nababiep rd., near Okiep (2917DB), 20 July 1924, Levyns 1492a (BOL); Namakwa National Park, Kanariesfontein turn-off from Soebatsfontein-Springbok rd., on route to Kykokeis (2917DC), 14 August 2009, Koekemoer 3775 (PRE); Hester MalanNature Reserve, Tierkloof River (2918CA), 15 February 1979, Van der Westhuizen 65/79 (NBG); Farm Toeneus, rd. from Soebatsfontein to the N7 just S of Kamieskroon (3017BB), 24 November 2001, Bergh 964 (NBG); Kammieskroon, Genis Pass (3017BB), 8 July 1957, Jordaan 1223 (NBG); Kamiesberg, E of Kamieskroon (3017BB), 16 September 2000, Koekemoer 1953 (PRE); Farm Olienfontein in the Kammiesberg (3017BB), 19 September 1985, Zietsman 1015 (PRE); Namaqualand, NW of Kotzesrus, on farm De Witflacte 551 (3017DD), 20 July 2005, Snijman 2001 (NBG); W of Leliefontein, near intersection with rd. to Kamieskroon, Kamiesberg peak (3018AC), 28 October 1999, Bergh 76 (NBG); Kammiesberg, from Garies to Kammiesberg, Stueder’s Pass (with galls) (3018AC), 27 August 1967, Marsh 472 (NBG, PRE); Leliefontein, from Leliefontein on rd. to Kamieskroon (3018AC), 29 August 1995, Rodriguez-Oubina 2062 (PRE) and 24 August 1995, Rodriguez-Oubina 2063 (PRE); Kammiesberge, Leliefontein, farm Ezelfontein (3018AC), 12 August 1986, Van Blerk 32 (NBG, PRE); Garies, Namaqualand (3018CA), July 1923, Laider s.n. (BOL); Colesberg (3025CA), Shaw (K); Knersvlakte, Brand-se-Baai, Houtkraal 143, Namaqua Sands mine site, NE of Sandkop, near Reservoir (3117BB), 26 March 2003, Desmet 3488 (NBG); Nieuwoudtville, Van Rhyns Pass (3119AC), 4 April 1974, Goldblatt 1334 (P, PRE); Van Rhyns Pass (3119AC), 11 September 1990, Koekemoer 424 (PRE); Nieuwoudtville Wild Flower Reserve (3119AC), 6 December 1983, Perry 2473 (NBG); Nieuwoudtville, Oorlogskloof Nature Reserve (3119AC), 22 June 1988, Pretorius 30 (NBG, PRE); Calvinia, N of town (3119BD), 25 September 1952, Maguire 1959 (NBG); Calvinia, Hantam Mts., N of Calvinia (3119BD), August 1912, Marloth 10277 (PRE); Calvinia, Hantamsberg (3119BD), 26 February 1926, Smith 2483 (K, PRE); Saaikloof, SW of Nieuwoudtville (3119CA), 7 May 1971, Oliver 3385 (NBG, PRE); Farm Mensieskraal, on rd. from Ceres/Pakhuis to Niewoudtville/ Calvinia rd., just before intersection with Niewoudtville/Calvinia rd. (3119CB), 28 October 1999, Bergh 62 (NBG); Calvinia, Roggeveld Area (3119DB), 1936, Schmidt 589 (PRE); Roggeveld, Droëkloof (3120CC), 23 September 2002, Rösch 142 (NBG); Roggeveld escarpment near Middelpos, rd. from Calvinia to Sutherland (R354) (3120CD), 20 December 2001, Bergh 990 (NBG); Colesberg, from Naawpoort on Dwaal rd. (3124BB), 12 May 1938, Acocks 8688 (K, PRE); Roggeveld, Soekop, Rooipunt camp (3220AA), 17 June 2005, Rösch 293 (NBG); Roggeveld, Soekop, Soutbosse camp (3220AA), 18 September 2007, Rösch 760 (NBG); Roggeveld, Soekop, E of Ou Soekop old lands (3220AA), 18 September 2007, Rösch 767 (NBG); Tankwa Karoo National Park, between Quaggasfontein and Uitkyk (3220AD), 7 September 2013, Koekemoer 4431 (PRE); Sutherland (3220BC), July 1929, Levyns 3073 & 3074 (BOL);; Roggeveld Escarpment, Komsberg Pass (3220DB), 31 May 2000, Bergh 374 (NBG); Aarfontein farm, between Sutherland and Fraserburg (3221AD), 21 September 1985, Moffett 3744 (K, NBG, PRE); Waterval, Sutherland, Sterkboomkloof (3221BA), 28 February 1986, Moffett & Steensma 4038 (NBG, PRE); Bushmanland, Zuurberg (Anegas) (3319AD), 14 January 1911, Pearson 6272 (K); Western Cape. Between Paarl and Lady Grey Railway Bridge, March, Drege (K); Zwischen Paarl und Pont, March, Drege (S); In clivis collis, April 1908, Dümmer 1337 (E); Stellenbosch, berge zwischen Hottentotsholland & Caledon, Ecklon & Zeyher 101 (S); Cap., Bergplätze bei der Kapstadt, March, Ecklon & Zeyher 491 (64.3) (P, S); CBS, Guineus (P); Sine Loc., 2 April 1947, Heyns 15472 (NBG); Central Karroo, Kivorsch Mts., 4 March 1929, Hutchinson 3087 (BOL, K, PRE); South Africa, Langley Kitching (K); Hercules Pillar, Paarl Div. 14 June 1931, Levyns 3094 (BOL); Riversdale Div., Herbertsdale, in Langeberg, 12 May 1915, Muir 2063 (PRE); Cap, Mundt et Maire (E); Afr. Austr.: Cap Bona Spei, Osbeck & Sparrman (S); Between top of Leeufontein Pass and Hottentotskloof, 28 November 1908, Pearson 3204 (K); Near Leeufontein, 28 November 1908, Pearson 3210 (BOL, K); Between Ceres and Leeufontein, 28 November 1908, Pearson 3251 (K); Cape, along Leeuwfontein Rd., 27 November 1908, Pearson 3510 (K, NBG, PRE); Piquetberg Div., Mountains Vley, 6 November 1934, Pillans 7169 (BOL); Outeniqua Mts., 7 July 1949, Pocock 54 (E); CBS, Prior (K); Tulbagh Rd, July 1916, Rogers 16092 (PRE); Tulbagh Rd, July 1916, Rogers 17048 (P); Sieber Fl. cap. no. 18 (P, S); Sieber Flora mixta no. 50 (S); Thunberg (S); Beaufort West Div., Nieuwveld Mts. (3119AC), September 1940, Esterhuysen 2754 (BOL); Cedarberg, between Kalkoenfontein & Perdekloof flats (3119AC), 9 February 1978, Thompson 3661 (PRE); Zeekoevlei near Clanwilliam (3218BA), September 1925, Levyns 1215 (BOL); Clanwilliam, Pakhuis Pass, Kleinkliphuis (3218BB), 7 March 1991, Koekemoer 581 (PRE); Piquetberg, (3218DA), July 1937, Stokoe 4789 (BOL); Piquetberg, Kapteins Kloof (3218DC), 2 April 1938, Acocks 8616 (K, PRE); Kapteinskloof, Piketberg (3218DC), 2 April 1938, Acocks s.n. (BOL); Bottom of Versvelds Pass, Piquetberg (3218DD), 5 November 1934, Pillans 7134 (BOL); Cederberg, E side of Pakhuis Pass (3219AA), 21 March 1996, Koekemoer 1225 (PRE); Pakhuis Pass (3219AA), 9 May 1989, Taylor 12055 (NBG, PRE); Between Dwars River & Uitkyk Pass, Cederberg (3219AC), 4 April 1952, Levyns 9820 (BOL); Elandskloof, Cold Bokkeveld (3219CA), 21 April 1935, Levyns 4913 & 4925 (BOL); In convallibus prope Murraysburg (3219CA), March 1879, Tyson 335 (SAM); Matjiesrivier Nature Reserve (3219CB), 13 March 1997, Lechmere-Oertel 610 (NBG); Cederberg, Gonnafontein (3219CB), 1 April 2000, Pond 42 (NBG); Clanwilliam, Thee River Kloof (3219CC), April 1949, Stokoe SAM63091 (SAM); Rosendal in the Cold Bokkeveld (3219CD), 12 March 1938, Acocks 8600 (K, PRE); From Citrusdal to Ceres, near Skurweberg in the Koue Bokkeveld (3219CD), 28 February 2000, Bergh 201 (NBG); NE of Ceres, Knolfontein, Swartruggens (3219DC), 17 March 2008, Jardine 825 (NBG); Ceres, farm Rietvlei, Katbakkies Pass (3219DC), 22 September 1991, Koekemoer 749 (PRE); Kagga Kamma Natuurreservaat (3219DC), 5 October 1994, Meyer 762 (PRE); Karoo National Park, Wagenpadskloof (3222AB), 8 June 1984, Shearing 571 (PRE); Karoo National Park, Blou Puts Corner (3222AD), 12 April 1984, Braack 126 (PRE); R381 from Beaufort West to Loxton, Molteno Pass (3222BA), June 2000, Bergh 795 (NBG); Beaufort West, Nuweveld Mts., Mountain View Farm (3222BD), 18 April 1978, Gibbs Russell, Robinson & Herman 399 & 4323 (PRE); Beaufort West, Nuweveld Mts. (3222BD), 15 February 1978, Gibbs Russell, Robinson, Herman & Dowling 232 (BOL, PRE); Mamre (3318AD), 29 June 1983, Cowan 3 (PRE); Riebeecks Kasteel (3318BD), 14 May 1931, Levyns 3105 (BOL); Mamre (3318CB), 9 April 1974, Goldblatt 1463 (PRE); N of Groene Kloof, Malmesbury Div. (3318CB), May 1930, Pillans 6329 (BOL); N of Groene Kloof, Malmesbury Dist. (3318CB), May 1930, Pillans s.n. (K); Rd. to Table Mt. (3318CD), 31 August 1996, Bayer s.n. (NBG); Rhode’s Memorial, on path from University to Rhode’s Memorial (3318CD), 1 May 2001, Bergh 950 (NBG); Cape flats near Rondebosch (3318CD), 14 December 1810, Burchell 159 (K); Escarp of Table Mt. (3318CD), 26 February 1960, Debeaux 53 (P); Kirstenbosch, N of Window Stream (3318CD), May 1946, Esterhuysen 12794 (BOL) and 31 April 1950, Esterhuysen 16933 (BOL); Signal Hill (3318CD), 15 May 1890, Guthrie 460 (BOL); Signal Hill, Cape Town (3318CD), July 1925, Levyns 1445 (BOL, K and 9 June 1929, Levyns 2679 (BOL); Cape Town, Signal Hill, near Kramat (3318CD), 16 July 2003, Manning 2844 (NBG); Cape Town, near Molteno reservoir (3318CD), Marloth 11082 (PRE); Kapstat (3318CD), January 1887, Marloth 1676 (PRE); Camps Bay (3318CD), 14 April 1918, Pillans 2931 (PRE); N side of Kirstenbosch ridge (3318CD), June 1927, Pillans 6796 (BOL); Cape Town (3318CD), 1909, Worsdell (K); Malmesbury Dist., Burgers Post farm, near Pella, Fynbos Biome Research Site (3318DA), 4 July 1979, Boucher & Shepherd 4399 (NBG, PRE); Klein Dassenberg, Kanonkop (3318DA), 3 May 1986, Fellingham 1087 (NBG); Cape Town, Malmesbury rd. (3318DA), 9 March 1973, Montgomery 377 (NBG); Wellington (3318DB), July 1925, Adamson 1444 (K, BOL); Paarl, NE of Nantesdam (3318DB), 3 April 1962, Kruger M81 (NBG, PRE); Paardeberg, Modderkloof (3318DB), 17 May 2011, Nicholson 56 (NBG); Paardeberg, Malmesbury Div. (3318DB), May 1927, Pillans 5784 (BOL) and 5 August 1935, Pillans 7653 (BOL); N of Kanonberg, Brackenfel (3318DC), 10 April 1933, Acocks 1412 (S); Malmesbury, at turnoff from town to N7 S (3318DC), 18 October 2000, Bergh 880 (NBG); Stellenbosch flats (3318DC), March 1926, Duthie 1836 (BOL); Tygerberg (3318DC), 11 August 1926, Levyns 2022 (BOL); Vogelvley (3318DC), 23 April 1897, Schlechter 10480 (BOL, E, K, P, PRE, S); Pone Vogelvley in collibus (3318DC), 23 April 1897, Schlechter 1936 (PRE); Near Bottelary Rd. (3318DD), March 1932, Acocks 113 (S) and May 1932, Acocks 381 (S); Gada Happs-Udden, Stellenbosch (3318DD), April 1853, Andersson s.n. (S); Jonkershoek Forest Station, Kleinplaas (3318DD), 9 May 1936, Borchardt 11 & 1559 (PRE); Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Mts. behind Coetzenburg gym (3318DD), 12 June 1963, Bos 37 (NBG, PRE); Between Stellenbosch and Cape Flats (3318DD), 12April 1815, Burchell 8371 (K); Cape Province, Muldersvlei, farm Joostenburg (3318DD), 20 February 1911, Burtt-Davy 12508 (PRE); Stellenbosch, near Eersterivier (3318DD), April 1926, Duthie 488a (BOL); Stellenbosch Flats (3318DD), 26 July 1919, Garside 1240 (K); McGregor Dist., farm Frolikheid (3318DD), 1971, Jooste 28 (NBG); Stellenbosch, R44 (3318DD), 25 October 2011, Koordom MEK026 (NBG); Stellenbosch, Ida’s Valley (3318DD), July 1925, Levyns 1443 (BOL, K); Stellenboschberg (3318DD), 25 September 1987, Marais S5 (NBG); Saron, Tulbagh Div. (3319AA), August 1926, Leipoldt s.n. (BOL); Worcester, Rocklands Farm, N of Ceres (3319AB), 10 March 1981, Hugo 2513 (PRE); Ceres, Gydo Pass (3319AB), 9 March 1991, Koekemoer 614 (PRE) and 22 December 1937, Wall, Erik (S); Witzenberg range near Tulbagh (3319AC), 17 April 1811, Burchell 8730 (K); Railway crossing between Bainskloof and Mitchels Pass (3319AC), 14 October 1968, Marsh 1069 (NBG); Tulbagh Valley (3319AC), September 1926, Pillans 18717 (BOL); Merino Farm, Waboomberg (3319BA), 13 October 1995, Meyer 1121 (PRE); Between Hottentotskloof and Karoopoort (3319BA), 19 November 1908, Pearson 4806 (K); Karoo, between Karoopoort and Zoutpansdrift (3319BA), 30 November 1908, Pearson 5019 (K); Ceres, Swart Ruggens Mts., near Karoopoort (3319BA), May 1952, Stokoe SAM65918 (PRE, SAM); Worcester Div., Karadouws Mts. near Orchard (3319BC), Esterhuysen 10330 (PRE); Van Wyksdorp, S of Roodeberg (3319BC), July 1929, Levyns 2635 (BOL); Kareekloof, N of Verkeerdevlei (3319BC), 24 September 1986, Oliver 1 (NBG); De Doorns (3319BC), 21 June 1924, Shantz 456 (K); De Doorns (3319BC), 14 January 1983, Van der Westhuizen 72 (PRE); Hex River Pass (3319BD), 13 January 1951, Davidson 24934 (PRE); De Doorns, Verkeerdevlei, N of national rd. (3319BD), 13 June 1975, Durand 9 (NBG); Worcester Karoo Garden (3319CB), 24 March 1949, Compton 21650 (NBG); Dist. Worcester (3319CB), 1959, Cooper 1673 & 1693 (E); Worcester (3319CB), 17 May 1944, Esterhuysen 10148 (BOL, NBG, PRE); Worcester Veld Reserve (3319CB), 13 August 1986, Midgeley & Bossenberg 44 (NBG) and February 1963, Olivier 223 (NBG, PRE) and 30 December 1946, Van Breda 6 (PRE); In montibus supra Worcester (3319CB), 1875–1880, Rehman 2639 (K); Karoo Botanical Garden (3319CB), 1980, Rossouw 58225 (PRE); Worcester, Karoo Garden Veld (3319CB), 1980, Rossouw s.n. (NBG, PRE); Worcester commonage (3319CB), 21 April 1965, Van Breda & Joubert 1812 (PRE); Worcester, Brandwagt, Fairy Glen (3319CB), 4 August 1959, Van Breda SKF 576 (K, PRE); Worcester, near Rabie Ave. rail bridge (3319CB), 30 April 1977, Walters 631 (NBG); French Hoek (3319CC), May, Guthrie s.n. (BOL, NBG); Villiersdorp, Jonas Kop (3319CD), 17 April 1975, Bayliss 1401 (PRE); Brandvlei; S van gevangenis Bacchus substasie (3319CD), 12 March 1985, Van der Kooij 1112 (PRE); Farm Doringkloof, Voetpadsberg (3319DA), 8 June 1985, CM van Wyk 2396 (BOL, NBG, PRE); Worcester Div., Keeromsberg (3319DA), 18 May 1944, Esterhuysen 10152 (BOL, PRE); Roggeveld, Blaukrantz Pass (3319DB), 7 December 1908, Pearson 4980 (K); Rd. up Jonaskop Mt. (3319DC), 4 September 1996, Bayer s.n. (NBG) and 15 September 2000, Bergh 871 (NBG); Madeba Farm, W of Robertson (3319DC), 3 May 1986, Hilton-Taylor 1056 (NBG, PRE); Robertson, Vrolikheid Nature Reserve (3319DD), 8 April 1974, Theron & Students 3078 (PRE) and 9 April 1974, Theron & Students 3220 (PRE); Matjiesfontein, Tweedside (3320AB), 1 June 1925, Marloth 12061 (NBG, PRE); E of Touws River (3320AC), 13 June 1965, Acocks s.n. (PRE); Matjiesfontein, Witteberg (3320BA), July 1925, Adamson 1441 (BOL, K) and February 1883, Rehman 2932 (K); Matjiesfontein (3320BA), July 1925, Adamson 1442 (K, BOL); Witteberg Mt. (3320BA), 8 August 1933, Humbert 9752 & 9812 & 9819 (PRE); Karroo, E of Montagu (3320BA), 27 May 1935, Taylor 377 (BOL); Matjiesfontein (3320BA), February 1918, Thode 3011 (NBG, PRE); Witteberg Mts., above Bantam’s station (3320BC), 7 June 1979, Campbell 11652 (NBG); Laingsburg, Whitehill (3320BC), 2 March 1942, Compton 13046 (NBG) and 20 March 1944, Compton 15612 (NBG) and 26 February 1940, Compton 8506 (NBG); Matjiesfontein (3320BC), June 1908, Pearson 1571 (NBG); Waboomsberge, Pypsteelfontein, N of Koo Valley (3320CA), 3 March 1986, Moffett 4092 (PRE); Little Namaqualand, NE of Stinkfontein (3320CB), 6 December 1910, Pillans 5631 (K); Cogmans Kloof (3320CC), 2 February 1894, Kuntze (K) and October 1922, Michell 70 (PRE); Montagu, Fonteinkloof near Driefontein between Montagu and Karreevlakte (3320CC), 14 July 1954, Stokoe SAM68738 (PRE, SAM); Swellendam, Leeuw River Berg (3320CD), April 1941, Stokoe 8143 (BOL); Anysberg (3320DA), 20 May 1950, Esterhuysen 17039 (BOL); Montagu, Barrydale, Tradouws Pass on rd. to Swellendam (3320DC), 23 October 1971, Schlieben & Ellis 12372 (NBG, PRE); Ladismith, Seweweekspoort (3321AD), 4 August 1976, Bayliss 6268 (PRE); Elandskloof between Vleiland & Seweweekspoort (3321AD), 22 February 1986, Moffett & Steensma 3922 (NBG, PRE); Seven Weeks Poort (3321AD), September 1912, Phillips 1455 (SAM); Gamkaskloof (3321BC), 8 September 2001, Van Wyk 360 (PRE); Laingsburg Div., Witteberg (3321CA), 31 October 1924, Compton 2664 (BOL); Little Karoo, Noukloof Nature Reserve (3321CA), 12 July 1982, Laidler 138 (NBG, PRE); Ladismith Nat. Res., SW of Ladismith (3321CA), 9 August 1988, Powrie 672 (NBG); Garcia’s Pass, Muiskraal, N of Riversdale on rd. from Riversdale to Ladismith (3321CC), 11 March 2006, Bergh 270 (NBG); Long Kloof Mts. near W bank of Wagenbooms River (3321DC), 11 March 1814, Burchell 4899 (K); Swartberg Pass (3322AA), 1 May 1974, Goldblatt 1720 (PRE); Prince Albert, Swartberg Pass (3322AC), 11 April 1938, Acocks 8624 (K, PRE); Swartberg pass, S side, N of where Calitzdorp rd. meets Prince Albert, Oudtshoorn rd. (3322AC), 27 June 2000, Bergh 614 (NBG); Boomplaas, Cango Caves (3322AC), 25 June 1974, Moffett 87 (NBG); Dist. Prince Albert, Swartberg Pass, N-side (3322AC), May 1926, Pocock 37 (BOL, PRE); Prince Albert rd., between Klaarstroom and Prince Albert Road (3322AD), 28 February 1912, Burtt-Davy 12725 (PRE); Oudtshoorn, E of De Rust, Spekboomveld (3322BC), 17 March 1959, Acocks 20398 (K, NBG, PRE); De Rust, PMK le Rouxs’ farm, Doornkraal (3322CB), 28 May 1971, Dahlstrand 2015 (NBG, PRE); De Rust, PMK le Rouxs’ farm, Die Krans (3322CB), 29 May 1971, Dahlstrand 2050 (NBG, PRE); Outeniqua Mt, from Robinsons Pass to Sebrafontein (3322CC), 5 April 1979, Campbell 13473 (NBG); Jonkershoek Dist., Groot Doringbos Farm Zebra (3322CC), 26 November 1995, Van Wijk 1703 (PRE); Oudtshoorn, George, Waboomskraal (3322CD), 18 June 1970, Ofsowitz 20 (NBG, PRE); Oudtshoorn, farm Doornkraal (PMK le Roux) (3322DA), 4 June 1972, Dahlstrand 2266 (NBG, PRE); Oudtshoorn, farm Drinkrivier, De Rust (3322DA), 30 March 1974, Dahlstrand 2499 (PRE); De Rust, farm Doornkraal (3322DA), 19 March 1976, Dahlstrand 3586 & 3597 (PRE); Near Herold on Paardeberg (3322DC), 4 March 2003, Koekemoer 2635 (PRE); Ezelsjacht Poort, George (3322DC), 31 July 1956, Levyns 10555 (BOL); Gwarriepoort area, Farm Keurfontein, SW from Willowmore (3323AD), 2 June 2003, Bester 4163 (PRE) and 28 March 2004, Bester 4950 (PRE); Willowmore, Antoniesberg, Misgund Annex 18 (3323AD), 25 June 1994, Van Wijk 1261 (PRE); W end of Baviaanskloof, E Cape, near Vaalwater (3323BC), 11 March 2000, Bergh 238 (NBG); Old pass between Uniondale and Avontuur (3323CA), April 1928, Fourcade 3804 (BOL, NBG); Cape, Haarlem (3323CB), April 1930, Thode A2445 (PRE); Keurbooms River (3323CC), 30 December 1963, Esterhuysen 30605 (BOL, K, S); Keurbooms River, Long Kloof (3323CD), April 1928, Fourcade 3816 (BOL); Oudtshoorn, The Hon. PMK le Roux’s farm Doornkraal, De Rust (3325DC), 28 March 1973, Dahlstrand 2361 (NBG, PRE); Little Lion‘s Head, between Hout Bay and Llandudno, Cape Peninsula (3418AB), Bergh 992 (NBG); Cape, Noordhoek Peak (3418AB), 8 April 1939, Pillans s.n. (BOL, NBG); ‘Bergvliet’, near Diep River (3418AB), May 1916, Purcell 16371 (BOL); Constantia, Farm Bergfliet (3418AB), Purcell SAM90512 (SAM); Cape Flats (3418BA), 29 July 1933, Humbert 9361 (PRE); Wynberg flats (3418BA), 8 March 1847, Prior (K); Sir Lowrys Pass (3418BB), Ecklon & Zeyher SAM38477 (SAM); Gordons Bay (3418BB), 21 December 1949, Faure H771 (PRE); Caledon, Koegelberg Reserve, Paardeberg (3418BB), 6 March 1963, Grobler 32322 (PRE); Somerset West (3418BB), 25 May 1940, Parker 3507 (BOL, K, NBG); Ceres, above Hottentotskloof (3418BB), 29 November 1908, Pearson 4934 (K, NBG, PRE); Helderberg Nature Reserve, W forest Jeep track (3418BB), 15 April 1993, Runnalls 485 (NBG); Stellenbosch Distr., between Van der Stel and Sir Lowreys Pass stations (3418BB), March 1930, Smith 6041 (PRE); Somerset West (3418BB), 03 April 1970, Wells 4318 (PRE); Kogel Bay (3418BD), 28 August 1971, Bohlman & Bornowski 3 (NBG); Caledon, Palmietrivermond, Paardeberg (3418BD), 6 March 1963, Grobler 32322 (NBG); S Hottentots Holland Mts., Kogelberg State Forest (3418BD), 17 March 1993, Kruger 1024 (PRE); Elgin Dist., applefarm of Mr. E. Curry (3419AA), 21 January 1972, Dahlstrand 2214 & 2215 (NBG, PRE); Between Grabouw and Villiersdorp, Viljoen’s Pass (3419AA), 13 March 1991, Koekemoer 634 (PRE); Elgin Basin, Arieskraal Farm (portion Solva) (3419AA), 2 April 1993, Rode 76 (NBG); Hermanus, on R43, farm Hoopjesrivier (3419AC), 1 March 1991, Koekemoer 547 (PRE); Caledon, Shaws Pass (3419AD), 20 August 1953, Stokoe SAM65917 (SAM); SW Cape, from Genadendal on the rd. to Caledon (3419BA), 30 March 1996, Koekemoer 1265 & 1267 (PRE); Genadendal, Boesmanskloof rd. between Genadendal and Greyton (3419BA), 30 March 1996, Koekemoer 1275 (PRE); Caledon, Skilpadkop, Riviersonderend Mts. (3419BA), April 1941, Stokoe SAM58117 (SAM); Ceres, Bokkerivier Farms (3419BB), 8 November 1963, Booysen 71 (NBG); Napier (3419BD), July 1945, De Kock s.n. (NBG); Napier (3419BD), 15 June 1946, Jordaan 49 & 849 (NBG); Napier, Skurfkop (3419BD), January 1937, Jordaan 846 & 847 & 848 (NBG);Baardskeerdersbos, (3419DA), 19 March 2000, Bergh 301 (NBG); Bredasdorp, Nasionale Bontebok Park (3420AB), 25 June 1953, Brynard 228 (PRE); Swellendam, Bontebok National Park, near Elsieskraal Camp site (3420AB), 3 March 1991, Koekemoer 557 (PRE); Swellendam (3420AB), 16 February 1927, Watt & Brandwyk 1817 (PRE); Bredasdorp (3420AC), 11 March 1983, Keetch 7208 (PRE); De Hoop Nature Reserve (3420AD), 28 May 2007, Cowell MSBP3364 (NBG); Riversdale, Heidelberg (3420BB), 23 February 1912, Burtt-Davy 12565 (NBG, PRE); Swellendam Div.; S by E of Buffeljachtsrivier (3420BC), 4 December 1968, Acocks 24172 (PRE); De Hoop, Potberg Nature Reserve, S side (3420BC), 17 September 1980, Burgers 2550 (NBG); Near Bredasdorp (3420CA), April 1933, Bolus 20539 (BOL, K); Bredasdorp (3420CA), 25 June 1953, Braynard 228 (K); Riversdale, Oakdale (3421AA), June 1930, Burger 3071 & 3072 (BOL) and 19 November 1929, Levyns 2852 & 2853 (BOL); Caledon Div., Zoetemelks Valley (3421AB), 13 February 1815, Burchell 7573 (G-DC, K,P); from Albertinia to Riversdale (3421AB), 2April 1996, Koekemoer1287 (PRE); Riversdale, Zoetmelksfontein (3421AB), May 1909, Muir 277 (PRE); Albertinia, W of town on main rd. (3421AD), 10 April 1979, Bohnen 5463 (NBG, PRE); Near Albertina (3421BA), 14 September 1947, Rodin 1339 (BOL, K, P, PRE); Gouritz River Mouth (3421BD), 27 May 1984, O’Callaghan, Fellingham, Van Wyk 321 (NBG, PRE); Mossel Bay, on rd. to Albertinia (3422AA), 27 January 2001, Meyer BP00451 (PRE); E of river (3422AA), 26 May 1984, O’Callaghan, Van Wyk & Fellingham 284 (NBG, PRE); Kranshoek Viewpoint (3423AA), 23 April 1984, Bredenkamp 105 (PRE); Knysna village, hills above village (3423AA), October 1922, Keet 1028 (PRE); Knysna Village (3423AA), October 1911, US 15472 (NBG); Redburn, near Plettenberg Bay (3423AB), February 1926, Duthie 1035 (BOL, NBG); Plettenberg Bay (3423AB), 16 May 1924, Kapp 2 (PRE); Eastern Cape. Grahamstown, Alicedale Dam (3321AC), 7 June 1970, Brink 110 (PRE); Dist. Aberdeen, E of Klein Swartberg P.O., 6 January 1936, Acocks 5417 (S); Groenkloof, April, Ecklon & Zeyher 606 (66.4) (S); Prope Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage Dist., Winterhoek Mts., 15 September 1930, Fries, Norlindh & Weimarck (K); Near Apple Tree, Katberg 27 November 1928, Hutchinson 1665 (K); Middelburg, Carlton Hills between Carlton and Ludlow (3124BD), 5 May 1938, Acocks 8639 (K, PRE); Mt. Langes, Sneeuberg near Compassberg (3124CB), September 1866, Bolus 506 (BOL); In montibus Sneewbergen dictis in ditione Graaff-Reinet (3124CB), July 1899, Bolus 6470 (legit Rattray) (BOL); Kompasberg, SW of Middelburg, directly N of Nieu-Bethesda (3124DA), 6 October 2000, Koekemoer 1981 (PRE); N9 Middelburg to Graaff-Reinet, at Dwarsvlei turn right and up onto Renosterberg (3124DB), 11 June 1999, Nienaber 434 (PRE); Naudesberg Pass (3124DC), 2 March 1973, Botha 367 (PRE); S of Nieu Bethesda on Rooiberg Rd. to Graaff-Reinet (3124DC), 7 October 2000, Koekemoer 1983 (PRE); Compassberg (3124DC/DD), 23 July 1951, Levyns 9605 (BOL) andApril 1869, Shaw (K); Middelburg (Cape), on Rietpoort Rd. (3125AC), 8 March 1954, Commins 722 (K, PRE); Cape, Middelburg, Nooitgedacht (3125AC), 17 December 1927, Watt & Brandwyk 1714 (PRE); Sneeuberg, between Cradock & Nieu-Bethesda, just E of Wapadsberg pass (3125CC), 16 July 2000, Bergh 817 (NBG); Molteno (3126AB), Dreyer 21 (PRE); Stormberg, intersection of Sterkstroom & Queenstown-Aliwal North rd. (3126DA), 29 June 2000, Bergh 751 (NBG); Queenstown, Hanklip Mt. (3126DD), 31 December 1962, Roberts 1999 (PRE); In montibus Sneeubergen diatis, In ditione Graaff-Reinet (3224AB), 1899, Ratray 6470 (K); Jansenville (3224DC), 23 March 1947, Theron 237 (PRE); Oudeberg, Graaff-Reinet (3224DD), 18 July 1951, Levyns 9593 (BOL); Cradock, Berkwagga Park (3225AB&AD), 20 March 1969, Muller 572 (PRE); Cradock, National Bergkwagga Park, Bankberg (3225AB), 6 March 1963, Liebenberg 7145 (K, PRE); Somerset East, Grootfontein Valley (3225CB), August 1967, Van der Westhuizen 131 (PRE); Somerset East; Graaff-Reinet, Klipfontein (3225DB), 1 April 1912, Burt-Davy 13477 (PRE); Alice, Dal Eendracht Farm, S of Alice (3226DD), 20 April 1943, Griffen 1434 (PRE) and 15 August 1943, Griffen 6858 (PRE); Olive Grove Farm, Windvoelberg, just W of Cathcart (3227AC), June 2000, Bergh 746 (NBG); Keiskamahoek, N of Keiskamahoek (3227CA), 15 November 1948, Story 3693 (PRE); Stutterheim commonage (3227CB), 19 June 1942, Acocks 8911 (PRE); King Williamstown (3227CD), Sim 1364 (PRE); East London on MacClean Town Rd. (3227DD), 3 March 1943, Acocks 9669 (K, PRE); Willowmore, Bo-Komga rd. from Joubertina (3323DA), 4 September 1973, Bayliss 522 (PRE); Voorkloof Dist., Makadaal Cave, Hans Jumat Trail (3323DA), 30 January 2003, Steenkamp 117 (PRE); Willowmore, Kouga–Studtis (3323DB), 18 July 1975, Manson 44 (NBG); Grootrivier gorge between Nature‘s Valley and Stormsrivier, on R102 (3323DC), 18 June 2000, Bergh 478 & 479 (NBG); Uniondale Div., Lauterwater (3323DC), 3 May 1933, Compton 4219 (BOL); Lange Kloof (3323DD/CD), 04 July 1931, Levyns 3803 (BOL); Humansdorp, Kromme River, between Essenbosch and Two Streams (3324CD), July 1922, Fourcade 2216 (BOL, K); S of Hankey on Hankey–Humansdorp rd. (3324DD), July 2000, Bergh 692 (NBG); Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage Dist., Woodifields Krantz Zuurberg (3325AD), 7 September 1930, Fries, Norlindh & Weimarck 594 (S); By the Little Fish River at Otter Station (3325BB), 30 June 1813, Burchell 3268 (K, P); Uitenhage, Zwartkops River, von Villa Paul Maré bis Uitenhage (3325CB), December, Ecklon & Zeyher 604 (2.12) (S); Grahamstown, Yarrow (3326AD), 13 December 1911, Burtt-Davy 11556 (PRE); Grahamstown, Military Base, Springbok Camp (3326BA), 20 May 1986, Palmer 1377 (PRE); Grahamstown, Piggot Park (3326BC), 10 December 1981, AE van Wyk 5290 (PRE); Small dirt rd. running S from the N2 highway about 20 km E of Grahamstown, Rd. marked ‘coombs’ (3326BC), June 2000, Bergh 728 (NBG); Commonage beyond Permanent Force Housing off Cradock Rd. (3326BC), 20 June 1975, Brink 319 (PRE); Grahamstown, Botha Valley (3326BC), 19 April 1925, Dyer 2 (PRE); Grahamstown (3326BC), 10 June 1919, Mogg 5404 (PRE); Grahamstown (3326BC), 5 April 1953, Noel 859 (BOL) and 1892, Sim 19688 (PRE); Jeffreys Bay, Tokyo Sexwale Township (3424BB), 7 June 2000, Brand 206 (PRE); Humansdorp, Seekoei River Reserve (3424BB), 1 February 1973, Montgomery 325 (NBG).

Figures

FIGURE 7. Known distribution of Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis in South Africa.