Zenascus coloratus ( Broun, 1893 ) Grzymala & Leschen, 2020

Grzymala, Traci L. & Leschen, Richard A. B., 2020, Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n., Zootaxa 4889 (1), pp. 1-59 : 35-36

Zenascus coloratus ( Broun, 1893) , comb. n.

Figs 11A , 14A , 18A , 20A , 21A , 23A , 27B

Xylophilus coloratus Broun, 1893: 1164 ; Pic, 1894: 428; Pic, 1910: 7; Champion, 1916: 46; Hudson, 1934: 204; Maddison, 2010: 428.

Hylophilus coloratus ; Pic, 1902: 7; Pic, 1905: 216, 231; Pic, 1910: 7.

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from congeners by the biseriate pubescence, brunneous to fuscous elytra with testaceous humeri, the darkened metaemora contrasted with the testaceous femora of the prolegs and midlegs, the short and thin third antennomere, and the unmodified male antennae. Zenascus coloratus is most similar to Zenascus obscurus in general habitus and can be distinguished by the testaceous elytral humeri and the metafemur with a ventral, apical impression of males ( Fig. 19A ).

Description. Length 1.60–1.81 mm. Head, antennal scape, antennomere 11, pronotum, elytra posterior to humeri, and metafemora piceous, brunneous, or light brown; mouthparts, antennal pedicel, antennomeres 3–10, elytral humeri, prolegs, midlegs, metatibiae, and metatarsi testaceous; antennomeres 8–11 variably darker than remaining antennomeres. Dorsal integument matte, vestiture biseriate, one decumbent, thin, long seta arising anterad of each primary puncture, length about equal to 3× puncture length, with additional 2–3 decumbent, thin, shorter setae between each pair of punctures. Ventral vestiture similarly biseriate. Head, HW 0.42–0.50 mm, HL 0.20–0.21 mm, with few, shallow, elongate punctures, widely spaced in center, absent from basal and lateral edges on vertex; impression between antennal ridge and vertex absent. Antennae with distance between antennal insertions wide, approximately equal to diameter of three antennal insertions; length reaching past basal 1/3 of elytra when extended backward; scape rounded, slightly longer than wide, subequal in width basally and apically; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 subequal in length to pedicel, slightly reduced in width, width slightly expanded apically; antennomere 4 longer than 3 and slightly greater in width; antennomeres 4–8 subequal in length and width, each slightly expanded apically; antennomeres 4–10 subserrate, serration produced anteriorly; antennomeres 9 and 10 decreasing in length, subequal in width; antennomere 11 elongate; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence. Pronotum, PW 0.32–0.38 mm, PL 0.32–0.38 mm, subquadrate, width subequal to slightly greater than length, width 1.00–1.03× length; pronotal width 0.45–0.52× elytral width, pronotal width 0.68–0.79× head width; sides slightly sinuate; disc with two moderately impressed basal fovea, with transverse sulcus just anterad of center; punctation shallow,approximately evenly spaced, separated by an average of one punctural length. Elytra 1.86–2.09× longer than wide and 3.76–4.16× longer than pronotal length, EW 0.69–0.77 mm, EL 1.28–1.44 mm; strongly impressed oblique subscutellar depression present; punctation elongate with punctures separated by an average of two punctural lengths. Proleg with tarsomere 1 shorter in length than tarsomere 2 and with ventral short, stout spine; ventral surface of tarsomeres 2 and 3 with adhesive setae. Midleg with tibia straight from base to apex. Hindleg without distinct, deep punctures along posterior margin of coxa; femur with distinctly thickened setae on postero-ventral face, overlying slight excavation extending entire length of femur, apico-ventral impression present ( Fig. 20A ); tibia gradually expanded in width from base to apex, apex inner face triangular and densely pubescent. Abdomen with lateral and medial lengths of ventrite 2 subequal; deep punctures confined to abdominal process and across entirety of ventrites 1 and 2 except for distinct line indicating sutural separation; deep punctures confined medially to ventrite 3; shallow micropunctures present on ventrites 4 and 5; ventrite 5 without medial impression.

Phallobase broadly rounded anteriorly, delimited from apicale laterally and medially with distinct sclerotization; apicale posteriorly narrowly acute, accessory lobes present, with four setae, one thickened, elongate seta at apex, three thinner, shorter setae beginning at apex and distributed along apical 1/3 of interior face of accessory lobe, evenly spaced from one another; penis with anterior struts elongate, but not extending past phallobase.

Females. Length 1.71–2.03 mm, HW 0.47–0.53 mm, HL 0.20–0.24 mm, PW 0.35–0.39 mm, PL 0.34–0.38 mm, EW 0.78–0.86 mm, EL 1.37–1.65 mm. Antennae with scape and antennomeres 9–11 with darkened integument compared to pedicel and antennomeres 3– 8. Proleg with tarsomere 1 equal in length to tarsomere 2 and without a ventral short, stout spine; metafemur without apico-ventral impression.

Remarks. This is Broun species 2064, which was based on several specimens: one collected in Otago by Chalmer, two collected from Mokohinou by Sandager, and others that Broun said were from “other localities in my own collection”( Broun 1893). In order to stabilize this name, a lectotype (NZAC) and four paralectotypes (BMNH, NZAC) are here designated from the material of Xylophilus coloratus located in the NZAC and BMNH. Two additional non-syntypical specimens (Titirangi 6.11.1916; Swanson 14.12.16) were also examined in the BMNH. This species was listed as ‘ Xylophilus ’ species 3 in Kuschel (1990).

Natural history. This is a relatively widespread and common species distributed in the North and South Islands and including Chathams Islands. Specimens have been collected by beating broadleaf vegetation and coastal vegetation both during the day and at night, specifically from Metrosideros excelsa Sol. ex Gaertn. , Phormium tenax and dead Pseudopanax sp. Individuals have also been passively collected through Malaise traps and light traps as well as by sifting litter. Specimens have also been collected by sweeping Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich) Joy Thomps. and by using branch traps of Coprosma arborea Kirk, Pittosproum eugenoides A. Cunn., and Macropiper sp.

Distribution. North Island: Northland (ND), Auckland (AK), Waikato (WO), Bay of Plenty (BP), Taranaki (TK), Wanganui (WI), and Wellington (WN). South Island : Nelson (NN), Marlborough Sounds (SD), Marlborough (MB), Buller (BR), Kaikoura (KA). Mid Canterbury (MC), Dunedin (DN), and Southland (SL). Offshore Island : Chatham Islands (CH).

Type material examined. Lectotype, female ( NZAC): “Mokohinou // 2064 // T. Broun Collection // N.Z. Arthropod Collection, NZAC Entomology Div. DSIR, Auckland NEW ZEALAND [gold label] // LECTOTYPE, [female symbol] “ Xylophilus ” coloratus Broun det. J.C. Watt, 1985 [fluorescent orange label]” . Paralectotypes: 2 ( NZAC), “2064 // Howick // T. Broun Collection // A.E. Brooks Collection // N.Z. Arthropod Collection, NZAC Entomology Div, DSIR, Auckland NEW ZEALAND [gold label] // PARALECTOTYPE “ Xylophilus ” coloratus Broun det. J.C. Watt, 1985 [bright blue label]”; 1 ( BMNH), “2064 // Howick // New Zealand / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482. // Xylophilus / coloratus [handwritten] // PARALECTOTYPE / “ Xylophilus ” / coloratus [handwritten] / det. J.C. Watt / 1985”; 1 ( BMNH), “2064 // Paparoa // New Zealand / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482. // PARALECTOTYPE / “ Xylophilus ” / coloratus [handwritten] / det. J.C. Watt / 1985”.

Figures

FIGURES 11A–E. Dorsal habitus images. (A) Zenascus coloratus (Broun), male; (B) Zenascus obscurus (Broun), male; (C) Zenascus aurum, sp. n., female; (D) Zenascus nitidus (Broun), male; (E) Zenascus elenae, sp. n., male. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 14A–J. Antennal illustrations for Zenascus species, male on left, female on right.(A) Z. coloratus; (B) Z. obscurus; (C) Z. aurum, sp. n.; (D) Z. nitidus; (E) Z. elenae, sp. n.; (F) Z. antennalis; (G) Z. xenarthrus; (H) Z. roberti, sp. n.; (I) Z. luniger; (J) Z. incensum, sp. n. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 18A–E. Scanning electron microscope images, Zenascus species, elytron, dorsal view. (A) Z. coloratus; (B) Z. obscurus; (C) Z. aurum, sp. n.; (D) Z. nitidus; (E) Z. elenae, sp. n. Scale bars = 10μm.

FIGURES 19A–E. Scanning electron microscope images, Zenascus species, elytron, dorsal view. (A) Z. antennalis; (B) Z. xenarthrus; (C) Z. roberti, sp. n.; (D) Z. luniger; (E) Z. incensum, sp. n. Scale bars = 10μm.

FIGURES 20A–J. Scanning electron microscope images, ventral view of metafemora for Zenascus species. (A) Z. coloratus, male; (B) Z. obscurus, male; (C) Z. aurum, sp. n., male; (D) Z. nitidus, female; (E) Z. elenae, sp. n., male; (F) Z. antennalis, female; (G) Z. xenarthrus, male; (H) Z. roberti, sp. n., male; (I) Z. luniger, male; (J) Z. incensum, sp. n., male. Scale bars = 60μm.

FIGURES 21A–E. Abdominal ventrite illustrations for Zenascus species showing generalized punctation pattern. (A) Z. coloratus (Broun), male; (B) Z. obscurus (Broun), male; (C) Z. aurum, sp. n., male; (D) Z. nitidus (Broun), male; (E) Z. elenae, sp. n., male.

FIGURES 23A–J. Male genitalia illustrations for Zenascus species. (A) Z. coloratus; (B) Z. obscurus; (C) Z. aurum, sp. n.; (D) Z. nitidus; (E) Z. elenae, sp. n.; (F) Z. antennalis; (G) Z. xenarthrus; (H) Z. roberti, sp. n.; (I) Z. luniger; (J) Z. incensum, sp. n.

FIGURES 27A–D. Distribution maps. (A) Zenascus aurum, sp. n., Zenascus incensum, sp. n., and Zenascus xenarthrus, (B) Zenascus coloratus, (C) Zenascus elenae, sp. n. and (D) Zenascus luniger.